Name important mathematicians and physicists - Statistics

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Hint	Lifespan	Origin	Answer	% Correct
"In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides."	570 BCE - 495 BCE	Greek	Pythagoras	96%
The "father of geometry".	300 BCE	Greek	Euclid	88%
"An object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces."	287 BCE - 212 BCE	Greek	Archimedes	84%
Was first to discover laws of motion and gravity.	1643 - 1727	English	Isaac Newton	84%
"Energy equals mass multiplied by the speed of light squared."	1879 - 1955	German/American	Albert Einstein	82%
One of the most important constants is named after him.	1707 - 1783	Swiss	Leonhard Euler	82%
First to win two Nobel Prizes.	1867 - 1934	Polish/French	Marie Curie	78%
The "Prince of Mathematicians".	1777 - 1855	German	Carl Friedrich Gauss	76%
Discovered that black holes emit radiation.	1942 - 2018	British	Stephen Hawking	76%
Received the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husbandfor their discovery of induced radioactivity.	1897 - 1956	French	Irène Joliot-Curie	73%
Proposed a model of the atom.	1885 - 1962	Danish	Niels Bohr	73%
"Pionereed research on radioactivity alongside his wife."	1859 - 1906	French	Pierre Curie	73%
Introduced the sequence of in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.	c. 1170 - c. 1250	Italian	Fibonacci	71%
Discovered laws of planetary motion.	1571 - 1630	German	Johannes Kepler	71%
The "father of the atomic bomb".	1904 - 1967	American	J. Robert Oppenheimer	69%
"There are no three positive integers that can satisfy theequation x^n+y^n=z^n when n is greater than 2."	1601 - 1665	French	Pierre de Fermat	69%
"It is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and exact momentum of a particle. The more precisely one of these properties is known, the less precisely the other can be known."	1901 - 1976	German	Werner Heisenberg	69%
Developed a coordinate system that laid the foundation foranalytical geometry.	1596 - 1650	French	Rene Descartes	67%
Made a thought experiment involving a cat.	1887 - 1961	Austrian	Erwin Schrödinger	65%
Developed present day notation for the differential and integralcalculus.	1646 - 1716	German	Gottfried Leibniz	65%
The founder of electromagnetic theory.	1831 - 1879	Scottish	James Maxwell	65%
Found special-case solution for the three body problem.	1736 - 1813	Italian/French	Joseph-Louis Lagrange	65%
Formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system.	1473 - 1543	Polish	Nicolaus Copernicus	65%
Put forward a hypothesis on zeta function that stays unproved til these days.	1826 - 1866	German	Bernhard Riemann	63%
"An increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum."	1700 - 1782	Swiss	Daniel Bernoulli	63%
The father of "modern science" and scientific method.	1564 - 1642	Italian	Galileo Galilei	63%
Discovered a general method to determine evolutes of a curveas the envelope of its circles of curvature.	1654 - 1705	Swiss	Jacob Bernoulli	63%
Summed series, and discovered addition theorems for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions using the differential equations they satisfy.	1667 - 1748	Swiss	Johann Bernoulli	63%
Proved the equality of mixed second-order partial derivatives.	1687 - 1759	Swiss	Nicolaus Bernoulli	63%
Contributed to development of AC electrical systems.	1856 - 1943	Serbian/American	Nikola Tesla	63%
"An all-knowing intellect which, if it knows the precise location and momentum of every atom in the universe at a given time, could predict the future and retrodict the past with absolute certainty."	1749 - 1827	French	Pierre-Simon Laplace	63%
Invented international system of absolute temperature.	1824 - 1907	British (Scottish)	(William Thomson) Lord Kelvin	63%
Formalized and proved key theorems of calculus.	1789 - 1857	French	Augustin-Louis Cauchy	61%
One of the founders of probability theory.	1623 - 1662	French	Blaise Pascal	61%
Developed a theorem to evaluate limits which result in 0/0 or infinity/infinity, by instead evaluating the limit of the fraction between the derivatives of the numerator and denominator.	1661 - 1704	French	Guillaume l'Hôpital	61%
Creator of quantum theory.	1858 - 1947	German	Max Planck	61%
Invented battery.	1745 - 1827	Italian	Alessandro Volta	59%
In 1742 proposed (an inverted form of) the centigrade temperature scale, which was later renamed in his honor, and is the dominating temperature scale across the world.	1701 - 1744	Swedish	Anders Celsius	59%
