| Pathophysiology | Condition | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
| amyloid deposition (senile plaques) in brain and neurofibrillary tangles (tau proteins); cerebral cortex atrophy on CT | Alzheimer's | 75%
|
| idiopathic dopamine depletion leading to failure to inhibit acetylcholine in the basal ganglia; cytoplasmia inclusions (lewy bodies) and loss of pigment cells in substantia nigra | Parkinson's | 70%
|
| necrosis of upper and lower motor neurons causing progressive motor degeneration | ALS | 60%
|
| autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS associated w/ axon degeneration of white matter in brain, optice nerve and spinal cord; white matter plaques (hyperdensities) on MRI w/ gadolinium, inc IgG (oligoclonal bands) in CSF | Multiple Sclerosis | 55%
|
| localized brain degeneration of frontotemporal lobes, positive pick bodies | Frontotemporal dementia (Pick's disease) | 45%
|
| diffuse deposition of lewy bodies (abnormal neuronal protein deposits) within brainΩ | Lewy body dementia | 40%
|
| unilateral CN 7 (facial nerve) palsy associated w/ HSV reactivation due to inflammation or compression, LMN lesion | Bell's palsy | 30%
|
| autonomic dominant Cr 4 mutation that causes cerebral, putamen and caudate nucleus atrophy (and decreased glucose metabolism in those areas) | Huntington's | 30%
|
| brain injury during perinatal or prenatal period | Cerebral palsy | 25%
|
| chronic ischemia and multiple infarcts (ex. lacunar infarct) caused by hypertension | Vascular dementia | 25%
|
| autoimmune peripheral nerve disorder associated w/ HLA-DR3; inefficient skeletal muscle neuromuscular transmission due to autoimmune ab against ach (nicotinic) postsynaptic receptor at neuromuscular junction leading to dec ach receptors; + Ach receptor ab, + MuSK (muscle specific tyrosine kinase) ab | Myasthenia gravis | 20%
|
| cerebral inclusion (negri) bodies causing encephalitis | Rabies | 15%
|
| acquired inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy of peripheral nerve; inc incidence w/ campylobacter jejuni or other antecedent respiratory/GI infections; immune mediated demyelination and axonal degeneration slowing nerve impulses; | Guillain Barre | 10%
|
| multiple nodular or ring-enhancing lesions associated w/ vasogenic edema | Toxoplasmosis | 0%
|