|
HINT
|
ANSWER
|
|
ENDOCARDITIS SYMPTOMS
|
|
"FROM JANE"
|
|
F
|
fever
|
|
R
|
roth spots
|
|
O
|
osler nodes (painful)
|
|
M
|
murmur
|
|
J
|
janeway lesions (painless)
|
|
A
|
anemia
|
|
N
|
splinter hemorrhages
|
|
E
|
emboli
|
|
CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST
|
|
"H's & T's"
|
|
H
|
hypovolemia
|
|
H
|
hypoxia
|
|
H
|
hydrogen ion excess (acidosis)
|
|
H
|
hypo/hyperkalemia
|
|
H
|
hypothermia
|
|
H
|
hypoglycemia
|
|
T
|
trauma
|
|
T
|
toxins
|
|
T
|
tamponade
|
|
T
|
thrombosis (pulmonary, PE)
|
|
T
|
thrombosis (cardiac, MI)
|
|
T
|
tension pneumothorax
|
|
CAUSES OF ABDOMINAL DISTENTION
|
|
"6 F's"
|
|
F
|
fat
|
|
F
|
feces
|
|
F
|
fluid
|
|
F
|
flatus
|
|
F
|
fetus
|
|
F
|
fatal mass (malignancy)
|
|
SIGNS OF ACUTE LIMB ISCHEMIA
|
|
"6 P's"
|
|
P
|
pulseless
|
|
P
|
pale
|
|
P
|
pain
|
|
P
|
paresthesia
|
|
P
|
poikilothermia (cold)
|
|
P
|
paralysis
|
|
SIGNS OF HYPOCALCEMIA
|
|
"CATS"
|
|
C
|
convulsions
|
|
A
|
arrhythmias
|
|
T
|
tetany
|
|
S
|
stridor and spasms
|
|
CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA
|
|
"CHIMPAN"
|
|
C
|
calcium supplements
|
|
H
|
hyperparathyroidism
|
|
I
|
iatrogenic, immobilization
|
|
M
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
P
|
parathyroid hyperplasia
|
|
A
|
alcohol
|
|
N
|
neoplasm
|
|
SIGNS OF HYPERCALCEMIA
|
|
"BACK ME"
|
|
B
|
bone pain
|
|
A
|
arrhythmias
|
|
C
|
cardiac arrest
|
|
K
|
kidney stones
|
|
M
|
muscle weakness
|
|
E
|
excessive urination
|
|
TRIGGERS OF AFIB
|
|
"PIRATES"
|
|
P
|
pulmonary embolism
|
|
I
|
ischemia
|
|
R
|
respiratory disease (COPD)
|
|
A
|
atrial enlargement/myxoma
|
|
T
|
thyroid
|
|
E
|
ethanol
|
|
S
|
sepsis, sleep apnea
|
|
TRIGGERS OF DKA
|
|
"5 I's"
|
|
I
|
Infection
|
|
I
|
Ischemia
|
|
I
|
Infarction
|
|
I
|
Intoxication
|
|
I
|
Ignorance (poor control)
|
|
FEATURES OF PARKINSON'S
|
|
"SMART"
|
|
S
|
shuffling gait
|
|
M
|
masked facies
|
|
A
|
akinesia
|
|
R
|
rigidity
|
|
T
|
tremor
|
|
RISK FACTORS FOR CHOLELITHIASIS
|
|
"5 F's"
|
|
F
|
fat
|
|
F
|
forty
|
|
F
|
female
|
|
F
|
fair
|
|
F
|
fertile
|
|
CAUSES OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
|
|
"PALM COEIN"
|
|
P
|
polyps
|
|
A
|
adenomyosis
|
|
L
|
leiomyoma
|
|
M
|
malignancy and hyperplasia
|
|
C
|
coagulopathy
|
|
O
|
ovulatory dysfunction
|
|
E
|
endometrial dysfunction (endometriosis)
|
|
I
|
iatrogenic
|
|
N
|
not yet classified
|
|
SIGNS OF HYPERKALEMIA
|
|
"MURDER"
|
|
