Biochemistry - Key Terms

Vmax/Enzyme concentration

A reaction pathway which continues in a cycle, producing by products

Substrate concentration for half Vmax (i.e. 50% maximal rate, expressed as concentration)

What occurs from different genes generating different proteins?

Inhibitors which do not change the structure of the enzyme and bind to the active or regulatory domains.

If two enzymes (1: Low Km, 2: High Km) at a metabolic branch point are competing for the same substrate, which one will preferably bind to the substrate?

Inhibitors which bind at the active site using a covalent bond and denature the enzyme permanently.

What would adding more substrate do to a reaction speed?

What influences the concentration of an enzyme in a cell, which can be altered depending on the availability of substrate.

Which type of regulation involves regulator molecules binding (reversibly) to regulatory sites on an enzyme and influencing the binding of substrates to the active site (in a positive or negative manner).

What occurs from a single gene but resulting from PTMs/splice variants etc

Amount of enzyme which converts 1mole of S to P per min

Enzymatic reaction where 2 molecules are joined together but water is not eliminated, can also happen across a double bond

Name for the chemicals on the left side of a reaction

Reusable biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions

Name for the chemicals on the right side of a reaction

Reaction involving the changing of position of atoms and functional groups in a molecule

Reaction involving transfer of a functional group to a substrate

Which enzyme group adds phosphate groups?

Enzyme activity per mg of protein (measures purity)

Enzymatic reaction where 2 molecules are joined with the loss of water

Which method do eukaryotic cells use utilizing organelles to create specialised areas within the cell?

Reaction involving replacement of one group with another

Enzymatic reaction where a molecule can be split (includes hydrolysis)

Chemical modification to the enzyme to increase/decrease activity (e.g phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation)

Forward and reverse reactions create kinetic ________

Which enzyme removes phosphate groups?

Maximal rate at substrate saturation (expressed as rate of substrate conversion)

A reaction pathway which continues in a straight path

What is the most common covalent modification, which occurs often at Ser/Thr/Tyr residues?

Dual oxidation and reduction reactions normally involving Co-Enzymes

A reaction pathway which splits

Amount of enzyme which converts 1umol of S to P per minute