|
Country
|
|
Party
|
|
Symbol
|
|
Year(s)
|
|
Leader
|
|
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
|
|
People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
|
|
|
|
1978-1979
|
|
Nur Muhammad Taraki
|
|
1979
|
|
Hafizullah Amin
|
|
1979-1986
|
|
Babrak Karmal
|
|
Republic of Afghanistan
|
|
1986-1992
|
|
Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai
|
|
People's Socialist Republic of Albania
|
|
Party of Labour of Albania
|
|
|
|
1944-1985
|
|
Enver Hoxha
|
|
1985-1992
|
|
Ramiz Alia
|
|
Algeria
|
|
National Liberation Front
|
|
|
|
1958-1961 1962-1963
|
|
Ferhat Abbas
|
|
1961-1962
|
|
Benyoucef Benkhedda
|
|
1962-1962
|
|
Abderrahmane Farès
|
|
1963-1965
|
|
Ahmed Ben Bella
|
|
1965-1978
|
|
Houari Boumédiène
|
|
1978-1979
|
|
Rabah Bitat
|
|
1979-1988
|
|
Chadli Bendjedid
|
|
Party of the Socialist Revolution
|
|
|
|
1992-1992
|
|
Mohamed Boudiaf
|
|
People's Republic of Angola
|
|
People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
|
|
|
|
1975-1979
|
|
Agostinho Neto
|
|
1979-1990
|
|
José Eduardo dos Santos
|
|
Democratic People's Republic of Angola
|
|
UNITA
|
|
|
|
1979-1992
|
|
Jonas Savimbi
|
|
Armenia
|
|
Armenian Revolutionary Federation
|
|
|
|
1918-1919
|
|
Hovhannes Kajaznuni
|
|
1919-1920
|
|
Alexander Khatisian
|
|
1920
|
|
Hamo Ohanjanyan
|
|
Simon Vratsian
|
|
Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia
|
|
Communist Party of Armenia
|
|
|
|
1920-1921
|
|
Gevorg Sargisovich Alikhanian
|
|
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
|
|
|
|
1921-1922
|
|
Askanaz Mravian
|
|
Sovereign Council of Asturias and León
|
|
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
|
|
|
|
1936-1937
|
|
Belarmino Tomás
|
|
Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic
|
|
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
|
|
|
|
1920
|
|
Mirzə Davud Hüseynov
|
|
Viktor Naneyşvili
|
|
Yelena Stasova
|
|
Vladimir Dumbadze
|
|
1920-1921
|
|
Qriqori Kaminski
|
|
Azerbaijan Communist Party
|
|
|
|
1921-1922
|
|
Sergey Kirov
|
|
Azerbaijan People's Government
|
|
Azerbaijani Democratic Party
|
|
|
|
1945-1946
|
|
Seyid Cəfər Pişəvəri
|
|
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
|
|
Azerbaijan Communist Party
|
|
|
|
1989-1990
|
|
Əbdürrəhman Vəzirov
|
|
1990-1991
|
|
Ayaz Mütəllibov
|
|
Bangladesh
|
|
Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
|
|
|
|
1975
|
|
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
|
|
Belarusian People's Republic
|
|
Communist Party of Byelorussia
|
|
|
|
1919
|
|
Alexander Miasnikian
|
|
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
|
|
1920-1922
|
|
Vilhelm Knorin
|
|
People's Republic of Benin
|
|
People's Revolutionary Party of Benin
|
|
|
|
1974-1989
|
|
Mathieu Kérékou
|
|
Bolivia
|
|
Military (Socialist)
|
|
|
|
1936-1937
|
|
David Toro
|
|
1937-1939
|
|
Germán Busch
|
|
Movement for Socialism
|
|
|
|
2006-2019
|
|
Evo Morales
|
|
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic
|
|
Communist Party of Bukhara
|
|
|
|
1920-1923
|
|
Fayzulla Xoʻjayev
|
|
1923-1924
|
|
Abdulqodir Muxitdinov
|
|
People's Republic of Bulgaria
|
|
Bulgarian Communist Party
|
|
|
|
1948-1949
|
|
Georgi Dimitrov
|
|
1949-1954
|
|
Valko Chervenkov
|
|
1954-1989
|
|
Todor Zhivkov
|
|
1989-1990
|
|
Petr Mladenov
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
|
Revolutionary Military Organization / Popular Revolutionary Tribunal / Revolutionary Defence Committee
|
|
|
|
1983-1987
|
|
Thomas Sankara
|
|
Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration
|
|
|
|
2022-Now
|
|
Ibrahim Traoré
|
|
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
