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Hint
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Answer
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What are the monomers of nucleic acids
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nucleotides
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Which 3 components make up a nucleotide
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pentose sugar
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nitrogenous base
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phosphate group
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which sugar do DNA nucleotides contain
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deoxyribose
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what is larger and has two carbon ring structures
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purine
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what its smaller and only has one carbon ring structure
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pyrimidine
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which bases are pyrimidines
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t and c
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Which type of bond forms between complementary base pairs in DNA
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hydrogen
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how many hydrogen bonds form between a and t in a molecule of DNA
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2
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how many hydrogen bonds form between c and g in a molecule of DNA
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3
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Which sugar and nitrogenous bases do RNA nucleotides contain
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ribose aucg
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what is a single-stranded molecule made up of one polynucleotide strand
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RNA
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What are the similarities between DNA and RNA
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contain nucleotides
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contain phosphodiester bonds
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contain cga bases
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what refers to the fact that each of the newly synthesised DNA molecules is made up of one original DNA strand and one new DNA strand
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semi conservative replication
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what breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases to unwind the double helix and separate the strands
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dna helicase
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what joins nucleotides together via phosphodiester bonds
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dna polymerase
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What reaction takes place to join nucleotides together during semi-conservative DNA replication
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condensation
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What does ATP stand for
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adenine triphosphate
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What 3 parts does a molecule of ATP consist of
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adenine
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ribose
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3 phosphate groups
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What are some uses of ATP in the body
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movement and active transport/synthesis of large molecules/secretion of substances
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How does ATP activate other molecules
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by phosphorylating them
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What is released during the condensation reaction to reform ATP
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water molecule
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What enzyme catalyses the resynthesis of ATP
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atp synthase
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What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP
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atp hydrolase
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What are the products of ATP hydrolysis
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adenine diphosphate
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inorganic phosphate
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How is ATP broken down
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by atp hydrolase in a hydrolysis reaction
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in a water molecule, the oxygen atom has a slightly negative charge whilst the hydrogen atoms have a slightly positive charge so the water is
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dipolar
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what is the attraction between the partially positive hydrogen end of one water molecule and the partially negative oxygen end of another water molecule
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hydrogen bonding
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What are the roles of water in living organisms
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solvent and temperature control/habitat and metabolite/transport
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Water is known as the _________ because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.
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universal solvent
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Water being a ______ is useful as most biological reactions take place in solution and so dissolved substances can be transported around the body
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solvent
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what is it when a lot of energy is required to raise the temperature of water
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high specific heat capacity
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what is it when a lot of energy is needed to break the hydrogen bonds to change water from a liquid to a gas
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high latent heat of vaporisation
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^why is this important for organisms
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cooling off without losing too much water
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Why is water a suitable habitat for many organisms
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it doesn't change temperature or evaporate easily
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what is the tendency of water molecules to stick together
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cohesion
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what is the tendency of water to stick to other materials
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adhesion
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what allows water to flow through organisms, carrying substances along with it
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cohesion and adhesion
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what do you call an ion that does not contain carbon
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inorganic
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what is an atom or group of atoms with an electric charge
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ion
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what is an ion with a positive charge
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cation
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what is an ion with a negative charge
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anion
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give an example of a cation
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calcium/sodium/potassium/hydrogen/ammonium/iron
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give an example of an anion
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chloride/phosphate/hydroxide/nitrate
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