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1. Large, gray-white colonies with a double zone of beta-hemolysis on anaerobic blood agar. Gram stain reveals large, boxcar-shaped Gram-positive rods.
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus
Listeria monocytogenes
Clostridium difficile
2. Small, creamy, beta-hemolytic colonies grow on blood agar. The organism is catalase positive, coagulase positive, and Gram stain reveals Gram-positive cocci in clusters.
Enterococcus faecalis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Micrococcus luteus
3. A colony shows swarming motility on blood agar. The organism is oxidase negative and urease positive. It produces hydrogen sulfide on TSI agar.
Escherichia coli
Proteus vulgaris
Salmonella enteritidis
Proteus mirabilis
4. Lactose-fermenting pink colonies grow on MacConkey agar. The organism is indole positive, oxidase negative, and Gram-negative rods are seen on staining.
Shigella spp.
Escherichia coli
Citrobacter freundii
Klebsiella pneumoniae
5. Tiny gray colonies grow on chocolate agar but not on blood agar. Gram-negative coccobacilli are seen on Gram stain. The isolate requires both X and V factors.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
6. Alpha-hemolytic colonies appear on blood agar. The isolate is catalase negative, optochin sensitive, and bile soluble. Gram-positive lancet-shaped diplococci are seen.
Enterococcus gallolyticus
Viridans group streptococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
7. Beta-hemolytic colonies appear on blood agar. Catalase negative, bacitracin sensitive, Gram-positive cocci in chains.
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Enterococcus faecium
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
8. Colonies have a mucoid appearance on MacConkey agar. The organism is urease positive, indole negative, oxidase negative.
Klebsiella oxytoca
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus vulgaris
Shigella sonnei
9. A sputum culture yields colonies with a “breadcrumb-like” appearance. The organism is weakly acid-fast and filamentous on Gram stain.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Nocardia spp.
Actinomyces israelii
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
10. A patient with HIV presents with meningitis. India ink staining of CSF reveals encapsulated yeast. Colonies grow on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and are urease positive.