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Nuclear radiation

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julia7c
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Last updated: March 16, 2026
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First submittedMarch 16, 2026
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Answer
what do you call the energy required to disassemble an atomic nucleus into its constituent protons and neutrons
nuclear binding energy
what is it when large nuclei spontaneously split into two smaller nuclei
fission
what conditions are needed for nuclear fusion
high temperature
high density
what does spontaneous fission mean
occurs without any external intervention
what does random mean
unpredictable
what are the units of the decay constant
inverse time
what is low-level ionizing radiation present in the environment from natural and artificial sources, not caused by deliberate introduction
background radiation
what process can cause an electron to change energy levels
excitation/ionisation
how do unstable nuclei become more stable
by emitting radiation
which radiation is stopped by a few cm of air or a sheet of paper
alpha
what does beta minus radiation consist of
electrons
what does beta plus radiation consist of
positrons
which radiation is stopped by a few mm of aluminium or a metre of air
beta minus
which radiation has 0 range
beta plus
what is gamma radiation
high energy electromagnetic radiation
do gamma rays have a charge
no
which type of radiation is most ionising
alpha
which type of radiation is most weakly ionising
gamma
which radiation travels the fastest and at what speed
gamma at speed of light
which radiation is emitted when a nucleus has too much mass
alpha
which radiation is emitted when a nucleus has too many neutrons
beta minus
which radiation is emitted when a nucleus has too many protons
beta plus
which radiation is emitted when. nucleus has top much energy
gamma
what absorbs gamma radiation
several inches of lead
which type of decay is it when a neutron turns into a proton, and releases an electron and electron antineutrino
beta minus
which decay is it when a proton turns into a neutron, and releases a positron and electron neutrino
beta plus
how does the mass of a nucleus compare to the sum of the mass of its individual constituents?
always less
what is the name given to the difference in mass of the nucleus and the sum of mass of separate constituents
mass defect
the mass defect is a result of some mass being converted into ______ used to hold the nucleus together
energy
what is the name for the energy required to hold nucleus togetehr
binding energy
what is a measure used to compare the binding energies of different nuclei
binding energy per nucleon
the larger the binding energy per nucleon, the ____ stable the nucleus will be
more
what is the most stable nucleus
iron
state 2 nuclear processes which can be used to generate energy
fission
fusion
what are the 2 types of fission
spontaneous
induced
which fission includes absorbing a neutron and splitting into 2 smaller nuclei, releasing energy and a neutron
induced
which process includes joining 2 nuclei to make a larger one, whilst releasing energy in the process
fusion
where does nuclear fusion constantly happen
stars
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