| Hint | Answer | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
| Beta blockers | 68%
| |
| What are the positive inotropes? | Digoxin | 63%
|
| Digoxin | 63%
| |
| What are the negative chronotropes? | Digoxin | 63%
|
| Calcium channel blockers | 58%
| |
| calcium channel blockers | 58%
| |
| What are the negative inotropes? | calcium channel blockers | 58%
|
| calcium channel blockers | 58%
| |
| What are the vasodilators? | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors | 58%
|
| What are examples of each? | Perindopril (and other -prils) | 58%
|
| Dobutamine | 53%
| |
| Amiodarone | 47%
| |
| Atenolol | 47%
| |
| Atenolol | 47%
| |
| Atenolol | 47%
| |
| Irbesartan (and other -sartans) | 47%
| |
| What are the diuretics? | loop diuretics (renal diuretic) | 47%
|
| Nitrates | 47%
| |
| potassium channel blockers | 47%
| |
| potassium sparing diuretics (renal diuretic) | 47%
| |
| What type of blocker is each? | sodium channel blockers | 47%
|
| used on occasion in preference to frusemide if concerned about potassium levels | 47%
| |
| Amlodipine | 42%
| |
| What are examples of these? | Amlodipine | 42%
|
| cerebral oedema (after head trauma) | 42%
| |
| What are examples of these? | Frusemide | 42%
|
| Mannitol | 42%
| |
| osmotic diuretics | 42%
| |
| Spironolactone | 42%
| |
| What are the antiarrhythmics? | Class I | 37%
|
| Class II | 37%
| |
| Class III | 37%
| |
| Class IV | 37%
| |
| What are the clinical indications for vasodilators? | heart failure | 37%
|
| Nitroglycerin | 37%
| |
| Diltiazem | 32%
| |
| Diltiazem | 32%
| |
| glaucoma | 32%
| |
| hypertension | 32%
| |
| What is an example of each? | Lignocaine | 32%
|
| Propranolol | 32%
| |
| Propranolol | 32%
| |
| Sotalol | 32%
| |
| aldosterone antagonist (aldosterone drives the Na+-K+- ATPase pump) | 26%
| |
| Prazosin | 26%
| |
| What are the common uses? | to improve myocardial contractility | 26%
|
| β1 antagonism leading to decreased heart rate and negative inotropy, leading to decrease blood pressure | 21%
| |
| What are they used for? | fluid accumulation in the lungs, abdomen, or pleural space after heart failure | 21%
|
| Nitroprusside | 21%
| |
| to prevent arrhythmias | 21%
| |
| used as a prodrug that converts to nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation & reduced preload | 21%
| |
| Angiotensin II receptor inhibitors | 16%
| |
| increases plasma osmolality so moves fluid from tissues to plasma through osmosis | 16%
| |
| used to improve myocardial contraction force to improve cardiac output | 16%
| |
| blockade of sympathetic autonomic effects | 11%
| |
| What will the use of vasodilators do? | decrease afterload | 11%
|
| improve peripheral perfusion | 11%
| |
| What is the mechanism of action of each? | Na+-K+-2Cl- pump antagonist, therefore creating an enormous natriuresis (sodium in urine) and subsequent diuresis | 11%
|
| acts as an antagonist at the Angiotensin II receptor, therefore inhibiting the production of ADH and Aldosterone | 5%
| |
| blocks the influx of calcium into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, therefore decreasing myocardial contractility and causing vasodilation | 5%
| |
| Class II antiarrhythmics | 5%
| |
| Class II antiarrythmics | 5%
| |
| What is the mechanism of action for each? | inhibits the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, therefore inhibiting the production of Angiotensin II | 5%
|
| What kind of agonists/antagonists are they? | Na+ - K+ - ATPase channel antagonist | 5%
|
| Na+ - K+ - ATPase channel blocker | 5%
| |
| β1 agonist | 0%
| |
| α1 antagonists | 0%
| |
| α1 selective antagonist, leading to vasodilation | 0%
|