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The Most Important Figures from 1500-2000 - Statistics
General Stats
- This quiz has been taken 50 times
- The average score is 75 of 500
Answer Stats
| Hint | Answer | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
| Italian polymath known for his works like 'Mona Lisa' and 'The Last Supper' | Leonardo da Vinci | 100%
|
| German theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation with his '95 Theses' | Martin Luther | 84%
|
| Longest-reigning British monarch throughout the 20th century | Queen Elizabeth II | 84%
|
| Queen of the U.K. who expanded the British Empire to India | Queen Victoria | 76%
|
| Italian astronomer who observed Jupiter's moons with his telescope | Galileo Galilei | 65%
|
| Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory | Nicolaus Copernicus | 65%
|
| English playwright and poet during the Elizabethan Era known for 'Macbeth' | William Shakespeare | 65%
|
| English mathematician who formulated the laws of motion | Isaac Newton | 62%
|
| English naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection | Charles Darwin | 57%
|
| French military leader and emperor who was exiled to an island | Napoleon Bonaparte | 57%
|
| American inventor known for creating the electric lightbulb and phonograph | Thomas Edison | 57%
|
| American civil rights leader who championed non-violent resistance | Martin Luther King Jr. | 54%
|
| British Prime Minister during World War II | Winston Churchill | 54%
|
| German-born physicist who developed the theory of relativity | Albert Einstein | 51%
|
| American founding father and polymath known for inventing bifocals | Benjamin Franklin | 51%
|
| Female tennis player known for winning the "Battle of the Sexes" match in 1973 | Billie Jean King | 51%
|
| First President of the United States | George Washington | 51%
|
| French theologian during the Protestant Reformation and founder of Calvinism | John Calvin | 51%
|
| 35th President of the United States known for his role in the Cuban Missile Crisis | John F. Kennedy | 51%
|
| German philosopher who co-authored 'The Communist Manifesto' | Karl Marx | 51%
|
| Italian diplomat and philosopher best known for 'The Prince' | Niccolò Machiavelli | 51%
|
| First Lady of the United States during the Great Depression and World War II | Eleanor Roosevelt | 49%
|
| Portuguese explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the Earth | Ferdinand Magellan | 49%
|
| 32nd President of the United States during WWII and the Great Depression | Franklin D. Roosevelt | 49%
|
| Queen of France who was executed during the French Revolution | Marie Antoinette | 49%
|
| American architect known for designing the Vietnam Veterans Memorial | Maya Lin | 49%
|
| Spanish artist who co-founded Cubism | Pablo Picasso | 49%
|
| U.S. Attorney General under Kennedy who campaigned for the presidency | Robert F. Kennedy | 49%
|
| 3rd President of the United States and author of the Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson | 49%
|
| Austrian composer who is widely considered the greatest of all time | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | 49%
|
| German dictator and leader of Nazi Germany | Adolf Hitler | 46%
|
| Cuban politician who led the Cuban Revolution | Fidel Castro | 46%
|
| First Lady known for her style and efforts to restore and preserve American culture | Jacqueline Kennedy | 46%
|
| Soviet leader who led during the Great Purge and World War II | Joseph Stalin | 46%
|
| Polish-French physicist who pioneered radioactivity and won the Nobel Prize | Marie Curie | 46%
|
| South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and the country's first Black president | Nelson Mandela | 46%
|
| Leader of the Bolshevik Party and founder of the Soviet Union | Vladimir Lenin | 46%
|
| 16th President of the United States during the Civil War who abolished slavery | Abraham Lincoln | 43%
|
| Argentine Marxist revolutionary who played a key role in the Cuban Revolution | Che Guevara | 43%
|
