|
Mesopotamia
|
|
c. 4500-1900 BC
|
|
Ur, Uruk, Epic of Gilgamesh
|
|
Sumer
|
|
c. 2500-609 BC
|
|
Ashurbanipal, Nimrud, fierce warrior society
|
|
Assyria
|
|
c. 2334-2154 BC
|
|
Sargon, conquered the main neighbouring civilisation
|
|
Akkadian Empire
|
|
1895-539 BC
|
|
Nebuchadnezzar, Code of Hammurabi, home to two probably fictional buildings
|
|
Babylonia
|
|
c. 1500-1300 BC
|
|
Shaushtatar, Kikkuli
|
|
Mitanni
|
|
15-116 AD
|
|
Izates, Arbela
|
|
Adiabene
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Armenian Highlands
|
|
c. 3400-2000 BC
|
|
Shengavit Settlement, farming, viticulture
|
|
Kura-Araxes
|
|
c. 1500-1290 BC
|
|
Mursili II, collapse of Hatti
|
|
Hayasa-Azzi
|
|
c. 1300s-1190 BC
|
|
Ubbumu
|
|
Shupria
|
|
1200s-164 BC
|
|
Heniochi, Aea, later became a region in various empires
|
|
Colchis
|
|
1114-860 BC
|
|
Little is known about them, contended with two neighbouring civilisations, later incorporated into another kingdom
|
|
Nairi
|
|
c. 1100-760 BC
|
|
King Asia, Zua
|
|
Diauehi
|
|
860-590 BC
|
|
Menua, Tushpa, Tushpuea
|
|
Kingdom of Urartu
|
|
331 BC to 428 AD
|
|
Tigranes, Yervandashat, also the name of a modern country
|
|
Kingdom of Armenia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indian subcontinent
|
|
c. 3300-1300 BC
|
|
Mohenjo-daro, Dancing Girl statue, sophisticate sewerage system
|
|
Indus Valley Civilisation
|
|
c. 1200-525 BC
|
|
Assandh, srauta ritual, first coins in India
|
|
Kuru
|
|
c. 900 BC to c. 400 AD
|
|
Keśin Dālbhya, Ahichatra, possibly a fusion of five tribes
|
|
Panchala
|
|
c. 600-345 BC
|
|
Collection of sixteen kingdoms, Gandhara, Vedas
|
|
Mahajanapadas
|
|
?-500 BC
|
|
Janaka, Mithila, Yajnavalkya
|
|
Kingdom of the Videhas
|
|
450 BC to 489 AD
|
|
Raja Dhaj, Sukkur
|
|
Ror dynasty
|
|
323-184 BC
|
|
Chandragupta, Ashoka, Pataliputra
|
|
Maurya Empire
|
|
300s BC to 1279 AD
|
|
Rajendra II, Thanjavur, Brihadisvara Temple
|
|
Chola dynasty
|
|
c. 200s BC to 1400 AD
|
|
Kadungon, Madurai, Meenakshi Temple
|
|
Pandya dynasty
|
|
185-75 BC
|
|
Devabhuti, Pataliputra, Heliodorus pillar
|
|
Shunga Empire
|
|
150-50 BC
|
|
Brahma_____, Mathura, Yavanarajya inscription
|
|
Mitra dynasty
|
|
100s BC to 200s AD
|
|
Gautamiputra Satakarni, Sanchi, Karla Caves
|
|
Satavahana dynasty
|
|
c. 100s BC to 1100s AD
|
|
Senguttuvan, Vanchi Karuvur, Vazhappally copper plate
|
|
Chera dynasty
|
|
75-30 BC
|
|
Vasudeva, Pataliputra
|
|
Kanva dynasty
|
|
1st Century BC to 200s AD
|
|
Banavasi
|
|
Chutu dynasty
|
|
1st Century BC to 400s AD
|
|
Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves
|
|
Mahameghavahana dynasty
|
|
19-225 AD
|
|
Gondophares, Kabul, helped spread of Buddhism
|
|
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
|
|
30-375 AD
|
|
Kipunada, Peshawar, Lokakṣema
|
|