|
|
Burma Socialist Programme Party
|
|
|
|
1962-1988
|
|
Ne Win
|
|
1988
|
|
Sein Lwin
|
|
Maung Maung
|
|
Cabo Verde
|
|
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cabo Verde
|
|
|
|
1975-1981
|
|
Aristides Pereira
|
|
African Party for the Independence of Cabo Verde
|
|
|
|
1981-1990
|
|
State of Cambodia
|
|
Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
|
|
|
|
1989-1991
|
|
Hun Sen
|
|
Chad
|
|
Chadian Progressive Party
|
|
|
|
1960-1975
|
|
François Tombalbaye
|
|
FROLINAT
|
|
|
|
1979 1979-1982
|
|
Goukouni Oueddei
|
|
Socialist Republic of Chile
|
|
Socialist Party of Chile
|
|
|
|
1932
|
|
Carlos Dávila
|
|
Chile
|
|
1970-1973
|
|
Salvador Allende
|
|
Soviet Zone Revolutionary Base Areas
|
|
Communist Party of China
|
|
|
|
1927-1931
|
|
Mao Zedong
|
|
Chinese Soviet Republic
|
|
|
|
1931-1937
|
|
Shaan–Gan–Ning Border Region
|
|
|
|
1937-1949
|
|
Lín Bóqú
|
|
China
|
|
|
|
1949-1976
|
|
Mao Zedong
|
|
1976-1978
|
|
Hua Guofeng
|
|
1978-1989
|
|
Deng Xiaoping
|
|
1989-2002
|
|
Jiang Zemin
|
|
2002-2012
|
|
Hu Jintao
|
|
2012-Now
|
|
Xi Jinping
|
|
Chita Republic
|
|
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
|
|
|
|
1905-1906
|
|
Anton Kostiushko-Voliuzhanich & Ivan Babushkin & Viktor Kurnatovsky
|
|
Colombia
|
|
Colombia Humana
|
|
|
|
2022-Now
|
|
Gustavo Petro
|
|
State of the Comoros
|
|
Democratic Rally of the Comorian People
|
|
|
|
1975-1976
|
|
Ali Soilih
|
|
Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
|
|
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
|
|
|
|
1919
|
|
Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov
|
|
Cuba
|
|
Communist Party of Cuba
|
|
|
|
1959-2008
|
|
Fidel Castro
|
|
2008-2021
|
|
Raúl Castro
|
|
2021-Now
|
|
Miguel Díaz-Canel
|
|
Cyprus
|
|
Progressive Party of Working People
|
|
|
|
2008-2013
|
|
Demetris Christofias
|
|
Czechoslovakia
|
|
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
|
|
|
|
1946-1953
|
|
Klement Gottwald
|
|
1953-1968
|
|
Antonín Novotný
|
|
1968-1969
|
|
Alexander Dubček
|
|
1969-1987
|
|
Gustáv Husák
|
|
1987-1989
|
|
Miloš Jakeš
|
|
1989
|
|
Karel Urbánek
|
|
Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
|
|
Democratic Union Party
|
|
|
|
2016-Now
|
|
Îlham Ehmed & Mansur Selum
|
|
Djibouti
|
|
People's Rally for Progress
|
|
|
|
1981-1992
|
|
Hassan Gouled Aptidon
|
|
Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
|
|
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)
|
|
|
|
1918
|
|
Fyodor Sergeyev
|
|
Ecuador
|
|
PAIS Alliance
|
|
|
|
2007-2017
|
|
Rafael Correa
|
|
2017-2018
|
|
Lenín Moreno
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea
|
|
|
|
1968-1970
|
|
Francisco Macías Nguema (Masie Nguema Biyogo Ñegue)
|
|
United National Workers' Party
|
|
|
|
1970-1979
|
|
Francisco Macías Nguema (Masie Nguema Biyogo Ñegue)
|
|
Eritrea
|
|
Eritrean People's Liberation Front
|
|
|
|
1991-1993
|
|
Isaias Afwerki
|
|
Commune of the Working People of Estonia
|
|
All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
|
|
|
|
1918-1919
|
|
Jaan Anvelt
|
|
Derg
|
|
Provisional Military Administrative Council
|
|
|
|
1974
|
|
Aman Andom
|
|
Provisional Military Administrative Council / Workers' Party of Ethiopia
|
|
|
|
1974 1977-1987
|
|
Mengistu Haile Mariam
|
|
Provisional Military Administrative Council
|
|
|
|
1974-1977
|
|
Tafari Benti
|
|
People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|
|
Workers' Party of Ethiopia
|
|
|
|
1987-1991
|
|
Mengistu Haile Mariam
|
|
Far Eastern Republic
|
|
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
|
|
|
|
1920-1921
|
|
Alexander Krasnoshchyokov
|
|
1921-1922