M
|
muscle cramps
|
|
U
|
urine abnormalities
|
|
R
|
respiratory distress
|
|
D
|
decreased cardiac contractility
|
|
E
|
EKG changes
|
|
R
|
reflexes
|
|
SIGNS OF HYPOKALEMIA
|
|
"A SIC WALT"
|
|
A
|
alkalosis
|
|
S
|
shallow respirations
|
|
I
|
irritabiltiy
|
|
C
|
confusion and drowsiness
|
|
W
|
weakness and fatigue
|
|
A
|
arrhythmias
|
|
L
|
lethargy
|
|
T
|
thready pulse
|
|
INDICATIONS FOR RRT
|
|
"AEIOU"
|
|
A
|
acidosis
|
|
E
|
electrolyte abnormalities
|
|
I
|
intoxication (ingested toxins)
|
|
O
|
fluid overload
|
|
U
|
uremia
|
|
CAUSES OF PANCREATITIS
|
|
"I GET SMASHED"
|
|
I
|
idiopathic
|
|
G
|
gallstones
|
|
E
|
ethanol
|
|
T
|
trauma
|
|
S
|
steroids
|
|
M
|
mumps, malignancy
|
|
A
|
autoimmune disease
|
|
S
|
scorpion sting
|
|
H
|
hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia
|
|
E
|
ERCP
|
|
D
|
Drugs (azathioprine, thiazides, septrin, tetracyclines)
|
|
SIGNS OF LIMITED SCLERODERMA
|
|
"CREST"
|
|
C
|
calcinosis cutis
|
|
R
|
raynaud's
|
|
E
|
esophageal dysmotility
|
|
S
|
sclerodacytly
|
|
T
|
telangiectasia
|
|
XRAY CHANGES IN OSTEOARTHRITIS
|
|
"LOSS"
|
|
L
|
loss of joint space
|
|
O
|
osteophytes
|
|
S
|
subchondral sclerosis
|
|
S
|
subchondral cysts
|
|
RULE OUT CRITERIA FOR C-SPINE IMAGING
|
|
"NSAID"
|
|
N
|
focal neurologic deficit
|
|
S
|
midline spinal tenderness
|
|
A
|
AMS
|
|
I
|
intoxication
|
|
D
|
distracting injury
|
|
SIGNS OF HYPERNATREMIA
|
|
"FRIED SALT"
|
|
F
|
flushed skin
|
|
R
|
restless, irritable, anxious, confused
|
|
I
|
increased BP and fluid retention
|
|
E
|
edema (peripheral, pitting)
|
|
D
|
decreased urine output and dry mouth
|
|
S
|
skin flushed
|
|
A
|
agitation
|
|
L
|
low grade fever
|
|
T
|
thirst
|
|
SIGNS OF HYPONATREMIA
|
|
"SALT LOSS"
|
|
S
|
stupor/coma
|
|
A
|
anorexia (nausea, vomiting)
|
|
L
|
lethargy
|
|
T
|
decreased tendon reflexes
|
|
L
|
limp muscles (weakness)
|
|
O
|
orthostatic hypotension
|
|
S
|
seizures/HA
|
|
S
|
stomach cramping
|
|
CYTOCHROME P450 INHIBITORS
|
|
"O DEVICES"
|
|
O
|
omeprazole
|
|
D
|
disulfiram
|
|
E
|
erythromycin
|
|
V
|
valproate
|
|
I
|
isoniazid
|
|
C
|
ciprofloxacin/cimetadine
|
|
E
|
ethanol
|
|
S
|
sulfonamides
|
|
CYTOCHROME P450 INDUCERS
|
|
"PC BRATS"
|
|
P
|
phenytoin
|
|
C
|
carbamazepine
|
|
B
|
barbiturates
|
|
R
|
rifampin
|
|
A
|
alcohol
|
|
S
|
sulfonylureas
|
|
CAUSES OF ELEVATED AGMA
|
|
"MUDPILES"
|
|
M
|
methanol, metformin
|
|
U
|
uremia
|
|
D
|