Developed theory of four elements which dominated until other discoveries made by other great scientists.	384 BCE - 322 BCE	Greek	Aristotle	59%
Formulated series that express functions as infinite sums oftheir derivates.	1685 - 1731	English	Brook Taylor	59%
The electric current through a conductor between two points isdirectly proportional to the voltage across the two points.	1789 - 1854	German	Georg Ohm	59%
Solved one of the Millennium Prize problems.	1966 -	Russian	Grigori Perelman	59%
"A periodic signal is composed of a superposition of pure sine waves, with suitably chosen amplitudes and phases, whose frequencies are harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the signal."	1768 - 1830	French	Joseph Fourier	59%
"If a triangle is inscribed in a circle and one of its sides is thediameter of the circle, then the angle opposite of that side is a right angle."	624 BCE - 546 BCE	Greek	Thales	59%
Provided the concept that describes fundamental models of computations.	1912 - 1954	British	Alan Turing	57%
The "father of electrodynamics".	1775 - 1836	French	Andre-Marie Ampere	57%
Known for his experiments with electricity.	1706 - 1790	American	Benjamin Franklin	57%
Greatest experimental physicist.	1791 - 1867	English	Michael Faraday	57%
23 unsolved problems.	1862 - 1943	German	David Hilbert	55%
Created a version of the periodic table of elements.	1834 - 1907	Russian	Dmitri Mendeleev	55%
"The most important woman in the history of mathematics." As one of the leading mathematicians of her time, she developed theories of rings, fields, and algebras.	1882 - 1935	German	Emmy Noether	55%
For a triangle with side lengths a, b, and c, and semi-perimeter s (which is half of the perimeter), the area can be found by taking the square root of s multiplied by (s minus a), (s minus b), and (s minus c).	c. 10 CE - c. 70 CE	Greek	Heron	55%
Discovered the particle that gives mass to other fundamentalparticles.	1929 - 2024	British	Peter Higgs	55%
The Man Who Knew Infinity.	1887 - 1920	Indian	Srinivasa Ramanujan	55%
Invented quaternions.	1805 - 1865	Irish	William Rowan Hamilton	55%
Often considered the first computer programmer.	1815 - 1852	British	Ada Lovelace	53%
The "father of nuclear physics".	1871 - 1937	New Zealander	Ernest Rutherford	53%
True / False.	1815 - 1864	English	George Boole	53%
Significantly improved the design and manufacture of thermometers; his were accurate and consistent enough that different observers, each with their own thermometers, could reliably compare temperature measurements with each other.	1686 - 1736	Polish/German	Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit	51%
Calculated Earth's diameter using stick and the Sun.	276 BCE - 212 BCE	Greek	Eratosthenes	51%
Founded abstract algebra and group theory.	1811 - 1832	French	Evariste Galois	51%
One of the founders of set theory.	1845 - 1918	German	Georg Cantor	51%
Outlined the design for modern electronic computers.	1903 - 1957	Hungarian/American	John von Neumann	51%
"In any consistent formal system that is capable of expressing basic arithmetic, there are true statements that cannot be proven within the system."	1906 - 1978	Austrian/American	Kurt Gödel	51%
"Equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules."	1776 - 1856	Italian	Amadeo Avogadro	49%
"In a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle), the product of the lengths of the diagonals is equal to the sum of the products of the lengths of the opposite sides."	c. 100 CE - c. 170 CE	Greek	Claudius Ptolemy	49%
Contributed to the study of elliptic integrals, reducing many intractable integrals to problems of finding arcs for hyperbolas.	1698 - 1746	Scottish	Colin Maclaurin	49%
The first to split the atom.	1901 - 1954	Italian/American	Enrico Fermi	49%
"Every three-dimensional topological manifold which is closed,connected, and has trivial fundamental group is homeomorphic to the three-dimensional sphere."	1854 - 1912	French	Henri Poincare	49%
Discovered the law describing the relationship between pressure and volume of confined gas.	1627 - 1691	Irish	Robert Boyle	49%
Established a mathematical basis for probability inference.	1702 - 1761	British	Thomas Bayes	49%
"Two or more identical particles with half-integer spins cannot simultaneously occupy the same quantum state within a system that obeys the laws of quantum mechanics."	1900 - 1958	Austrian	Wolfgang Pauli	49%