|
|
Nikolay Matveyev
|
|
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
|
|
Communist Party of Finland
|
|
|
|
1918
|
|
Kullervo Manner
|
|
Finland
|
|
Finnish People's Democratic League
|
|
|
|
1946-1948
|
|
Mauno Pekkala
|
|
Finnish Democratic Republic
|
|
Communist Party of Finland
|
|
|
|
1939-1940
|
|
Otto Wille Kuusinen
|
|
Maquis of Fizi
|
|
Party of the People's Revolution
|
|
|
|
1967-1986
|
|
Laurent-Désiré Kabila
|
|
France
|
|
French Section of the Workers' International
|
|
|
|
1946
|
|
Félix Gouin
|
|
1946 1947-1954
|
|
Vincent Auriol
|
|
1946-1947
|
|
Léon Blum
|
|
Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
|
|
Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
|
|
|
|
1920
|
|
Volodymyr Zatonsky
|
|
Gambia
|
|
Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party
|
|
|
|
1981
|
|
Kukoi Sanyang
|
|
German Democratic Republic
|
|
Socialist Unity Party of Germany
|
|
|
|
1949-1950
|
|
Otto Grotewohl
|
|
1950-1971
|
|
Walter Ulbricht
|
|
1971-1989
|
|
Erich Honecker
|
|
1989
|
|
Egon Krenz
|
|
Democratic Republic of Georgia
|
|
Georgian Menshevik Party
|
|
|
|
1918
|
|
Noe Ramishvili
|
|
1918-1921
|
|
Noe Zhordania
|
|
Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia
|
|
Communist Party of Georgia
|
|
|
|
1921-1922
|
|
Polikarp Mdivani
|
|
Ghana
|
|
Convention People's Party
|
|
|
|
1960-1966
|
|
Kwame Nkrumah
|
|
People's National Party
|
|
|
|
1979-1981
|
|
Hilla Limann
|
|
Political Committee of National Liberation
|
|
Communist Party of Greece
|
|
|
|
1944
|
|
Evripidis Bakirtzis
|
|
Socialist Party of Greece
|
|
|
|
Alexandros Svolos
|
|
Provisional Democratic Government
|
|
Communist Party of Greece
|
|
|
|
1947-1949
|
|
Markos Vafeiadis
|
|
1949-1950
|
|
Dimitrios Partsalidis
|
|
People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada
|
|
New JEWEL Movement
|
|
|
|
1979-1983
|
|
Maurice Bishop
|
|
1983
|
|
Bernard Coard
|
|
Revolutionary Military Council of Grenada
|
|
Hudson Austin
|
|
Guinea
|
|
Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally
|
|
|
|
1958-1984
|
|
Ahmed Sékou Touré
|
|
1984
|
|
Louis Lansana Beavogui
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
|
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
|
|
|
|
1973-1980 1984-1991
|
|
Luís Cabral
|
|
1980-1984
|
|
João Bernardo Vieira
|
|
1984
|
|
Carmen Pereira
|
|
Gurian Republic
|
|
Georgian Menshevik Party
|
|
|
|
1902-1906
|
|
Beniamin Chkhikvishvili
|
|
Guyana
|
|
People's National Congress
|
|
|
|
1969-1985
|
|
Forbes Burnham
|
|
People's National Congress
|
|
1985-1987
|
|
Desmond Hoyte
|
|
People's Progressive Party/Civic
|
|
|
|
1992-1997
|
|
Cheddi Jagan
|
|
People's Progressive Party/Civic
|
|
1997
|
|
Sam Hinds
|
|
People's Progressive Party/Civic
|
|
1997-1999
|
|
Janet Jagan
|
|
Honduras
|
|
Libertad y Refundación
|
|
|
|
2022-2026
|
|
Xiomara Castro
|
|
Hungarian Soviet Republic
|
|
Party of Communists in Hungary
|
|
|
|
1919
|
|
Kun Béla
|
|
Hungarian Republic
|
|
Hungarian Communist Party
|
|
|
|
1946 1947-1948
|
|
Rákosi Mátyás
|
|
Hungarian People's Republic
|
|
Hungarian Working People's Party
|
|
|
|
1948-1956
|
|
Rákosi Mátyás
|
|
Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
|
|
|
|
1956
|
|
Gerő Ernő
|
|
1956-1988
|
|
Kádár János
|
|
1988-1989
|
|
Grósz Károly
|
|
1989
|
|
Nyers Rezső
|
|
India
|
|
Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
|
|
|
|
1990-1991
|
|
Chandra Shekhar
|
|
Indonesia
|
|
Independent (Nasakom) / Indonesian National Party
|
|
|
|
1945-1967
|
|
Sukarno
|
|
Inner Mongolian People's Republic
|
|
Mongolian Youth Revolutionary Party
|
|
|
|
1945
|
|
Bayan Dalai
|
|
