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AQA A-Level Chemistry Thermodynamics definitions

All exact AQA definitions
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Last updated: June 20, 2025
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First submittedMarch 31, 2025
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Enthalpy Change
Definition
Exothermic/Endothermic for most substances?
Enthalpy of Formation
Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its constituent elements with all products and reactants in standard states under standard conditions
Exothermic
Enthalpy of Combustion
Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is burned completely in Oxygen with all products and reactants in standard states under standard conditions
Exothermic
Enthalpy of Neutralisation
Enthalpy change when one mole of water is formed in a reaction between an acid and alkali with all products and reactants in standard states under standard conditions
Exothermic
Enthalpy of Ionisation (First)
Enthalpy change when each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms loses one electron to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions
Endothermic
Enthalpy of (First) Electron Affinity
Enthalpy change when each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms gains one electron to form one mole of gaseous 1- ions
Exothermic for many non-metals
Enthalpy of Atomisation
Enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms is produced from an element in its standard state
Endothermic
Enthalpy of Hydration
Enthalpy change when one mole gaseous ions become hydrated (dissolved in water)
Exothermic
Enthalpy of Solution
Enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic solid dissolves in an amount of water large enough so that the dissolved ions are well separated and do not interact with each other
Both
Bond dissociation Enthalpy
Enthalpy change when one mole of covalent bonds is broken in the gaseous state
Endothermic
;Lattice Enthalpy of Formation
Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is formed from its constituent ions in the gas phase
Exothermic
Lattice Enthalpy of Dissociation
Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is broken up into its constituent ions in the gas phase
Endothermic
Enthalpy of Vaporisation
Enthalpy change when one mole of a liquid is turned into a gas
Endothermic
Enthalpy of Fusion
Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid is turned into a liquid
Endothermic
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