Introduced systematic equations of quadratic equations.	c. 780 CE - c. 850 CE	Persian	al-Khwarizmi	47%
10^(-10) metres is named after him and he is one of the founders of the science of spectroscopy.	1814 - 1874	Swedish	Anders Jonas Ångström	47%
He is best known as the eponymous discoverer of a law, the description of the electrostatic force of attraction and repulsion.	1736 - 1806	French	Charles-Augustin de Coulomb	47%
"The observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative speed of the source and the observer."	1803 - 1853	Austrian	Christian Doppler	47%
Published the solution for the cubic equation.	1501 - 1576	Italian	Gerolamo Cardano	45%
Invented the astrolabe and the hydrometer, and first well-recorded female mathematician.	c. 360 CE - 415 CE	Egyptian	Hypatia	45%
Established that the various types of energy are the same.	1818 - 1889	English	James Joule	45%
Introduced atomic theory into chemistry.	1766 - 1844	British	John Dalton	45%
One of the founders of statistical mechanics.	1844 - 1906	Austrian	Ludwig Boltzmann	45%
Discovered X-rays.	1845 - 1923	German	Wilhelm Röntgen	45%
One of the earliest hypotheses about atoms.	460 BCE - 370 BCE	Greek	Democritus	43%
Found galaxies other than the Milky Way.	1889 - 1953	American	Edwin Hubble	43%
Known for his pioneering work in the theory of elliptic functionsand for proving the insolubility of the general quintic equation by radicals.	1802 - 1829	Norwegian	Niels Henrik Abel	43%
"If a line intersects the sides of a triangle (or their extensions), the product of the ratios of the segments it divides each side into is equal to -1."	70 CE - c. 140 CE	Greek	Menelaus	41%
Developed alternative notation for nth roots and formulated a theorem used in proof of the mean value theorem.	1651 - 1719	French	Michael Rolle	41%
Formulated a fully relativistic quantum theory.	1902 - 1984	British	Paul Dirac	41%
He led the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany, and later of rocket and space technology in the US.	1912 - 1977	German	Wernher von Braun	41%
Noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion, opposing the prior phlogiston theory of combustion.	1743 - 1794	French	Antoine Lavoisier	39%
The "father of the hydrogen bomb".	1908 - 2003	Hungarian/American	Edward Teller	39%
Proved the existence of electromagnetic waves.	1857 - 1894	German	Heinrich Hertz	39%
The "father of Russian science".	1711 - 1765	Russian	Mikhail Lomonosov	39%
Graphically described black holes through relativity theory.	1931 -	British	Roger Penrose	39%
Known for his work on conic sections.	c. 262 BCE - c. 190 BCE	Greek	Apollonius	37%
Co-author of Principia Mathematica.	1872 - 1970	British	Bertrand Russell	37%
The "father of algebra".	c. 201 CE - c. 285 CE	Greek	Diophantus	37%
The greater part of his life was concerned with waves and the transformations imposed on them during their passage through various media.	1819 - 1903	Irish	George Gabriel Stokes	37%
He contributed to studies on dwarf galaxies, exploding stars, and the "iron peak" elements. He notably helped redefine Pluto as a dwarf planet.	1958 -	American	Neil deGrasse Tyson	37%
"If more than n rabbits must be put into n hutches, then at least in one hutch there will be more than one (so, at least 2) rabbits."	1805 - 1859	German	Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet	37%
Graphically represented interaction of light and matter.	1918 - 1988	American	Richard Feynmann	37%
Developed the first successful theory of the maximum efficiency of heat engines.	1796 - 1832	French	Sadi Carnot	37%
Developed the ... normal form and the ... matrix.	1838 - 1922	French	Camille Jordan	35%
Made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants and number theory.	1804 - 1851	German	Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi	35%
Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for his discovery of the neutron.	1891 - 1974	British	James Chadwick	35%
The "father of modern analysis".	1815 - 1897	German	Karl Weierstrass	35%
Instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics, and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists.	1882 - 1970	German/British	Max Born	35%
Discovered the solution for the cubic equation.	1500 - 1557	Italian	Nicolo Tartaglia	35%