Iranian Soviet Socialist Republic
|
|
Jangal Movement of Gilan
|
|
|
|
1920 1921
|
|
Mirza Kuchik Khan
|
|
Ehsanollah Khan Dustdar
|
|
Iraq
|
|
Iraqi Communist Party
|
|
|
|
1958-1963
|
|
Abdul-Karim Qasim
|
|
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
|
|
|
|
1963
|
|
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
|
|
Iraqi Arab Socialist Union
|
|
|
|
1963-1966 1966-1968
|
|
Abdul Salam Arif
|
|
1966
|
|
Abdul-Rahman al-Bazzaz
|
|
Iskolats
|
|
Communist Party of Latvia
|
|
|
|
1917
|
|
Oto Kārkliņš
|
|
1918
|
|
Fricis Roziņš
|
|
Democratic Kampuchea
|
|
Communist Party of Kampuchea
|
|
|
|
1975-1979
|
|
Pol Pot
|
|
People's Republic of Kampuchea
|
|
Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
|
|
|
|
1979-1981
|
|
Pen Sovan
|
|
1981-1984
|
|
Chan Sy
|
|
1984-1989
|
|
Hun Sen
|
|
Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
|
|
Communist Party of Khorezm
|
|
|
|
1920
|
|
Mulla Dzhumaniyaz Sultanmuradov
|
|
1920-1921
|
|
Palvanniyaz Khodja Yusupov
|
|
1921
|
|
Dzhabbarbergen Kuchkarov
|
|
Madrakhim Allabergenov
|
|
Mulla Ata-Maksum Madrakhimov
|
|
1921-1922
|
|
Yangibay Muradov
|
|
1922 1923
|
|
Abdulla Khodzhayev "Khadzhi Baba"
|
|
1922-1923
|
|
Atadzhan Safayev
|
|
1923-1924
|
|
Karim Safayev
|
|
1924
|
|
Mukhamed Abdusalyamov
|
|
Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov
|
|
Nedirbay Aytakov
|
|
Laos
|
|
Lao People's Revolutionary Party
|
|
|
|
1975-1992
|
|
Kaysone Phomvihane
|
|
1992-2006
|
|
Khamtai Siphandone
|
|
2006-2016
|
|
Choummaly Sayasone
|
|
2016-2021
|
|
Bounnhang Vorachit
|
|
2021-Now
|
|
Thongloun Sisoulith
|
|
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
|
|
All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
|
|
|
|
1918-1920
|
|
Pēteris Stučka
|
|
Latvia
|
|
Communist Party of Latvia
|
|
|
|
1940
|
|
Augusts Kirhenšteins
|
|
Lesotho
|
|
Basutoland Congress Party
|
|
|
|
1993-1994 1994-1997
|
|
Ntsu Mokhehle
|
|
Libyan Arab Republic
|
|
Free Officers Movement
|
|
|
|
1969-1971
|
|
Mu'ammar Qaḏḏāfī
|
|
Libyan Arab Socialist Union
|
|
|
|
1971-1977
|
|
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
|
Third International Theory / Jamahiriya
|
|
|
|
1977-2011
|
|
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
|
|
Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia
|
|
|
|
1919-1920
|
|
Kazimierz Cichowski
|
|
Republic of Lithuania
|
|
Communist Party of Lithuania
|
|
|
|
1940
|
|
Justas Paleckis
|
|
Democratic Republic of Madagascar
|
|
Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution
|
|
|
|
1975-1992
|
|
Didier Ratsiraka
|
|
Republic of Mahabad
|
|
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
|
|
|
|
1946
|
|
Qazî Mihemed
|
|
Makhnovshchina
|
|
Makhnovtsi
|
|
|
|
1918-1921
|
|
Nestor Makhno
|
|
Mali
|
|
Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally
|
|
|
|
1960-1968
|
|
Modibo Keïta
|
|
Mauritania
|
|
Mauritanian People's Party
|
|
|
|
1961-1978
|
|
Moktar Ould Dāddāh
|
|
Moldova
|
|
Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
|
|
|
|
2001-2008
|
|
Vasile Tarlev
|
|
2008-2009
|
|
Zinaida Greceanîi
|
|
2009
|
|
Vitalie Pîrlog
|
|
Provisional People's Government of Mongolia
|
|
Mongolian People's Party
|
|
|
|
1921
|
|
Dambyn Chagdarjav
|
|
1921-1922
|
|
Dogsomiin Bodoo
|
|
1922-1923
|
|
Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar
|
|
1923-1924
|
|
Balingiin Tserendorj
|
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Mongolian People's Republic
|
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Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
|
|
|
|
1924-1928
|
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Balingiin Tserendorj
