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Politics: Anarchism - The Economy

This is a quiz based on how Anarchists view human nature, which is covered in the AQA A-Level Politics Specification: Max Stirner (1806-1856) Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921) Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) Emma Goldman (1869-1940)
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billyn
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Last updated: June 13, 2024
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First submittedJanuary 19, 2024
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Emma Goldman (1869-1940)
This key thinker, as a violent opponent of capitalism, was more concerned with liberty than with economic justice but was fundamentally a communist:
-She raged against virtually every enemy of individual liberty - the modern state, religion, nationalism, Marxism, capitalism, patriarchy and bigotry of any kind.
-She campaigned for the abolition of capitalism without expressing any particular preference for what could replace it.
-All she was concerned with was that no one could be free within capitalism.
-In the sense she placed herself in the tradition of 19th-century individualist anarchists.
-Henry Thoreau and Josiah Warren (1798-1874) in the US both advocated a withdrawal of the individual from the capitalist world - rather than selling their labour to capitalist employers, people could obtain their freedom both from the state and from the economic system.
Josiah Warren (1798-1874)
 
Robert Nozick (1938-2002)
 
Answer
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Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876)
This key thinker argues the market system of exchange was to be abolished and replaced by exchange based on the true value of labour and goods:
-In his early life his ideas were close to those of Marx - he opposed capitalism and the existence of private property, seeing them both as oppressive.
-Furthermore, he agreed with the Marxists that the state was the agent of capitalism - therefore both capitalism and the state had to be abolished.
-He saw the 1871 Paris Commune as an anarchist revolt, aiming to replace the oppressive state with a commune where there was to be common ownership of property, economic equality and direct democracy in place of political rule.
-His visions of an ordered society, based on the laws of nature, were known as federalism.
-He saw groups of workers or peasants joining together (spontaneously) in voluntary communities of any size.
-As long as people group themselves in such communes, with common ownership of property and equal distribution of rewards on a voluntary basis, there is no coercion.
-The relationships between these communes or federations were to be conducted on the basis of mutual benefit.
-There was to be no capitalist market system, which would promote inequality, but rather a system of free negotiation and exchange on the basis of the true value of goods and services.
-He saw no contradiction between economic freedom and collective ownership.
Lysander Spooner (1808-1887)
 
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