| French chemist who developed the germ theory of disease | Louis Pasteur | 43%
|
| Indian nationalist who led the non-violent struggle for independence from Britain | Mahatma Gandhi | 43%
|
| Dutch painter and etcher known for his works like 'The Night Watch' | Rembrandt | 43%
|
| Portuguese explorer and first European to reach India by sea | Vasco da Gama | 43%
|
| Scottish economist and author of 'The Wealth of Nations' | Adam Smith | 41%
|
| Empress of Russia who promoted Westernization | Catherine the Great | 41%
|
| Vietnamese revolutionary and leader of North Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh | 41%
|
| First Tsar of Russia | Ivan the Terrible | 41%
|
| German astronomer known for his laws of planetary motion | Johannes Kepler | 41%
|
| Russian novelist known for his works 'War and Peace' and 'Anna Karenina' | Leo Tolstoy | 41%
|
| Deaf German composer during the Classical and Romantic eras | Ludwig van Beethoven | 41%
|
| Russian Tsar who modernized and expanded Russia | Peter the Great | 41%
|
| French philosopher known for his statement "Cogito, ergo sum" | René Descartes | 41%
|
| Scottish-born inventor credited with inventing the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell | 38%
|
| English nurse during the Crimean War and founder of modern nursing | Florence Nightingale | 38%
|
| Spanish conquistador whose expedition caused the fall of the Aztec Empire | Hernán Cortés | 38%
|
| English novelist best known for her works 'Pride and Prejudice' and 'Emma' | Jane Austen | 38%
|
| German composer and musician known for his work 'D Minor Partita' | Johann Sebastian Bach | 38%
|
| Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud | 38%
|
| French painter and founder of Impressionism known for works like 'Water Lillies' | Claude Monet | 35%
|
| Mexican painter known for her self-portraits exploring identity and gender | Frida Kahlo | 35%
|
| British admiral known for his naval victory at the Battle of Trafalgar | Horatio Nelson | 35%
|
| British explorer who made maps of the Pacific and discovered numerous islands | James Cook | 35%
|
| African-American Muslim minister and activist during the Civil Rights Movement | Malcolm X | 35%
|
| Chinese communist revolutionary and founder of the People's Republic of China | Mao Zedong | 35%
|
| German composer known for his operas such as 'The Ring of Nibelung' | Richard Wagner | 35%
|
| American film producer and entrepreneur known for pioneering animated films | Walt Disney | 35%
|
| 28th President of the U.S. during WWI and a founder of the League of Nations | Woodrow Wilson | 35%
|
| Italian physicist known for inventing the electric battery and discovering methane | Alessandro Volta | 32%
|
| Swedish chemist and inventor who established the Nobel Prizes | Alfred Nobel | 32%
|
| Founder of the Fascist Party and leader of Italy during World War II | Benito Mussolini | 32%
|
| English novelist and author of 'Jane Eyre' | Charlotte Brontë | 32%
|
| English novelist and author of 'Wuthering Heights' | Emily Brontë | 32%
|
| English writer and author of '1984' and 'Animal Farm' | George Orwell | 32%
|
| Austrian scientist known for his experiments with pea plants | Gregor Mendel | 32%
|
| American abolitionist and conductor of the Underground Railroad | Harriet Tubman | 32%
|
| 33rd U.S. President known for ordering the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Harry S. Truman | 32%
|
| German philosopher known for 'Critique of Pure Reason' | Immanuel Kant | 32%
|
| Irish modernist writer best known for his novel 'Ulysses' | James Joyce | 32%
|
| 4th President of the United States known as the "Father of the Constitution" | James Madison | 32%
|
| Scottish engineer known for improving the steam engine | James Watt | 32%
|
| American theoretical physicist who led the Manhattan Project | J. Robert Oppenheimer | 32%
|
| English writer best known for his work 'The Lord of the Rings' | J.R.R. Tolkien | 32%
|
| First female British Prime Minister known for her conservative politics | Margaret Thatcher | 32%
