CCEA Biologically Important Ions

List the biological roles of the ions listed below. Please note, answers are according to the CCEA AS biology textbook, from the 2016 specification (page 6 of the textbook)

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Last updated: February 11, 2021

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First submitted	February 11, 2021
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Ion	Biological Roles
Calcium (Ca²⁺)	Essential component of middle lamella (calcium pectate)
	Essential component of bones and teeth in animals
	Essential in blood clotting
Iron (Fe²⁺)	Part of haem group in haemoglobin
	Important constituent of electron carriers in respiration
Magnesium (Mg²⁺)	Essential in giving chlorophyll its light-absorbing properties
Potassium (K⁺)	Important in maintaining electrical gradients across neurones
Nitrate (NO₃⁻)	Component of amino acids
	Component of nucleic acids
	Component of chlorophyll
Phosphate (PO₄³⁻)	As phospholipids in cell membranes
	Component of nucleic acids
	Component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Hydrogencarbonate (HCO₃⁻)	Important as a natural buffer