Anglo-Saxon 'Tribes' on a Map

First compiled in around the eighth century, the 'Tribal Hidage' lists thirty-five Anglo-Saxon 'tribes' (i.e. peoples/kingdoms) and their respective sizes/wealth measured in units of land called 'hides'. How many of the Anglo-Saxon peoples recorded in the Tribal Hidage can you name?
Modern English equivalents of names are accepted as answers where applicable.
The map is based on the map included in Hart, 1970. "?"s indicate tribes whose locations are still a mystery - their positions on the map are a result of Hart's educated guesswork. See the stickied comment for more info.
The 11th-century manuscript that is the earliest surviving copy of the Tribal Hidage can be viewed here. Other sources include this book, this page, this page, and this brilliant book.
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jdmercia
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Last updated: October 3, 2024
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First submittedMay 16, 2024
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Hides
Tribe
 
 
 
100,000
Westsexena
(West Saxons)
 
 
 
30,000
East engle
(East Angles)
 
 
 
30,000
Myrcna
(Mercians)
 
 
 
15,000
Cantwarena
(Kent-folk)
 
 
 
7,000
Eastsexena
(East Saxons)
 
 
 
7,000
Hwinca
(Hwicce)
 
 
 
7,000
Lindesfarona
(Lindsey-folk)
 
 
 
7,000
Westerna
(Magon-folk)
 
 
 
7,000
Suþsexena
(South Saxons)
 
 
 
7,000
Wocensætna
(Wrekin-folk)
 
 
 
5,000
Noxgaga
?
 
 
 
3,500
Hendrica
?
Hides
Tribe
2,000
Ohtgaga
?
1,200
Cilternsætna
(Chiltern-folk)
1,200
Herefinna
1,200
Pecsætna
(Peak-folk)
1,200
Unecung-ga
?
900
Wigesta
600
Arosætna
(Arrow-folk)
600
Bilmiga
600
East willa
600
Elmedsætna
(Elmet-folk)
600
Norþ gyrwa
(North Gyrwe)
600
Suþ gyrwa
(South Gyrwe)
Hides
Tribe
600
Spalda
(Spalding-folk)
600
West willa
600
West wixna
600
Widerigga
600
Wihtgara
(Wight-folk)
300
East wixna
300
Færpinga
300
Gifla
300
Hicca
(Hitchin-folk)
300
Sweordora
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2 Comments
+1
Level 88
Oct 3, 2024
The Tribal Hidage was primarily an economic assessment. One 'hide' was defined as enough land to support one homestead - therefore the greater a group's number of hides, the greater their territory and wealth.

The list likely originated in Mercia, although some historians think the absence of the Northumbrian kingdoms (Bernicia and Deira) indicates a Northumbrian perspective. Were there more tribes that the compilers ignored? Were all the groups included in the list seen to be equally distinct and independent? We do not know.

Also, the term Anglo-Saxon should not be taken entirely literally. Elmet and the Cilternsætna are known to have had native British rulers at various times.

+1
Level 88
Oct 3, 2024
There is a spectrum of certainty regarding the geographical positions of groups mentioned in the Tribal Hidage. Major kingdoms that we know a lot about or groups whose names have been preserved in modern place-names can be placed on a map with a high degree of certainty. Others, however, have been lost to time. These were the Dark Ages, after all.

The tribes that we know basically nothing about are the Hendrica, the Ohtgaga, the Noxgaga, and the Unecung-ga. The names of some, particularly the Unecung-ga, have probably been corrupted by the medieval scribes who copied the originals. The Færpinga, Herefinna, Widerigga, and Wigesta have been linked to modern place-names, but are still pretty mysterious.

The boundaries on the map are all approximate and are again based on Hart’s educated guesswork. The idea of borders on a map itself is entirely anachronistic to this period! So, just think of the map as a fun visual aid that will nevertheless be wrong in many ways.