|
| American author known for 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' | Mark Twain | 32%
|
| Soviet leader whose reforms led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union | Mikhail Gorbachev | 32%
|
| English leader who led the Parliamentarian victory and ruled as Lord Protector | Oliver Cromwell | 32%
|
| First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe | Sir Francis Drake | 32%
|
| French Enlightenment philosopher known for advocating for freedom of speech | Voltaire | 32%
|
| Soviet cosmonaut and first person to journey into outer space | Yuri Gagarin | 32%
|
| American aviator and first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean | Amelia Earhart | 30%
|
| American artist and leading figure in the Pop Art movement | Andy Warhol | 30%
|
| English novelist known for his works 'A Christmas Carol' and 'Oliver Twist' | Charles Dickens | 30%
|
| English actor who pioneered the silent film comedy as 'The Tramp' | Charlie Chaplin | 30%
|
| American inventor known for creating the cotton gin | Eli Whitney | 30%
|
| Argentine First Lady who worked with the labor movement and women's suffrage | Eva Perón | 30%
|
| American architect known for his designs such as Fallingwater | Frank Lloyd Wright | 30%
|
| Austrian Archduke whose assassinated triggered the events leading to WWI | Franz Ferdinand | 30%
|
| Fourth Prime Minister of Israel and first woman to hold the office | Golda Meir | 30%
|
| 36th President of the U.S. who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law | Lyndon B. Johnson | 30%
|
| Spanish novelist and author of 'Don Quixote' | Miguel de Cervantes | 30%
|
| Her refusal to give up her bus seat greatly impacted the fight against segregation | Rosa Parks | 30%
|
| American inventor who developed a code in his name and made the telegraph | Samuel Morse | 30%
|
| American playwright best known for his work 'A Streetcar Named Desire' | Tennessee Williams | 30%
|
| French novelist and author of 'Les Misérables' | Victor Hugo | 30%
|
| British computer scientist who developed Enigma during WWII | Alan Turing | 27%
|
| American philanthropist, billionaire, and co-founder of Microsoft | Bill Gates | 27%
|
| French fashion designer who founded her own fashion label in Paris in the 1920s | Coco Chanel | 27%
|
| American poet known for his macabre stories such as 'The Raven' | Edgar Allen Poe | 27%
|
| Japanese Emperor who led during World War II and post-war recovery | Emperor Hirohito | 27%
|
| American novelist known for works like 'The Old Man and the Sea' | Ernest Hemingway | 27%
|
| Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Inca Empire | Francisco Pizarro | 27%
|
| American singer, actor, and "Rat Pack" member known for his song 'My Way' | Frank Sinatra | 27%
|
| German philosopher known for the concept of the "Übermensch" | Friedrich Nietzsche | 27%
|
| Italian inventor known for creating the radio | Guglielmo Marconi | 27%
|
| American medical researcher who developed the first effective polio vaccine | Jonas Salk | 27%
|
| English author of 'Frankenstein' and pioneer of Gothic literature | Mary Shelley | 27%
|
| American professional boxer known for his opposition to the Vietnam War | Muhammad Ali | 27%
|
| Founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | 27%
|
| French astrologer famous for his book of prophecies | Nostradamus | 27%
|
| Irish poet and playwright known for his work 'The Importance of Being Earnest' | Oscar Wilde | 27%
|
| English playwright and poet known for 'Volpone' and 'The Alchemist' | Ben Jonson | 24%
|
| Irish author best known for his Gothic novel 'Dracula' | Bram Stoker | 24%
|
| New Zealand mountaineer and one of the first to reach Mount Everest's summit | Edmund Hillary | 24%
|
| French painter known for works like 'Olympia' | Édouard Manet | 24%
|
| Spanish military dictator who ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War | Francisco Franco | 24%
|
| Hungarian composer and conductor known for 'La campanella' | Franz Liszt | 24%
|
