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Hint
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Answer
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an opening on the body surface that allow air to enter an insects tracheal system
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spiracles
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where are spiracles located
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exoskeleton
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how do insects regulate water loss through the spiracles
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open and close
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what are air filled tubes branching throughout the insects body
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tracheae
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what do tracheae do
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deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from cells
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what lines the tracheae to prevent it from collapsing
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chitin
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what are tracheoles
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smallest tracheal branches which penetrate insect tissues
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how does air flow the insect tracheal system
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spiracles, tracheae,tracheoles
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what are the organs of gas exchange in bony fish
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gills
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where are the gills located in bony fish
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operculum
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what is countercurrent flow
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blood and water flow over the gills in opposite direction
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how do plants obtain oxygen for aerobic respiration
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from the atmosphere through the stomata
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what are stomata
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pores that open and close
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where is stomata located
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lower epidermis
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what adaptations do plant leaves have to reduce water loss
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waxy cuticle, guard cells
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what are plants adapted to survive in dry conditions
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xerophytes
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which part of the plant reduces water loss
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upper epidermis
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what's the function of mesophyll
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photosynthesis
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which tissue has stomata surrounded by guard cells
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lower epidermis
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what does the vascular tissue do (phloem and xylem)
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transports water and nutrients
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out of inspiration and expiration, which one is an active process
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inspiration
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what is ventilation
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constant movement of air in and out the lungs
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which main muscles are involved in ventilation
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diaphragm, internal intercostal muscles, external intercostal muscles
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