Most Populous Countries in 1600

Can you name the most populated countries in the year 1600 AD?

WARNING: There may be countries you've never heard of before.

This list is the source. It may be incomplete.

Population is determined by approximate estimates

% = percent of world population at the time (approximate)

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Last updated: June 29, 2021

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Pop.	%	Territory	Country
160M	27.6	East Asia	Ming Empire
115M	19.9	South Asia	Mughal Empire
27M	5.2	Central Europe	Holy Roman Empire
26M	4.5	Middle East	Ottoman Empire
20M	3.5	Western Europe	Kingdom of France
19M	3.3	Western Europe	Iberian Union
18.5M	3.2	East Asia	Tokugawa shogunate
9.8M	1.7	East Asia	Joseon
~9M	1.6	Eastern Europe	Tsardom of Russia
7.9M	1.4	Eastern Europe	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
7.8M	1.3	Eastern Europe	Habsburg Monarchy
5.6M	1	Western Europe + Overseas	English Crown
5.5M	0.9	Southeast Asia	Đại Việt
5M-10M	0.6	Middle East	Safavid Empire
2.7M	0.5	South Asia	Malla
2.3M	0.4	Southeast Asia	Toungoo dynasty
2.2M	0.4	North Africa	Kingdom of Morocco
2.2M	0.4	Southeast Asia	Ayutthaya Kingdom
2.1M	0.4	East Africa	Ethiopian Empire
2M	0.3	Southern Europe	Venetian Republic