Astronomy - Heliocentric model
Astronomy - Astronomical observations
Astronomy - Laws of planetary motion
Astronomy/physics - Discovery of Jupiter's moons, law of inertia
Chemistry - The first modern chemist
Physics - Classical mechanics, laws of motion, gravity
Microbiology - Discovery of cells
Microbiology - Discovery of bacteria
Astronomy/physics - Discovery of Saturn's moon Titan
Biology - Taxonomy, giving organisms two Latin names
Chemistry - Law of conservation of mass
Chemistry/physics - Atomic theory explaining chemistry
Physics - Discovery of electromagnetic induction
Biology - Evolution
Biology - Laws of inheritance
Physics - 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics
Physics - Equations describing classical electrodynamics
Microbiology - Germ theory of disease
Chemistry - Periodic table of elements
Physics - Discovery of X-rays
Physics - Quantum mechanics, electromagnetic radiation as energy quanta
Physics - Discovery of radioactivity
Physics/chemistry - Radioactivity, discovery of radium and polonium
Nuclear physics - Discovery of the nucleus
Physics - Special and general relativity
Physics - Quantum mechanics, new model of the atom
Physics - Quantum mechanics, equation describing the wave function
Physics - Quantum mechanics, uncertainty principle
Nuclear physics - First nuclear reactor
Nuclear physics - Explained nuclear fission
Physics - Quantum electrodynamics, describing electromagnetism on quantum level
Chemistry - Discovery of several super-heavy elements