Independently developed non-Euclidean geometry.	1792 - 1856	Russian	Nikolai Lobachevsky	35%
Invented modern microscope.	1635 - 1703	English	Robert Hooke	35%
Known for his work in probability theory.	1781 - 1840	French	Siméon Denis Poisson	35%
Provided basic analytical tools for mathematical physics.	1752 - 1833	French	Adrien-Marie Legendre	33%
"Every square matrix is a root of its own characteristic polynomial."	1821 - 1895	English	Arthur Cayley	33%
Clarified connections between electricity, light, and magnetism.	1853 - 1928	Dutch	Hendrik Lorentz	33%
Considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics.	1822 - 1888	German	Rudolf Clausius	33%
He was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1954 by the Government of India.	1894 - 1974	Indian	Satyendra Nath Bose	33%
Known for his work in group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and the associations between geometry and group theory.	1849 - 1925	German	Felix Klein	31%
The principal or co-discoverer of ten elements: plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and element 106, then called unnilhexium.	1912 - 1999	American	Glenn T. Seaborg	31%
Shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of radioactivity.	1852 - 1908	French	Henri Becquerel	31%
Measured Earth's density.	1731 - 1810	British	Henry Cavendish	31%
A formula for obtaining solutions to the wave equation is named after him.	1717 - 1783	French	Jean le Rond d'Alembert	31%
In 1926, he discovered an equation, the simplest and prototypical example of relativistic wave equation.	1894 - 1977	Swedish	Oskar Klein	31%
The "father of nuclear chemistry".	1879 - 1968	German	Otto Hahn	31%
One of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry.	1804 - 1860	Hungarian	János Bolyai	29%
Discovered the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance.	1797 - 1878	American	Joseph Henry	29%
Her calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights.	1918 - 2020	American	Katherine Johnson	29%
"For any continuous function f mapping a nonempty compactconvex set to itself, there is a point x such that f(x) = x."	1881 - 1966	Dutch	L.E.J Brouwer	29%
Proved that the Earth rotates on its axis.	1819 - 1868	French	Léon Foucault	29%
Instrumental in the discovery of nuclear fission.	1878 - 1968	Austrian/Swedish	Lise Meitner	29%
The "father of modern geodesy".	973 - 1048	Persian	Al-Biruni	27%
He was the first person to create a mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism and his theory formed the foundation for the work of other scientists. Introduced the current idea of potential functions.	1793 - 1841	British	George Green	27%
Made many contributions to plasma physics, including theories describing the behavior of aurorae, the Van Allen radiation belts, the effect of magnetic storms on the Earth's magnetic field, the terrestrial magnetosphere, and the dynamics of plasmas in the Milky Way galaxy.	1908 - 1995	Swedish	Hannes Alfvén	27%
The "father of modern optics".	965 - 1040	Arabic	Ibn al-Haytham	27%
Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1910 "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids".	1837 - 1923	Dutch	Johannes Diderik van der Waals	27%
Devised an electromagnetic telegraph.	1804 - 1891	German	Wilhelm Eduard Weber	27%
Known for an effect that demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation.	1892 - 1962	American	Arthur Compton	24%
Gave the first purely analytic proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra.	1781 - 1848	German	Bernard Bolzano	24%
Discovered argon. Provided the first theoretical treatment of the elastic scattering of light by particles much smaller than the light's wavelength which notably explains why the sky is blue.	1842 - 1919	British	(John Strutt) Lord Rayleigh	24%
He is best known for originating a law in 1879, a physical power law stating that the total radiation from a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its thermodynamic temperature.	1835 - 1893	Slovene	Josef Stefan	24%
Made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability.	1821 - 1894	German	Hermann von Helmholtz	22%
The first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the Sun to another star by the method of parallax. Certain important mathematical functions were first studied systematically by him and were named after him in his honor.	1784 - 1846	German	Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel	20%
