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Hint
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Answer
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When an economy is allocating scarce resources to meet society's wants and needs (P=MC) (Eff)
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Allocative
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Informal agreement - firms monitor one another and copy each others actions (Collusion)
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Tacit
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Costs that are dependant on output
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Variable cost
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In perfect competition, when price = AVC
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Shutdown point
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Focusses on the change in choice and quantity over time; linked with innovation (Eff)
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Dynamic
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In highly contestable markets, firms enter and leave in order to make short term supernormal profits
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Hit and Run
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Occurs when a whole industry grows larger and firms benefit from lower long-run average costs (EoS)
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External
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Producing at the lowest possible cost of production (MC=AC) (Eff)
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Productive
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Costs of production which are not recoverable if a firm leaves the market
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Sunk Costs
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Lead to a rise in a firms long-run average costs
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Diseconomies of Scale
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Total revenue - Total cost
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Accounting profit
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A formal agreement - when firms agree to fix prices and quantity (illegal in EU, UK and US) (Collusion)
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Overt
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Costs that do not change with output
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Fixed cost
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Fixed cost + Variable cost
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Total cost
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Unit cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long-run
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Economies of Scale
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Total revenue - Total cost - Opportunity cost
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Economic profit
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The market share of the largest firms in the industry
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Concentration Ratio
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Any profit made above normal profit causing new firms to enter the market (AR>AC)
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Supernormal profit
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When AR < AC causing firms to leave the market
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Subnormal profit
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Secret or illegal cooperation in order to deceive other firms / achieve a common goal
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Collusion
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A large number of small suppliers producing non-homogenous goods so have some price setting power (MS)
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Monopolistic Competition
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When organisational wastage leads to a loss of efficiency (Eff)
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X
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The characteristics of a market which determine the behaviour of firms
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Market Structure
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A small number of large firms produce most of the output of an industry (MS)
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Oligopoly
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When there is a wide-ranging agreement among several firms in a market
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Cartel
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How easy it is for new firms to enter an industry/market
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Contestability
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A large number of small suppliers, none of which is large enough to dominate the market (MS)
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Perfect competition
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