| Russian novelist and author of works such as 'Crime and Punishment' | Fyodor Dostoevsky | 24%
|
| American abolitionist and author of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' | Harriet Beecher Stowe | 24%
|
| President of Uganda known for his brutal regime | Idi Amin | 24%
|
| French author of 'Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea' | Jules Verne | 24%
|
| Polish labor leader and founder of Solidarity | Lech Wałęsa | 24%
|
| English scientist who made discoveries in electromagnetism and electrochemistry | Michael Faraday | 24%
|
| 15th Prime Minister of Canada known for fostering Canadian unity | Pierre Trudeau | 24%
|
| English writer known for compiling 'A Dictionary of the English Language' in 1755 | Samuel Johnson | 24%
|
| South American revolutionary who helped many countries gain independence | Simón Bolívar | 24%
|
| Israeli Prime Minister and Nobel Peace Prize laureate for the Oslo Accords | Yitzhak Rabin | 24%
|
| Scottish-American industrialist known for his work in the steel industry | Andrew Carnegie | 22%
|
| American Revolutionary War general who spied for the British | Benedict Arnold | 22%
|
| First President of the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet Union | Boris Yeltsin | 22%
|
| English physician who pioneered the smallpox vaccine | Edward Jenner | 22%
|
| English philosopher known for his advocation of the scientific method | Francis Bacon | 22%
|
| American abolitionist and orator known for gaining freedom as a former slave | Frederick Douglass | 22%
|
| German philosopher and co-founder of Marxist Theory | Friedrich Engels | 22%
|
| American composer known for work Rhapsody in Blue' and opera 'Porgy & Bess' | George Gershwin | 22%
|
| American actress turned Princess of Monaco | Grace Kelly | 22%
|
| French civil engineer known for designing the Eiffel Tower | Gustave Eiffel | 22%
|
| 31st President of the U.S. criticized for his handling of the Great Depression | Herbert Hoover | 22%
|
| American novelist and author of 'Moby Dick' | Herman Melville | 22%
|
| American baseball player who broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball | Jackie Robinson | 22%
|
| Dutch painter known for his works like 'Girl with a Pearl Earring' | Johannes Vermeer | 22%
|
| American abolitions who led the raid on Harpers Ferry to start a slave revolt | John Brown | 22%
|
| Leader of the Iranian Revolution and first Supreme Leader of Iran | Ruhollah Khomeini | 22%
|
| American women's rights activist during the suffrage movement | Susan B. Anthony | 22%
|
| English mathematician known as the first computer programmer | Ada Lovelace | 19%
|
| British writer known for his dystopian novel 'Brave New World' | Aldous Huxley | 19%
|
| Third President of Egypt who played a key role in the Camp David Accords | Anwar Sadat | 19%
|
| Founder of the State of Israel and its first Prime Minister | David Ben-Gurion | 19%
|
| Prussian King who expanded Prussian territory and influence in Europe | Frederick the Great | 19%
|
| Italian general and nationalist who played a large role in unifying Italy | Giuseppe Garibaldi | 19%
|
| American philosopher known for 'Walden' | Henry David Thoreau | 19%
|
| English explorer who explored parts of the Arctic and northeastern North America | Henry Hudson | 19%
|
| First Prime Minister of India | Jawaharlal Nehru | 19%
|
| German composer and pianist during the Romantic period known for 'Wiegenlied' | Johannes Brahms | 19%
|
| English philosopher known for advocating for natural rights and the social contract | John Locke | 19%
|
| English poet best known for his work 'Paradise Lost' | John Milton | 19%
|
| American novelist and author of 'The Grapes of Wrath' and 'Of Mice and Men' | John Steinbeck | 19%
|
| Yugoslav communist revolutionary who maintained independence from the Soviets | Josip Broz Tito | 19%
|
| German engineer who made the first automobile powered by internal engines | Karl Benz | 19%
|
| Russian Marxist and founder of the Red Army | Leon Trotsky | 19%
|