Kushan Empire
|
|
35-405 AD
|
|
Chashtana, Ujjain, Great Chaitya
|
|
Western Satraps
|
|
200s-300s AD
|
|
Chamtamula, Vijayapuri, Nagarjunakonda
|
|
Andhra Ikshvaku
|
|
200s-300s AD
|
|
Bharashiva, Vidisha
|
|
Nagas of Padmavati
|
|
200s-500s AD
|
|
Velvikudi grant
|
|
Kalabhra dynasty
|
|
200s-543 AD
|
|
Chandra_____, Pataliputra, Mahabodhi Temple
|
|
Gupta Empire
|
|
275-897 AD
|
|
Simhavishnu, Kanchipuram, Shore Temple
|
|
Pallava Empire
|
|
300s-400s AD
|
|
Shankara-varman, Shakti-varman
|
|
Mathara dynasty
|
|
350-1140 AD
|
|
Pushyavarman, Pragjyotishpura
|
|
Kamarupa
|
|
c. 400-750 AD
|
|
Amshuverma, Kathmandu Valley
|
|
Licchavi
|
|
493-776 AD
|
|
Bhatarka, Vallabhi, Gop Temple
|
|
Maitraka dynasty
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arabia
|
|
c. 3000s-538 BC
|
|
Inzak, Sar
|
|
Dilmun
|
|
1200 BC to 275 AD
|
|
Ilasaros, Sirwah
|
|
Kingdom of Saba'
|
|
110 BC to 525 AD
|
|
Abu Karib, Sana'a
|
|
Himyarite Kingdom
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iranian
|
|
2700-539 BC
|
|
Ebarti, Susa, early writing
|
|
Elam
|
|
678-549 BC
|
|
Astyages, Ecbatana, pre-Zoroastrian religion
|
|
Median Empire
|
|
550-330 BC
|
|
Cyrus, Xerxes, Persepolis
|
|
Achaemenid Empire
|
|
500s BC to 1000s AD
|
|
Samarkand
|
|
Sogdia
|
|
c. 323 BC to 200s AD
|
|
Darius I, Ganzak
|
|
Atropatene
|
|
224-651 AD
|
|
Shapur, Mani, Ctesiphon
|
|
Sasanian Empire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canaan
|
|
2500-539 BC
|
|
Hiram, Tyre, thalassocratic
|
|
Phoenicia
|
|
1200s-400 BC
|
|
Dibon, Mesha Stele
|
|
Moab
|
|
1200s-125 BC
|
|
Bozrah
|
|
Edom
|
|
c. 1047-930 BC
|
|
Saul, Jerusalem, Yahwism
|
|
Kingdom of Israel
|
|
930-720 BC
|
|
Pekah, Shechem
|
|
Kingdom of Samaria
|
|
900s-248 BC
|
|
Hanun, Rabbath _____, Milkomite
|
|
Ammon
|
|
270-273 AD
|
|
Zenobia, Vaballathus
|
|
Palmyrene Empire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central Asia
|
|
c. 2400–1900 BC
|
|
Gonur Depe, named after two regions or a river (depending on name)
|
|
Oxus civilisation
|
|
c. 2000s BC
|
|
Shahr-e Sukhteh, Mundigak
|
|
Helmand civilisation
|
|
c. 300 BC to 1006 AD
|
|
Viśa' Saṃbhava, Yotkan, major centre of Buddhism
|
|
Kingdom of Khotan
|
|
c. 200 BC to 790 AD
|
|
Douti, Kashgar
|
|
Shule Kingdom
|
|
1st Century BC to 400s AD
|
|
Vanvan, Kangu, Bitian
|
|
Kangju
|
|
c. 370-469 AD
|
|
Attila, Bleda, nomadic
|
|
Hunnic Empire
|
|
440s-710 AD
|
|
Khingila I, Balkh, nomadic
|
|
Hephthalites
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chinese dynasties, states and kingdoms
|
|
c. 2070-1600 BC
|
|
Yu, Yangcheng
|
|
Xia
|
|
c. 1600-1046 BC
|
|
Di Xin, Yinxu, oracle bones
|
|
Shang
|
|
c. 1510-1460 BC
|
|
Bronze vessels
|
|
Erligang
|
|
c. 1046-249 BC
|
|
Wu, Fenghao, Mandate of Heaven
|
|
Zhou
|
|
c. 1030-223 BC
|
|