diabetic (or alcoholic) ketoacidosis
|
|
P
|
paraldehyde, phenformin
|
|
I
|
isoniazid, iron
|
|
L
|
lactic acidosis
|
|
E
|
ethylene glycol, ethanol
|
|
S
|
salicylates
|
|
CAUSES OF NORMAL AGMA
|
|
"USED CAR"
|
|
U
|
ureteral diversion
|
|
S
|
saline infusion
|
|
E
|
exogenous acid
|
|
D
|
diarrhea
|
|
C
|
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, CKD
|
|
A
|
adrenal insufficiency
|
|
R
|
renal tubular acidosis
|
|
CAUSES OF NORMAL AGMA
|
|
"HARDUP"
|
|
H
|
hyperalimentation
|
|
A
|
acetazolamide
|
|
R
|
renal tubular acidosis
|
|
D
|
diarrhea
|
|
U
|
uretero sigmoidostomy
|
|
P
|
pancreatic fistula
|
|
ACID BASE DISTURBANCE PATTERNS
|
|
"ROME"
|
|
R
|
respiratory
|
|
O
|
opposite
|
|
M
|
metabolic
|
|
E
|
equal
|
|
FEATURES OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA
|
|
"CRAB"
|
|
C
|
hypercalcemia
|
|
R
|
renal failure
|
|
A
|
anemia
|
|
B
|
bone lesions
|
|
FEATURES OF TTP
|
|
"FAT RN"
|
|
F
|
fever
|
|
A
|
anemia
|
|
T
|
thrombocytopenia
|
|
R
|
renal failure
|
|
N
|
neurological changes
|
|
BACK PAIN RED FLAGS
|
|
"TUNA FISH"
|
|
T
|
trauma
|
|
U
|
unexplained weight loss
|
|
N
|
neurological signs/symptoms
|
|
A
|
age > 50
|
|
F
|
fever
|
|
I
|
IV drug use
|
|
S
|
steroid use
|
|
H
|
history of cancer
|
|
SYMPTOMS OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA
|
|
"BREAK"
|
|
B
|
bone pain
|
|
R
|
recurrent infection
|
|
E
|
elevated calcium
|
|
A
|
anemia
|
|
K
|
kidney failure
|
|
CAUSES OF AGMA
|
|
"GOLDMARK"
|
|
G
|
glycols (ethylene, propylene)
|
|
O
|
oxoproline
|
|
L
|
L-lactate
|
|
D
|
D-lactate
|
|
M
|
methanol
|
|
A
|
aspirin
|
|
R
|
renal failure (uremia)
|
|
K
|
ketoacidosis
|
|
MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM EPIDEMIOLOGY
|
|
"RULE OF 2's"
|
|
2
|
< 2 years
|
|
2
|
2ft from ileocecal valve
|
|
2
|
2in involvement
|
|
2
|
2% population
|
|
2
|
2x more common in men
|
|
2
|
2 types of ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic)
|
|
HLA B27 SYNDROMES
|
|
"PAIR"
|
|
P
|
psoriatic arthritis
|
|
A
|
ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
I
|
IBD
|
|
R
|
reactive arthritis
|
|
TREATMENT OF DECOMPENSATED HF
|
|
"LMNOP"
|
|
L
|
lasix
|
|
M
|
morphine
|
|
N
|
nitrates
|
|
O
|
oxygen
|
|
P
|
position
|
|
EMERGENT CAUSES OF CHEST PAIN
|
|
"PET MAC"
|
|
P
|
pulmonary embolism
|
|
E
|
esophageal rupture
|
|
T
|
tension pneumothorax
|
|
M
|
myocardial infarction
|
|
A
|
aortic dissection
|
|
C
|
cardiac tamponade
|