| American writer and poet best known for her novel 'Little Women' | Louisa May Alcott | 19%
|
| French lawyer and politician who led during the Reign of Terror | Maximilien Robespierre | 19%
|
| Norwegian explorer and first person to reach the South Pole | Roald Amundsen | 19%
|
| Nepali Sherpa mountaineer and one of the first to reach Mount Everest's summit | Tenzing Norgay | 19%
|
| English writer known for her works 'Mrs. Dalloway' and 'To the Lighthouse' | Virginia Woolf | 19%
|
| Pakistani leader and first women to lead government in a Muslim-majority country | Benazir Bhutto | 16%
|
| American nurse and founder of the American Red Cross | Clara Barton | 16%
|
| Spanish painter known for his masterpiece 'Las Meninas' | Diego Velázquez | 16%
|
| Russian chemist and inventor of the Periodic Table of Elements | Dmitri Mendeleev | 16%
|
| British political activist and leader of the British suffragette movement | Emmeline Pankhurst | 16%
|
| Polish composer and pianist known for his nocturnes and ballades | Frederic Chopin | 16%
|
| French novelist and author of 'Madame Bovary' | Gustave Flaubert | 16%
|
| Emperor of Ethiopia known for his leadership during the Italian invasion | Haile Selassie | 16%
|
| Chancellor of West Germany who unified Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall | Helmut Kohl | 16%
|
| Norwegian playwright often called the father of modern drama | Henrik Ibsen | 16%
|
| Russian composer known for his work 'The Rite of Spring' | Igor Stravinsky | 16%
|
| British primatologist known for her studies of chimpanzee behavior in Tanzania | Jane Goodall | 16%
|
| Austrian composer known as the "Father of the Symphony" | Joseph Haydn | 16%
|
| American comedian known for her television program 'I Love Lucy' | Lucille Ball | 16%
|
| Panamanian leader ousted by a U.S. invasion for his role in drug trafficking | Manuel Noriega | 16%
|
| American ciivl rights activist and author of 'I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings' | Maya Angelou | 16%
|
| French political philosopher best known for his theory of the separation of powers | Montesquieu | 16%
|
| Romanian gymnast and first gymnast to score a perfect 10 at the Olympics | Nadia Comâneci | 16%
|
| Leader of the Soviet Union who initiated the de-Stalinization process | Nikita Khrushchev | 16%
|
| German industrialist who saved many Jews in the Holocaust by employing them | Oskar Schindler | 16%
|
| German statesman who unified Germany and served as its first Chancellor | Otto van Bismarck | 16%
|
| South African monarch who transformed the Zulu Kingdom during the early 1800s | Shaka Zulu | 16%
|
| Chinese politician considered the founding father of the Republic of China | Sun Yat-sen | 16%
|
| Prussian-American author best known for his novel 'Lolita' | Vladimir Nabokov | 16%
|
| Spanish architect who built the Sagrada Família basilica in Barcelona | Antoni Gaudí | 14%
|
| Tennis player and first African-American to win Wimbledon and the U.S. Open | Arthur Ashe | 14%
|
| American First Lady and founder of a substance abuse center in her name | Betty Ford | 14%
|
| Leader of the Republic of China and the Kuomintang during the Chinese Civil War | Chiang Kai-shek | 14%
|
| French cabaret singer known for her song 'La Vie en rose' | Edith Piaf | 14%
|
| President of the Philippines known for his declaration of martial law | Ferdinand Marcos | 14%
|
| Bosnian Serb nationalist and assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Gavrilo Princip | 14%
|
| American military leader and architect of the plan to rebuild Europe after WWII | George C. Marshall | 14%
|
| Italian opera composer known for 'La Bohéme' and 'Madame Butterfly' | Giacomo Puccini | 14%
|
| Spanish priest who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) | Ignatius of Loyola | 14%
|
| American astronaut and first American to orbit the Earth | John Glenn | 14%
|
| First Chancellor of West Germany and key figure in post-war reintegration | Konrad Adenauer | 14%
|
| Swiss-French architect and pioneer of the International Style | Le Corbusier | 14%