Xiang Yu, Shouchun, bronze vessels
|
|
Chu
|
|
c. 1000s-600s BC
|
|
Jicheng, modern Beijing
|
|
Ji
|
|
1000s-222 BC
|
|
Qin Kai, Ji, knife money
|
|
Yan
|
|
334-111 BC
|
|
Wuzhu, Dongye, snake totemism
|
|
Minyue
|
|
?-306 BC
|
|
Goujian, Kuaiji, Xi Shi
|
|
Yue
|
|
221-206 BC
|
|
___ Shi Huang, Xianyang, Dujiangyan
|
|
Qin
|
|
206 BC to 220 AD
|
|
Gaozu, Chang'an, Zhang Heng's seismometer
|
|
Han
|
|
220-266 AD
|
|
Cao Pi, Xuchang, kaishu
|
|
Wei
|
|
221-263 AD
|
|
Liu Bei, Chengdu
|
|
Shu Han
|
|
222-280 AD
|
|
Sun Quan, Zhu Ran, Wuchang
|
|
Wu
|
|
266-420 AD
|
|
Yuan, Luoyang, high-quality porcelain
|
|
Jin
|
|
386-535 AD
|
|
Xiaowen, Shengle, Shaolin Monastery
|
|
Northern Wei
|
|
420-479 AD
|
|
Wen, Jiankang, Zu Chongzhi
|
|
Liu Song
|
|
479-502 AD
|
|
Gao, Jiankang
|
|
Southern Qi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anatolia
|
|
c. 1600-1178 BC
|
|
Muwatalli II, Hattusa, chariots
|
|
Hittites
|
|
c. 1200-700 BC
|
|
Midas/Mita, Gordium
|
|
Phrygia
|
|
1200-546 BC
|
|
Croesus, Sardis, world's first coins
|
|
Lydia
|
|
286-1461 AD
|
|
Justinian, Constantinople, Eastern Orthodoxy
|
|
Byzantine Empire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arab
|
|
700s BC to 100s AD
|
|
Yatie, nomadic
|
|
Qedarites
|
|
552-353 BC
|
|
Dhu-Ghabat, giant statues
|
|
Lihyan
|
|
200s BC to 106 AD
|
|
Obodas I, Petra
|
|
Nabataean Kingdom
|
|
132 BC to 214 AD
|
|
Edessa, Aramean population with Arab rulers
|
|
Osroene
|
|
100s BC to 525 AD
|
|
Imru' al-Qais Junduh bin Hujr al-Kindi, Qaryat al-Faw
|
|
Kindah
|
|
1st Century to 100s AD
|
|
Was besieged by two different empires
|
|
Araba
|
|
220-638 AD
|
|
Al-Harith ibn Jabalah, Jabiyah
|
|
Ghassanids
|
|
c. 300-602 AD
|
|
Imru al-Qays ibn Amr, al-Hirah
|
|
Lakhmids
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eurasian Steppe
|
|
600s-200s BC
|
|
Ateas, nomadic warrior culture, gold sculpture
|
|
Scythians
|
|
400s BC to 300s AD
|
|
Banadaspus, nomadic
|
|
Sarmatians
|
|
439-744 AD
|
|
Bumin Qaghan, Kul Tigin
|
|
Göktürks
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
543-437 BC
|
|
Vijaya, Upatissagāma
|
|
Kingdom of Tambapaṇṇī
|
|
377 BC to 1017 AD
|
|
Manavanna, Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, Sigiriya
|
|
Anuradhapura Kingdom
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tibet
|
|
c. 500 BC to 625 AD
|
|
Kyunglung, Bon religion, later conquered by the Tibetan Empire
|
|
Zhangzhung
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan (period in its history)
|
|
300 BC to 300 AD
|
|
Yoshinogari, dōtaku, Wo
|
|
Yayoi
|
|
c. 250-538 AD
|
|
Keyhole-shaped tombs, Haniwa
|
|
Kofun
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indochina
|
|
257-179 BC
|
|
An Dương Vương, Cổ Loa Citadel
|
|
Âu Lạc
|
|
204-111 BC
|
|
Zhao Mo, Panyu, Chinese rulers
|
|
Nanyue
|
|