|
|
1928-1930 1936-1939
|
|
Anandyn Amar
|
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1930-1932
|
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Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav
|
|
1932-1936
|
|
Peljidiin Genden
|
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1939-1952
|
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Khorloogiin Choibalsan
|
|
1952-1984
|
|
Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
|
|
1984-1990
|
|
Jambyn Batmönkh
|
|
People's Republic of Mozambique
|
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FRELIMO
|
|
|
|
1975-1986
|
|
Samora Machel
|
|
1986-1989
|
|
Joaquim Chissano
|
|
Namibia
|
|
SWAPO
|
|
|
|
2017-2024
|
|
Hage Geingob
|
|
2024-2025
|
|
Nangolo Mbumba
|
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2025-Now
|
|
Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah
|
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Kingdom of Nepal
|
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Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
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1994-1995
|
|
Man Mohan Adhikari
|
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Nepal
|
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Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
|
|
|
|
2008-2009 2016-2017 2022-2024
|
|
Pushpa Kamal Dahal
|
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Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
|
|
|
|
2009-2011
|
|
Madhav Kumar Nepal
|
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2011
|
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Jhala Nath Khanal
|
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Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
|
|
|
|
2011-2013
|
|
Baburam Bhattarai
|
|
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
|
|
|
|
2015-2016 2018-2021 2024-2025
|
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KP Sharma Oli
|
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Nicaragua
|
|
Sandinista National Liberation Front
|
|
|
|
1979-1990 2007-Now
|
|
Daniel Ortega
|
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2025-Now
|
|
Rosario Murillo
|
|
Soviet Civil Administration in Korea
|
|
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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|
|
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1945-1946
|
|
Terentii Shtykov
|
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Provisional People's Committee of North Korea
|
|
Communist Party of Korea
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|
|
|
1946
|
|
Kim Il-sung
|
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(Provisional) (People's Committee of) North Korea
|
|
Workers' Party of North Korea
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|
|
|
1946-1949
|
|
North Korea
|
|
Workers' Party of Korea
|
|
|
|
1949-1994
|
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1994-2011
|
|
Kim Jong-il
|
|
2011-Now
|
|
Kim Jong-un
|
|
Odessa Soviet Republic
|
|
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)
|
|
|
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1918
|
|
Vladimir Yudovsky
|
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Pakistan
|
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Pakistan People's Party
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|
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1971-1977
|
|
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
|
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1996-1997
|
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Malik Meraj Khalid
|
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Palestine
|
|
Fatah
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|
|
|
1989-2004
|
|
Yasser Arafat
|
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Peru
|
|
Peruvian Nationalist Party
|
|
|
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2011-2013
|
|
Ollanta Humala
|
|
Perú Libre
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|
|
|
2021-2022
|
|
Pedro Castillo
|
|
Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland
|
|
Polish Socialist Party
|
|
|
|
1918
|
|
Ignacy Daszyński
|
|
Poland
|
|
1918-1919
|
|
Jędrzej Moraczewski
|
|
Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland / Government of National Unity / Polish People's Republic
|
|
Polish Workers' Party
|
|
|
|
1944-1947 1947-1948
|
|
Bolesław Bierut
|
|
Polish People's Republic
|
|
1947
|
|
Franciszek Trąbalski
|
|
Władysław Kowalski
|
|
Polish United Workers' Party
|
|
|
|
1948-1952
|
|
Bolesław Bierut
|
|
1956
|
|
Edward Ochab
|
|
1956-1970
|
|
Władysław Gomułka
|
|
1970-1980
|
|
Edward Gierek
|
|
1980-1981
|
|
Stanisław Kania
|
|
1981-1989
|
|
Wojciech Jaruzelski
|
|
Portugal
|
|
Democratic Leftwing Republican Party
|
|
|
|
1924-1925
|
|
José Domingues dos Santos
|
|
Republic of the Congo
|
|
National Movement of the Revolution
|
|
|
|
1963-1968
|
|
Alphonse Massamba-Débat
|
|
1968-1969
|
|
Alfred Raoul
|
|
People's Republic of the Congo
|
|
Congolese Party of Labour
|
|
|
|
1969-1977
|
|
Marien Ngouabi
|
|
1977-1979
|
|
Joachim Yhombi-Opango
|
|
1979
|
|
Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya
|
|
1979-1991
|
|
Denis Sassou Nguesso
|
|
Kingdom of Romania
|
|
Ploughmen's Front
|
|
|
|
1945-1947
|
|
Petru Groza
|
|
Romanian People's Republic
|
|
Romanian Workers' Party
|
|
|
|
1947-1965
|
|
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
|
|
Socialist Republic of Romania
|
|
Romanian Communist Party
|
|
|
|
1965-1989
|
|
Nicolae Ceaușescu
|
|
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
|
|
Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
|
|
|
|
1917-1922
|
|
Vladimir Lenin
|
|
San Marino
|
|
Sammarinese Socialist Party
|
|
|
|
1945-1957
|
|
Gino Giacomini
|
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
|
Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe
|
|
|
|
1975-1990
|
|
Manuel Pinto da Costa
|
|
Senegal
|
|
Socialist Party of Senegal
|
|
|
|
1960-1980
|
|
Léopold Sédar Senghor
|
|
PASTEF
|
|
|
|
2024-Now
|
|
Bassirou Diomaye Faye
|
|
Kingdom of Serbia
|
|
People's Radical Party
|
|
|
|
1888 1889-1891 1893-1894 1906
|
|
Sava Grujić
|
|
1891-1892 1904-1905 1906-1908 1909-1911
|
|
Nikola Pašić
|
|
1893
|
|
Lazar Dokić
|
|
1894 1896-1897
|
|
Đorđe Simić
|
|
1894
|
|
Svetomir Nikolajević
|
|
1901-1902
|
|
Mihailo V. Vujić
|
|
1902 1908-1909
|
|
Petar Velimirović
|
|
Seychelles
|
|
Seychelles People's Progressive Front
|
|
|
|
1977-1991
|
|
France-Albert René
|
|
Slovak Soviet Republic
|
|
Party of Communists in Hungary
|
|
|
|
1919
|
|
Antonín Janoušek
|
|
Somali Democratic Republic
|
|
Supreme Revolutionary Council
|
|
|
|
1969-1976
|
|
Maxamed Siyaad Barre
|
|
Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
|
|
|
|
1976-1991
|
|
South Ossetia
|
|
South Ossetian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia
|
|
|
|
1991-1992
|
|
Znaur Gassiyev
|
|
Soviet Manchuria
|
|
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
|
|
|
|
1945-1946
|
|
Rodion Malinovskyi
|
|
Soviet Union
|
|
1922-1924
|
|
Vladimir Lenin
|
|
1924-1953
|
|
Joseph Stalin
|
|
1953
|
|
Georgy Malenkov
|
|
1953-1964
|
|