He made important contributions in many areas of physics, including quantum theory, the theory of radiation and stellar evolution.	1877 - 1946	English	James Jeans	20%
Major contributions in the study of the biological effects of ionizing radiation.	1896 - 1966	Swedish	Rolf Sievert	20%
Known for the a rule to approximate definite integrals.	1710 - 1761	British	Thomas Simpson	20%
Credited with being the first to produce a transuranium element, neptunium.	1907 - 1991	American	Edwin McMillan	18%
Known mostly for his discovery that water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen by volume, and for two laws related to gases,	1778 - 1850	French	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac	18%
Most famous for a theorem, which showed that the Fourier transform is unitary.	1755 - 1836	French	Marc-Antoine Parseval	18%
Worked in the areas of mathematical analysis, mathematical physics and algebra, and is known for a theorem in harmonic analysis.	1885 - 1967	Swiss	Michel Plancherel	18%
Used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce alaw, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature.	1864 - 1928	German	Wilhelm Wien	16%
Together with other prominent physicists, he created statistical mechanics (a term that he coined), explaining the laws of thermodynamics.	1839 - 1903	American	Josiah Willard Gibbs	14%
He was co-developer of a method to approximate solutions todifferential equations, in the field of what is today known as numerical analysis.	1856 - 1927	German	Carl Runge	12%
Known for his discovery of spontaneous fission and his important contribution towards crystallography and material science, for which, he was honored with many awards.	1913 - 1990	Russian	Georgy Flerov	12%
In 1829, he discovered the theorem that bears his name, and concerns real-root isolation, that is the determination of the number and the localization of the real roots of a polynomial.	1803 - 1855	French	Jacques Charles François Sturm	12%
Made important contribution in advancing the understanding of nuclear physics and computer science. He also participated in the Manhattan Project.	1909 - 1984	Polish/American	Stanisław Ulam	12%
Made important theoretical discoveries regarding energy production in stars from nuclear fusion processes.	1912 - 2007	German	Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker	10%
Developed the explicit trapezoidal rule, and worked on functions solving certain differential equations.	1859 - 1929	German	Karl Heun	10%
"On series expansions determined by the methods of least squares, and Investigations of the number of primes less than a given number."	1850 - 1916	Danish	Jørgen Pedersen Gram	8%
Worked in a number of different fields in mathematics, including number theory, complex analysis, differential geometry and topology, but also mathematical physics and astronomy.	1809 - 1882	French	Joseph Liouville	8%
Jointly discovered new findings concerning nuclear shell structure.	1906 - 1972	German/American	Maria Goeppert-Mayer	8%
"Let N be the largest positive integer. If N>1, then N^2>N, contradicting the definition of N. Hence N = 1."	1880 - 1975	German	Oskar Perron	8%
Together with another notable mathematician he made important contributions to functional analysis.	1876 - 1959	Baltic/German	Erhard Schmidt	6%
He co-developed a method, used to solve ordinary differential equations numerically	1867 - 1944	German	Martin Kutta	6%
Worked mainly on algebraic invariants, and geometry.	1811 - 1874	German	Otto Hesse	6%
Made contributions to mathematical analysis and differentialgeometry, as well as number theory, algebras with involution and classical mechanics.	1832 - 1903	German	Rudolf Lipschitz	6%
Known for the famous determinantal identities governing elliptic functions, and for developing the theory of biquadratic forms.	1849 - 1917	German	Ferdinand Georg Frobenius	4%
Invented a new technique for solving differential equations,independently developed vector calculus, and rewrote Maxwell's equations in the form commonly used today.	1850 - 1925	British	Oliver Heaviside	4%
His 1867 exposition on complex numbers and quaternions is particularly memorable.	1839 - 1873	German	Hermann Hankel	2%
He applied his type of matrix decomposition to solve the normal equations arising in least squares problems.	1875 - 1918	French	André-Louis Cholesky	0%

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