50-550 AD
|
|
Vyadhapura, Óc Eo, Sanskrit as language of the court
|
|
Funan
|
|
192-1832 AD
|
|
Indrapura, Po Nagar, Mỹ Sơn
|
|
Champa
|
|
450-1388 AD
|
|
Phraya Kalavarnadit, Ayutthaya
|
|
Lavo Kingdom
|
|
|
Mongolia
|
|
209 BC to 93 AD
|
|
Modu, nomadic, had a war with the Chinese dynasty at the time
|
|
Xiongnu
|
|
93-234 AD
|
|
Tanshihuai, had their capital near the Orkhon River, nomadic
|
|
Xianbei state
|
|
330-555 AD
|
|
Yujiulü Dengshuzi, Mumo city, first people to use the title "khan"
|
|
Rouran Khaganate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Korea
|
|
?-108 BC
|
|
Jun, Wanggeom, Mumun pottery
|
|
Gojoseon
|
|
100s BC to 494 AD
|
|
Hae Buru, Hae Mo-su
|
|
Buyeo
|
|
57 BC to 935 AD
|
|
Gyeongsun, Gyeongju, Seokguram
|
|
Silla
|
|
37 BC to 668 AD
|
|
Dongmyeong, Gungnae, highly militaristic
|
|
Goguryeo
|
|
18 BC to 660 AD
|
|
Seong, Wirye, Gilt-Bronze Incense Burner
|
|
Baekje
|
|
1st Century BC to 4th Century AD
|
|
Collection of three confederacies, Byeohan, Jinhan and Mahan
|
|
Samhan
|
|
42-562 AD
|
|
Suro, Bihwa ____, ironwork
|
|
Gaya
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malay Peninsula
|
|
100 BC to 600s AD
|
|
Chu-dan, Sing-ha
|
|
Chi Tu
|
|
100s-1026 AD
|
|
Beruas, conquered by an Indian empire
|
|
Gangga Negara
|
|
100s-1400s AD
|
|
Merong Mahawangsa, possibly near modern Yarang
|
|
Langkasuka
|
|
400s-800s AD
|
|
Important trading centre, located close to the Straits of Malacca
|
|
Kedah
|
|
400s-1454 AD
|
|
Sri Bhadravarman, Inderapura, gold trade
|
|
Old Pahang Kingdom
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indonesia
|
|
130-362 AD
|
|
Dewawarman
|
|
Salakanagara
|
|
350-1605 AD
|
|
Mulavarman, modern East Kalimantan
|
|
Kutai
|
|
358-669 AD
|
|
Purnawarman, Sundapura
|
|
Tarumanagara
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
South America
|
|
c. 3500-1800 BC
|
|
Aspero, circular plazas, early pyramids
|
|
Norte Chico civilisation
|
|
900-200 BC
|
|
______ de Huantar, Lanzón
|
|
Chavín
|
|
100-700 AD
|
|
Huaca del Sol, portrait vessels, tapestries
|
|
Moche
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mesoamerica
|
|
c. 2000 BC to 1697 AD
|
|
K'inich Janaab Pakal, Tikal, sophisticated script
|
|
Maya
|
|
1500-400 BC
|
|
San Lorenzo, heads, jaguar worship
|
|
Olmecs
|
|
c. 700 BC to 1521 AD
|
|
Cosijoeza, Monte Albán, Cocijo
|
|
Zapotec
|
|
200 BC to 750 AD
|
|
Pyramid of the Sun, Avenue of the Dead, Palace of Quetzalpapálotl
|
|
Teotihuacan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Africa
|
|
c. 3150-332 BC
|
|
Ramesses, Memphis, pyramids
|
|
Ancient Egypt
|
|
c. 2500-1500 BC
|
|
Large tumulus
|
|
Kerma Kingdom
|
|
814-146 BC
|
|
Hannibal, Punic Wars, maritime power
|
|
Carthage
|
|
c. 785 BC to c.350 BC
|
|
Shoshenq I, Meroë, pyramids
|
|
Kingdom of Kush
|
|
600 BC to 200s AD
|
|
Faras, Ballana, Isis (goddess) cult
|
|
Blemmyes
|
|
500 BC to 700 AD
|
|
Germa, mentioned by Herodotus
|
|
Garamantes
|
|
202-40 BC
|
|
Juba I, Cirta, El-Khroub
|
|
Numidia
|
|
c. 200 BC to 44 AD
|
|
Bocchus I, Volubilis, also very similar to the name of a modern country
|
|
Mauretania
|
|
c. 400-600s AD
|
|
Pachoras, archery
|
|
Nobatia
|
|
400s-1500s AD
|
|
Zacharias III, Dongola, murals
|
|
Makuria
|
|
435-534 AD
|
|
Thrasamund, Hippo Regius, also covered Sicily and some other European islands
|
|
Vandal Kingdom
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
East Africa
|
|
2400-1069 BC
|
|
Perahu, unknown location, traded with a North African civilisation
|
|
Land of Punt
|
|
c. 980-400 BC
|
|
Wʿrn Ḥywt, Yeha
|
|
D'mt
|
|
c. 100-960 AD
|
|
Endubis, King Ezana's Stela, adopted Christianity
|
|
Kingdom of Aksum
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central Africa
|
|
500s BC to 1500s AD
|
|
Chari River basin, terracotta statues, skilled metalworkers
|
|
Sao civilisation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
West Africa
|
|
c. 300-1100 AD
|
|
Kaya Magan Cissé, Koumbi Saleh
|
|
Ghana Empire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Greece and the Aegean
|
|
c. 2700-1100 BC
|
|
Knossos, seafaring, bulls
|
|
Minoans
|
|
c. 1600-1100 BC
|
|
Agamemnon, Messene, palaces
|
|
Mycenaeans
|
|
808-168 BC
|
|
Philip II, Alexander, Pella
|
|
Macedonia
|
|
330-167 BC
|
|
Pyrrhus, Aeacides
|
|
Epirus
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Greek city-states
|
|
900s-192 BC
|
|
Leonidas, warrior culture, phalanx
|
|
Sparta
|
|
c. 734-214 BC
|
|
Archimedes, Fountain of Arethusa, in Sicily
|
|
Syracuse
|
|
c. 700s-400s BC
|
|
Smilis, maritime power
|
|
Aegina
|
|
700s-343 BC
|
|
Achaeus, Philoxenus
|
|
Eretria
|
|
c. 700-338 BC
|
|
Aristides, Sacred Band
|
|
Thebes
|
|
700-146 BC
|
|
Diogenes, Lechaeum, classical order named after it
|
|
Corinth
|
|
600s-417 BC
|
|
Pheidon, Polykleitos, Heraion
|
|
Argos
|
|
508-322 BC
|
|
Plato, Parthenon, democracy
|
|
Athens
|
|
c. 500s-146 BC
|
|
Pyrrho, Coroebus, Olympia
|
|
Elis
|
|
408-357 BC
|
|
Diagoras, Colossus
|
|
Rhodes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Italy
|
|
900-27 BC
|
|
Lars Porsena, Veii, Chimera of Arezzo
|
|
Etruscans
|
|
753 BC to 476 AD
|
|
Augustus, Pantheon, centurion
|
|
Romans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe (other)
|
|
c. 600-122 BC
|
|
Tutomotulus, Ligurian
|
|
Salyes
|
|
c. 500-15 BC
|
|
Camunni, Alpine
|
|
Rhaetians
|
|
c. 200s-57 BC
|
|
Bellovaci, northern Gaul
|
|
Belgae
|
|
260-274 AD
|
|
Marius, Postumus, Colonia Agrippina
|
|
Gallic Empire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thrace
|
|
480 BC to 46 AD
|
|
Sitalces, Teres I
|
|
Odrysian kingdom
|
|
?-230 BC
|
