General - Acronyms

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Last updated: December 20, 2023

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First submitted	November 20, 2023
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HINT	ANSWER
ENDOCARDITIS SYMPTOMS
"FROM JANE"
F	fever
R	roth spots
O	osler nodes (painful)
M	murmur
J	janeway lesions (painless)
A	anemia
N	splinter hemorrhages
E	emboli
CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST
"H's & T's"
H	hypovolemia
H	hypoxia
H	hydrogen ion excess (acidosis)
H	hypo/hyperkalemia
H	hypothermia
H	hypoglycemia
T	trauma
T	toxins
T	tamponade
T	thrombosis (pulmonary, PE)
T	thrombosis (cardiac, MI)
T	tension pneumothorax
CAUSES OF ABDOMINAL DISTENTION
"6 F's"
F	fat
F	feces
F	fluid
F	flatus
F	fetus
F	fatal mass (malignancy)
SIGNS OF ACUTE LIMB ISCHEMIA
"6 P's"
P	pulseless
P	pale
P	pain
P	paresthesia
P	poikilothermia (cold)
P	paralysis
SIGNS OF HYPOCALCEMIA
"CATS"
C	convulsions
A	arrhythmias
T	tetany
S	stridor and spasms
CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA
"CHIMPAN"
C	calcium supplements
H	hyperparathyroidism
I	iatrogenic, immobilization
M	multiple myeloma
P	parathyroid hyperplasia
A	alcohol
N	neoplasm
SIGNS OF HYPERCALCEMIA
"BACK ME"
B	bone pain
A	arrhythmias
C	cardiac arrest
K	kidney stones
M	muscle weakness
E	excessive urination
TRIGGERS OF AFIB
"PIRATES"
P	pulmonary embolism
I	ischemia
R	respiratory disease (COPD)
A	atrial enlargement/myxoma
T	thyroid
E	ethanol
S	sepsis, sleep apnea
TRIGGERS OF DKA
"5 I's"
I	Infection
I	Ischemia
I	Infarction
I	Intoxication
I	Ignorance (poor control)
FEATURES OF PARKINSON'S
"SMART"
S	shuffling gait
M	masked facies
A	akinesia
R	rigidity
T	tremor
RISK FACTORS FOR CHOLELITHIASIS
"5 F's"
F	fat
F	forty
F	female
F	fair
F	fertile
CAUSES OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
"PALM COEIN"
P	polyps
A	adenomyosis
L	leiomyoma
M	malignancy and hyperplasia
C	coagulopathy
O	ovulatory dysfunction
E	endometrial dysfunction (endometriosis)
I	iatrogenic
N	not yet classified
SIGNS OF HYPERKALEMIA
"MURDER"
M	muscle cramps
U	urine abnormalities
R	respiratory distress
D	decreased cardiac contractility
E	EKG changes
R	reflexes
SIGNS OF HYPOKALEMIA
"A SIC WALT"
A	alkalosis
S	shallow respirations
I	irritabiltiy
C	confusion and drowsiness
W	weakness and fatigue
A	arrhythmias
L	lethargy
T	thready pulse
INDICATIONS FOR RRT
"AEIOU"
A	acidosis
E	electrolyte abnormalities
I	intoxication (ingested toxins)
O	fluid overload
U	uremia
CAUSES OF PANCREATITIS
"I GET SMASHED"
I	idiopathic
G	gallstones
E	ethanol
T	trauma
S	steroids
M	mumps, malignancy
A	autoimmune disease
S	scorpion sting
H	hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia
E	ERCP
D	Drugs (azathioprine, thiazides, septrin, tetracyclines)
SIGNS OF LIMITED SCLERODERMA
"CREST"
C	calcinosis cutis
R	raynaud's
E	esophageal dysmotility
S	sclerodacytly
T	telangiectasia