Nikita Khrushchev
|
|
1964-1982
|
|
Leonid Brezhnev
|
|
1982-1984
|
|
Yuri Andropov
|
|
1984-1985
|
|
Konstantin Chernenko
|
|
1985-1991
|
|
Mikhail Gorbachev
|
|
Spain
|
|
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
|
|
|
|
1936-1937
|
|
Francisco Largo Caballero
|
|
1937-1939
|
|
Juan Negrín
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
|
|
|
|
2024-Now
|
|
Anura Kumara Dissanayake
|
|
Democratic Republic of the Sudan
|
|
Sudanese Socialist Union
|
|
|
|
1969-1985
|
|
Gaafar Nimeiry
|
|
Suriname
|
|
National Military Council
|
|
|
|
1980-1983
|
|
Dési Bouterse
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
|
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party - Syria Region
|
|
|
|
1963
|
|
Ba'athist Military Committee
|
|
Syrian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
|
|
|
|
1963-1966
|
|
Amin al-Hafiz
|
|
1966-1970
|
|
Salah Jadid
|
|
1970-2000
|
|
Hafez al-Assad
|
|
2000
|
|
Abdul Halim Khaddam
|
|
2000-2024
|
|
Bashar al-Assad
|
|
Tajikistan
|
|
Communist Party of Tajikistan
|
|
|
|
1991 1991-1992
|
|
Rahmon Nabiyev
|
|
1991 1992
|
|
Akbarsho Iskandarov
|
|
Tanganyika / Tanzania
|
|
Tanganyika African National Union
|
|
|
|
1962-1977
|
|
Julius Nyerere
|
|
Tanzania
|
|
Chama Cha Mapinduzi
|
|
|
|
1977-1985
|
|
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
|
|
Fretilin
|
|
|
|
1975
|
|
Francisco Xavier do Amaral
|
|
1975-1978
|
|
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato
|
|
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
|
|
Georgian Menshevik Party
|
|
|
|
1918
|
|
Akaki Chkhenkeli
|
|
Tunisia
|
|
Socialist Destourian Party
|
|
|
|
1964-1969
|
|
Habib Bourguiba
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
Communist Party of Turkmenistan
|
|
|
|
1990-1991
|
|
Saparmurat Niyazov
|
|
Tannu Tuvan People's Republic
|
|
Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
|
|
|
|
1921-1922
|
|
Mongush Nimachap
|
|
1922-1923
|
|
Maady Lopsan-Osur
|
|
1923-1924
|
|
Oyun Kyursedi
|
|
1924-1926
|
|
Shagdyr
|
|
Tuvan People's Republic
|
|
1926-1927
|
|
Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy
|
|
1927-1929
|
|
Sodnam Balchir
|
|
1929-1932
|
|
Irgit Shagdyrzhap
|
|
1932-1944
|
|
Salchak Toka
|
|
Uganda
|
|
Uganda People's Congress
|
|
|
|
1966-1971
|
|
Milton Obote
|
|
Ukrainian People's Republic
|
|
Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party
|
|
|
|
1917 1917-1918
|
|
Volodymyr Vynnychenko
|
|
Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party
|
|
1918
|
|
Vsevolod Holubovych
|
|
Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party
|
|
1918-1919
|
|
Volodymyr Chekhivsky
|
|
1919
|
|
Borys Martos
|
|
1919-1920
|
|
Isaak Mazepa
|
|
Ukrainian Soviet Republic
|
|
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)
|
|
|
|
1918
|
|
Mykola Skrypnyk
|
|
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
|
|
Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
|
|
|
|
1919
|
|
Georgy Pyatakov
|
|
1919 1920
|
|
Stanisław Kosior
|
|
1919-1920
|
|
Rafail Farbman
|
|
1920
|
|
Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi
|
|
1920-1921
|
|
Vyacheslav Molotov
|
|
1921
|
|
Feliks Kon
|
|
1921-1922
|
|
Dmitry Manuilsky
|
|
United Arab Republic
|
|
National Union
|
|
|
|
1957-1962
|
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser
|
|
Arab Socialist Union
|
|
|
|
1962-1970
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
|
Communist Party of Uzbekistan
|
|
|
|
1990-1991
|
|
Islam Karimov
|
|
Vanuatu
|
|
Vanua'aku Pati
|
|
|
|
1980-1991
|
|
Walter Lini
|
|
1991 1998-1999
|
|
Donald Kalpokas
|
|
2001-2004 2008-2009 2009-2010 2011
|
|