|
Patraus, Audoleon
|
|
Paeonia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Celts
|
|
c. 400s BC to 383 AD
|
|
Caratacus, chariots
|
|
Silures
|
|
100 BC to 180 AD
|
|
Maroboduus, Fritigil
|
|
Marcomanni
|
|
c. 54 BC to 300s AD
|
|
Caratacus, Verulamium
|
|
Catuvellauni
|
|
1st Century BC to 100s AD
|
|
Divico, Vindonissa
|
|
Helvetii
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germanic
|
|
c. 100 BC to 300 AD
|
|
Harii, Manimi, Helisii
|
|
Lugii
|
|
c. 213-496 AD
|
|
Chrocus, Battle of Mediolanum
|
|
Alemanni
|
|
400s-500s AD
|
|
Ardaric, Cunimund, Sirmium
|
|
Gepidia
|
|
400s-532 AD
|
|
Bisinus, later became a German state
|
|
Thuringii
|
|
409-585 AD
|
|
Hermeric, Braga
|
|
Kingdom of the Suebi
|
|
410-721 AD
|
|
Theodoric, Toulouse, Hermitage of Santa María de Lara
|
|
Visigothic Kingdom
|
|
411-534 AD
|
|
Gunther, Lugdunum Segusianorum
|
|
Kingdom of the Burgundians
|
|
467-487 AD
|
|
Flaccitheus, Vindobona
|
|
Rugiland
|
|
481-843 AD
|
|
Clovis, Charlemagne, Aachen,
|
|
Frankish Empire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland
|
|
c. 83-230 AD
|
|
Hillforts, ancient name for Scotland
|
|
Caledonians
|
|
c. 297-900 AD
|
|
Áed mac Cináeda, Circinn, crannogs
|
|
Picts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ireland
|
|
100s-1600s AD
|
|
Lugaid Mac Con, Munster
|
|
Corcu Loígde
|
|
150-1541 AD
|
|
Óengus Osrithe, Kilkenny
|
|
Osraige
|
|
300s-1200s AD
|
|
Fiachu Fidgenid, Brugh Ríogh
|
|
Uí Fidgenti
|
|
300s-1220 AD
|
|
Eochu Liathán, Castlelyons
|
|
Uí Liatháin
|
|
300s-1543 AD
|
|
Fergus mac Áedáin, Rathfriland
|
|
Iveagh
|
|
300s-1611 AD
|
|
Fiachra Finn, Connacht
|
|
Uí Maine
|
|
331-1585 AD
|
|
Colla Uais, Armagh
|
|
Airgíalla
|
|
400s-800s AD
|
|
Coirpre Luachra mac Cuirc, Eóganachta
|
|
Iarmuman
|
|
400s-1607 AD
|
|
Hugh Roe O'Donnell, Donegal Castle
|
|
Tyrconnell
|
|
c. 450-1177 AD
|
|
Forga mac Dallán, Mag Bile
|
|
Ulaid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hellenistic states
|
|
c. 438 BC to c. 370 AD
|
|
Leukon I, Panticapaeum, became the longest surviving client kingdom of a famous empire
|
|
Bosporan Kingdom
|
|
320s BC to 17 AD
|
|
Ariarathes I, syncretic religion
|
|
Kingdom of Cappadocia
|
|
312-63 BC
|
|
Antiochus, huge territory, cultural melting pot
|
|
Seleucid Empire
|
|
305-30 BC
|
|
Cleopatra, Alexandria, Serapis
|
|
Ptolemaic Kingdom
|
|
297-74 BC
|
|
Prusias, Nicomedia, Antinous
|
|
Bithynia
|
|
282-133 BC
|
|
Sosus, Epigonus, had a famous altar
|
|
Pergamon
|
|
281 BC to 62 AD
|
|
Mithridates, Sinope, syncretic religion
|
|
Kingdom of Pontus
|
|
256-125 BC
|
|
Euthydemus, city now known as Balkh, influenced Indian art
|
|
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
|
|
180 BC to 10 AD
|
|
Strato, Taxila, influenced Indian art
|
|
Indo-Greek Kingdom
|
|