HINT	ANSWER
XRAY CHANGES IN OSTEOARTHRITIS
"LOSS"
L	loss of joint space
O	osteophytes
S	subchondral sclerosis
S	subchondral cysts
RULE OUT CRITERIA FOR C-SPINE IMAGING
"NSAID"
N	focal neurologic deficit
S	midline spinal tenderness
A	AMS
I	intoxication
D	distracting injury
SIGNS OF HYPERNATREMIA
"FRIED SALT"
F	flushed skin
R	restless, irritable, anxious, confused
I	increased BP and fluid retention
E	edema (peripheral, pitting)
D	decreased urine output and dry mouth
S	skin flushed
A	agitation
L	low grade fever
T	thirst
SIGNS OF HYPONATREMIA
"SALT LOSS"
S	stupor/coma
A	anorexia (nausea, vomiting)
L	lethargy
T	decreased tendon reflexes
L	limp muscles (weakness)
O	orthostatic hypotension
S	seizures/HA
S	stomach cramping
CYTOCHROME P450 INHIBITORS
"O DEVICES"
O	omeprazole
D	disulfiram
E	erythromycin
V	valproate
I	isoniazid
C	ciprofloxacin/cimetadine
E	ethanol
S	sulfonamides
CYTOCHROME P450 INDUCERS
"PC BRATS"
P	phenytoin
C	carbamazepine
B	barbiturates
R	rifampin
A	alcohol
S	sulfonylureas
CAUSES OF ELEVATED AGMA
"MUDPILES"
M	methanol, metformin
U	uremia
D	diabetic (or alcoholic) ketoacidosis
P	paraldehyde, phenformin
I	isoniazid, iron
L	lactic acidosis
E	ethylene glycol, ethanol
S	salicylates
CAUSES OF NORMAL AGMA
"USED CAR"
U	ureteral diversion
S	saline infusion
E	exogenous acid
D	diarrhea
C	carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, CKD
A	adrenal insufficiency
R	renal tubular acidosis
CAUSES OF NORMAL AGMA
"HARDUP"
H	hyperalimentation
A	acetazolamide
R	renal tubular acidosis
D	diarrhea
U	uretero sigmoidostomy
P	pancreatic fistula
ACID BASE DISTURBANCE PATTERNS
"ROME"
R	respiratory
O	opposite
M	metabolic
E	equal
FEATURES OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA
"CRAB"
C	hypercalcemia
R	renal failure
A	anemia
B	bone lesions
FEATURES OF TTP
"FAT RN"
F	fever
A	anemia
T	thrombocytopenia
R	renal failure
N	neurological changes
BACK PAIN RED FLAGS
"TUNA FISH"
T	trauma
U	unexplained weight loss
N	neurological signs/symptoms
A	age > 50
F	fever
I	IV drug use
S	steroid use
H	history of cancer
SYMPTOMS OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA
"BREAK"
B	bone pain
R	recurrent infection
E	elevated calcium
A	anemia
K	kidney failure
CAUSES OF AGMA
"GOLDMARK"
G	glycols (ethylene, propylene)
O	oxoproline
L	L-lactate
D	D-lactate
M	methanol
A	aspirin
R	renal failure (uremia)
K	ketoacidosis
MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM EPIDEMIOLOGY
"RULE OF 2's"
2	< 2 years
2	2ft from ileocecal valve
2	2in involvement
2	2% population
2	2x more common in men
2	2 types of ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic)
HLA B27 SYNDROMES
"PAIR"
P	psoriatic arthritis
A	ankylosing spondylitis
I	IBD
R	reactive arthritis
TREATMENT OF DECOMPENSATED HF
"LMNOP"
L	lasix
M	morphine
N	nitrates
O	oxygen
P	position
EMERGENT CAUSES OF CHEST PAIN
"PET MAC"
P	pulmonary embolism
E	esophageal rupture
T	tension pneumothorax
M	myocardial infarction
A	aortic dissection
C	cardiac tamponade