Edward Natapei
|
|
2014-2015
|
|
Joe Natuman
|
|
2020-2022
|
|
Bob Loughman
|
|
Venezuela
|
|
Fifth Republic Movement
|
|
|
|
1999-2007
|
|
Hugo Chávez
|
|
United Socialist Party of Venezuela
|
|
|
|
2007-2013
|
|
Hugo Chávez
|
|
2013-2026
|
|
Nicolás Maduro
|
|
2026-Now
|
|
Delcy Rodríguez
|
|
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
|
|
Communist Party of Vietnam
|
|
|
|
1945-1969
|
|
1969-1976
|
|
Lê Duẩn
|
|
Vietnam
|
|
1976-1986
|
|
1986
|
|
Trường Chinh
|
|
1986-1991
|
|
Nguyễn Văn Linh
|
|
1991-1997
|
|
Đỗ Mười
|
|
1997-2001
|
|
Lê Khả Phiêu
|
|
2001-2011
|
|
Nông Đức Mạnh
|
|
2011-2024
|
|
Nguyễn Phú Trọng
|
|
2024-Now
|
|
Tô Lâm
|
|
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
|
|
National Liberation Front of South Vietnam
|
|
|
|
1969-1976
|
|
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
|
|
Wa State
|
|
United Wa State Party
|
|
|
|
1989-1995
|
|
Tax Cao Nyi
|
|
1995-Now
|
|
Tax Log Pang
|
|
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
|
|
Polisario
|
|
|
|
1976
|
|
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed
|
|
Mahfoud Ali Beiba
|
|
1976-2016
|
|
Mohamed Abdelaziz
|
|
2016
|
|
Khatri Addouh
|
|
2016-Now
|
|
Brahim Ghali
|
|
Xinjiang Clique
|
|
Xinjiang People's Anti-Imperialist Association
|
|
|
|
1935-1941
|
|
Sheng Shicai
|
|
Yemen Arab Republic
|
|
Military Command Council
|
|
|
|
1974-1977
|
|
Ibrahim al-Hamdi
|
|
1977-1978
|
|
Ahmad al-Ghashmi
|
|
People's Republic of Southern Yemen
|
|
National Liberation Front
|
|
|
|
1967-1969
|
|
Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi
|
|
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
|
|
1969-1978
|
|
Salim Rubaya Ali
|
|
1978
|
|
Ali Nasir Muhammad
|
|
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
|
|
Yemeni Socialist Party
|
|
|
|
1978-1980
|
|
Abdul Fattah Ismail
|
|
1980-1986
|
|
Ali Nasir Muhammad
|
|
1986-1990
|
|
Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
|
|
Democratic Republic of Yemen
|
|
1994
|
|
Ali Salim al-Beidh
|
|
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
|
|
Communist Party of Yugoslavia
|
|
|
|
1943-1945
|
|
Josip Broz Tito
|
|
Yugoslavia
|
|
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
|
|
1945-1980
|
|
League of Communists of Vojvodina
|
|
1980
|
|
Stevan Doronjski
|
|
League of Communists of Macedonia
|
|
|
|
1980-1981
|
|
Lazar Mojsov
|
|
League of Communists of Croatia
|
|
|
|
1981-1982
|
|
Dušan Dragosavac
|
|
League of Communists of Slovenia
|
|
1982-1983
|
|
Mitja Ribičič
|
|
League of Communists of Serbia
|
|
|
|
1983-1984
|
|
Dragoslav Marković
|
|
League of Communists of Kosovo
|
|
|
|
1984-1985
|
|
Ali Šukrija
|
|
League of Communists of Montenegro
|
|
1985-1986
|
|
Vidoje Žarković
|
|
League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
1986-1987
|
|
Milanko Renovica
|
|
League of Communists of Vojvodina
|
|
1987-1988
|
|
Boško Krunić
|
|
League of Communists of Croatia
|
|
1988-1989
|
|
Stipe Šuvar
|
|
League of Communists of Macedonia
|
|
|
|
1989-1990
|
|
Milan Pančevski
|
|
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
|
|
|
|
1990-1991
|
|
Ante Marković
|
|
Zambia
|
|
United National Independence Party
|
|
|
|
1964-1991
|
|
Kenneth Kaunda
|
|
People's Republic of Zanzibar
|
|
Afro-Shirazi Party
|
|
|
|
1964
|
|
Abeid Karume
|
|
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
|
|
Zapatista Army of National Liberation
|
|
|
|
1993-2014
|
|
Subcomandante Marcos
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
|
Zimbabwe African National Union
|
|
|
|
1980-1987
|
|
Robert Mugabe
|
|
Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
|
|
1987-2017
|
