Renal - Electrolyte Disorders

Match the signs and symptoms with the correct electrolyte pathology

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Last updated: August 18, 2023

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Hint	Symptoms	Answer
swollen and slow	• constipation, abdominal pain • bone pain, kidney stones • decreased DTR, severe muscle weakness • depression/anxiety, confusion	hypercalcemia
tingly and reactive	• QT prolongation, arrhythmias • tetany, trousseau's sign, chvostek's sign • diarrhea, petechiae, weak bones • circumoral tingling, paresthesias of the hands and feet • increased DTR, convulsions	hypocalcemia
depressed and deflated	• seizures, coma • tachycardia, weak thready pulses • respiratory arrest	hyponatremia
low and slow	• flat T waves, ST depression, U wave • decreased DTR, muscle cramping, flaccid paralysis • decreased intestinal motility, hypoactive bowel sounds, constipation, abdominal distention, paralytic ileum, SBO	hypokalemia
big and bloated	• flushed, edema "waterbed skin" • low grade fever, polydipsia, swollen, dry tongue • nausea, vomiting, increased muscle tone	hypernatremia
tight and contracted	• ST elevation, peaked T waves, vfib, arrest • hypotension, bradycardia • diarrhea, hyperactive bowel sounds • paralysis of extremities, increased DTR, profound muscle weakness	hyperkalemia
calm and quiet	• heart block, prolonged PR intervals, bradycardia, hypotension • decreased DTR, depressed shallow respirations, hypoactive bowel sounds • nausea, diarrhea, headache, facial flushing	hypermagnesemia
buck wild	• ST depression, T wave inversion, torsades, tachycardia, vfib • increased DTR, nystagmus	hypomagnesemia

Symptoms	Answer
• tetany, trousseau's sign, chvostek's sign • diarrhea, bone/joint pain, weak bones • bleeding, rash or itchy skin, WBC dysfunction, delirium, paresthesias	hyperphosphatemia
• diarrhea, vomiting • sweating, fever	hypochloremia
• constipation, decreased DTR • severe muscle weakness: diplopia, dysphagia, respiratory depression • bradycardia, leukocyte/PLT dysfunction, reduced oxygen transport • delirium, convulsions	hypophosphatemia
• nausea, vomiting, swollen dry tongue • confusion	hyperchloremia