|
| English-born American political activist and author of 'Common Sense' | Thomas Paine | 14%
|
| First African-American Justice of the United States Supreme Court | Thurgood Marshall | 14%
|
| American poet and author of 'Leaves of Grass' | Walt Whitman | 14%
|
| French artillery officer and central figure in the Dreyfus Affair | Alfred Dreyfus | 11%
|
| American sharpshooter known for her role in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show | Annie Oakley | 11%
|
| French mathematician and inventor of the calculator | Blaise Pascal | 11%
|
| Swedish Botanist who developed the modern system of naming organisms | Carl Linnaeus | 11%
|
| French poet and author of 'Les Fleurs du Mal' | Charles Baudelaire | 11%
|
| Chinese politician who led economic reforms and modernized 20th century China | Deng Xiaoping | 11%
|
| Mexican painter known for his involvement in the Mexican muralism movement | Diego Rivera | 11%
|
| French artist known for his paintings and sculptures depicting dancers | Edgar Degas | 11%
|
| American suffragist, activist, and a leader of the women's rights movement | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | 11%
|
| American jazz singer known as the "First Lady of Song" | Ella Fitzgerald | 11%
|
| French novelist known for his 'Les Rougon-Macquart' series | Émile Zola | 11%
|
| Mexican revolutionary leader who became an icon of peasant resistance | Emiliano Zapata | 11%
|
| American writer and poet known for her posthumously published works | Emily Dickinson | 11%
|
| Spanish painter known for works like 'The Third of May 1808' | Francisco Goya | 11%
|
| Egyptian President and key figure in the Non-Aligned Movement | Gamal Abdel Nasser | 11%
|
| English novelist known for her works 'Middlemarch' and 'The Mill on the Floss' | George Eliot | 11%
|
| Italian composer known for his operas such as 'Aida' and 'La Traviata' | Giuseppe Verdi | 11%
|
| American painter known for his illustrations of birds in 'The Birds of America' | John James Audubon | 11%
|
| English philosopher and author of 'On Liberty and Utilitarianism' | John Stuart Mill | 11%
|
| British surgeon and pioneer of antiseptic surgery | Joseph Lister | 11%
|
| Chilean poet and diplomat awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature | Pablo Neruda | 11%
|
| General who led campaigns against government in the Mexican Revolution | Pancho Villa | 11%
|
| Flemish Baroque painter known for his work for royal courts across Europe | Peter Paul Rubens | 11%
|
| Belgian surrealist artist known for images such as 'The Son of Man' | Rene Magritte | 11%
|
| Russian composer known for works like 'Peter and the Wolf' | Sergei Prokofiev | 11%
|
| Native American leader of the Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux tribe | Sitting Bull | 11%
|
| Abolitionist and women's rights activist known for her speech 'Ain't I a Woman?' | Sojourner Truth | 11%
|
| Indonesian President & leader of the independence movement against the Dutch | Sukarno | 11%
|
| Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who ruled during its peak in power and influence | Suleiman the Magnificent | 11%
|
| English philosopher and author of 'Leviathan' | Thomas Hobbes | 11%
|
| Danish astronomer who aided in the formulation of the laws of planetary motion | Tycho Brahe | 11%
|
| German/U.S. engineer who helped develop rocket technology in Nazi Germany | Wernher von Braun | 11%
|
| English Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania | William Penn | 11%
|
| British statesman known for his leadership during the Seven Years' War | William Pitt the Elder | 11%
|
| Chancellor of West Germany known for his Ostpolitik policy | Willy Brandt | 11%
|
| Italian architect who founded Palladian architecture | Andrea Palladio | 8%
|
| Dutch scientist known as the father of microbiology | Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | 8%
|
| American jazz bandleader known as the 'King of Swing' | Benny Goodman | 8%
|
| American jazz singer known for her songs like 'Strange Fruit' | