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Biology topic 8

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julia7c
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Last updated: February 12, 2025
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First submittedFebruary 11, 2025
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Answer
how is dna organised into chromosomes
wrapped around histones to form a dna histone complex
which eukaryotic organelles contain dna
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts
describe the structure of dna in mitochondria and chloroplasts
short, circular, not associated with histones
what is a gene
short section of dna that codes for a polypeptide
what's a locus
specific position along a chromosome where a gene is located
what is the genetic code
sequence of bases that code for amino acids
what's a triplet
sequence of 3 dna bases that code for a single amino acid
why is the genetic code universal
each dna triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms
why is the genetic code described as being non-overlapping
each base in the dna sequence is only read once
why is the genetic code degenerate
most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet
what's a genome
the complete set of genes within a cell
whats a proteome
full range of proteins that a cell is capable of producing
which process synthesises mRNA molecules
transcription
What is the role of mRNA
carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
Describe the structure of mRNA molecules
single-stranded and linear
What is a codon
a sequence of 3 bases on mRNA that code for an amino acid
What is the role of tRNA
transports amino acids to the ribosomes to build up a polypeptide chain
What is an anticodon
a sequence of 3 bases at one end of a tRNA molecule
What are the similarities between mRNA and tRNA molecules
single-stranded,contain ribose, phosphate and nitrogenous bases
What is transcription
the process of copying the genetic code from DNA onto an mRNA molecule
Why do hydrogen bonds need to be broken in transcription
to unwind the double helix and separate the DNA strands
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription
forms phosphodiester bonds between RNA nucleotides to form an mRNA molecule
What happens when RNA polymerase reaches a stop signal
it stops making mRNA and detaches from the DNA
What is splicing
process of removing introns from a pre-mRNA molecule
why does prokaryotic mRNA not undergo splicing
Prokaryotic DNA does not contain introns
What is translation
process of using mRNA and tRNA to build a polypeptide chain
Where does an mRNA molecule initially bind to a ribosome
start codon on mRNA
Where in the cell does translation take place
ribosomes
Which part of a tRNA molecule binds to an mRNA molecule
anticodon
How many tRNA molecules bind to a ribosome at a time
2
During translation, what happens when a ribosome reaches a stop codon
polypeptide chain detaches from the ribosome
how are amino acids joined together in the process of translation
using ATP to form a peptide bond between them
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