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Heart anatomy and physiology
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Last updated: February 29, 2024
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| First submitted | February 29, 2024 |
| Times taken | 195 |
| Average score | 31.8% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1. Where is the heart within the Thorax?
In the centre
To the left
To The right
In the top left
2. What is the outer layer of heart tissue called, which protects the heart?
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
3. What is the approximate length and mass of a human heart?
15cm/100g
30cm/100g
15cm/300g
30cm/300g
4. What is the average heart stroke volume?
10ml
45ml
70ml
95ml
5. What 2 values do you multiply to work out the Cardiac output?
Stroke volume and heart mass
Heart rate and heart mass
Heart rate and stroke volume
Stroke volume and residual capacity
6. What does the cardiac reserve represent?
Number of heart beats per minute
The difference between resting and maximum cardiac output
The amount of blood that can be in the heart at one time
The amount of blood pumped by the heart during each beat
7. Which side of the heart has a thicker muscle wall?
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Both are the same
There is no muscle around the ventricles, only the atria
8. What is the name of the heart muscle?
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
9. What is the name of the tissue which lines heart chambers?
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
10. Which valve is between the Right Atria and Right Ventricle?
Aortic
Pulmonary/Pulmonic
Tricuspid
Bicuspid/Mitral
11. Which valve is between the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Trunk?
Aortic
Pulmonary/Pulmonic
Tricuspid
Bicuspid/Mitral
12. Which valve is between the Left Atria and Left Ventricle?
Aortic
Pulmonary/Pulmonic
Tricuspid
Bicuspid/Mitral
13. Which Valve is between the Left Ventricle and Aorta?
Aortic
Pulmonary/Pulmonic
Tricuspid
Bicuspid/Mitral
14. Which muscles are the heart valves connected to, and in what phase do they contract?
Papillary, Systole
Papillary, Diastole
Vena Cava, Systole
Vena Cava, Diastole
15. What is the sound S1?
Blood rushing through the ventricles during ventricular systole
Closing of semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole
Closing of AV valves at the start of ventricular systole
Muscles in the heart contracting during ventricular systole
16. What is the sound S2?
Blood rushing through the ventricles during ventricular systole
Closing of semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole
Closing of AV valves at the start of ventricular systole
Muscles in the heart contracting during ventricular diastole
17. The release of what ion triggers contraction of cardiac muscle?
Potassium
Calcium
Iron
Sodium
18. What do actin and myosin do in cardiac muscle?
React with potassium to fuel heart contraction
Expand and Contract
Contribute to ATP hydrolysis
Slide past each other
19. What triggers release in the sliding filament mechanism?
ATP Binding
Potassium Binding
ATP Hydrolysis
ADP Dissociation
20. What causes conformational change in the sliding filament mechanism?
ATP Binding
Phosphate Dissociation
ADP Dissociation
ATP Hydrolysis
21. What causes rebinding in the sliding filament mechanism?
Phosphate dissociation
ATP Hydrolysis
Potassium binding
ADP Hydrolysis
22. What causes power stroke in the sliding filament mechanism?
Phosphate dissociation
Potassium Binding
ADP Dissociation
ATP Hydrolysis
23. What proteins prevent the interaction of actin and myosin?
Myoglobin and Myoglomyosin
Troponin and Tropomyosin
NCX1 and NCX2
Globin and Myosoglobin
24. Which ion binds to the above proteins causing conformational change and the interaction of actin and myosin?
Potassium
Sodium
Iron
Calcium
25. Which of the 7 heart phases are systole?
First 3
First 4
Last 3
Middle 3
26. What triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum after trigger calcium is received from another source?
Transverse Tubules
Ryanodine Receptors
Mitochondrion
Myofibril
27. What is the source of the trigger calcium?
Diads
Ryanodine Receptors
Extracellular space through L type channels
From Actin and Myosin through the intracellular matrix
28. What does the calcium interact with, what does it cause, and what does it uncover?
TN-C, TN-I, Myosin binding site on actin
TN-I, TN-C, Actin binding site on Myosin
TN-A, TN-B, Myosin Binding site on Actin
TN-B, TN-A, Actin Binding site on Myosin
29. What happens to the calcium in the cell after this?
It is reabsorbed into the SR and then removed from the cell
It binds to the uncovered binding site
It is transported directly into other cells
It goes into the mitochondria
30. What happens as the concentration of calcium decreases?
It causes an increase in ATP hydrolysis
It causes phosphates to start binding to key sites
It dissociates with the site it originally bound to
It causes the cell to lyse
31. Which method asides from the Ca pump is calcium removed from cells?
K/Ca exchanger
Fe/Ca exchanger
L type channels
Na/Ca exchanger
32. What regulates electrical activity in the heart?
The brain stem
Concentration change
Nerves in the heart
The superior vena cava
33. What is the Nernst potential?
Voltage required to promote activity in the whole heart
Voltage required to stop flow of ions to due concentration gradient
Highest potential voltage a heart can take without damage
Lowest potential voltage a heart can use to function normally
34. Which 3 pumps are used to regulate concentration of ions?
Na/K, K/Ca. ATPase/Ca
Na/Ca, Na/K, ATPase/Ca
Na/K, Na/ATPase, Ca/K
Ca/Na, Ca/K, Ca/ATPase
35. What does inotropy mean?
velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
contraction frequency
strength of contraction
increased heart rate
36. What does chronotropy mean?
strength of contraction
velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
decreased heart rate
contraction frequency
37. What does tachycardia mean?
velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
increased heart rate
decreased heart rate
strength of contraction
38. What does bradycardia mean?
decreased heart rate
myocardial relaxation
velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
increased heart rate
39. What does lusitropy mean?
myocardial relaxation
velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
myocardial excitability
contraction frequency
40. What does bathmotropy mean?
strength of contraction
myocardial excitability
velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
myocardial relaxation
41. What is the Frank Starling mechanism?
The more the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole, the lesser the stroke volume
The less the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole, the greater the stroke volume
The more the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole, the greater the stroke volume
The less the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole, the greater the cardiac output
42. What is the preload?
Stretch of cardiac muscle during diastole
Amount of blood that can fit into the right ventricle
Stretch of heart muscle during systole
Amount of blood that can fit into the left ventricle
43. What is afterload
Stretch of heart muscle during systole
The amount of blood the heart pumps per beat
Stretch of cardiac muscle during diastole
Tension produced by the heart to eject blood
44. What is a baroreceptor?
Nerve endings in the adventitia of the sarcarotid sinus and aortic arch
Nerve endings in the myocardium
Nerve endings in the epivenentitia of the carotid sinus and aortic arch
Nerve endings in the adventitia of the carotid sinus and aortic arch
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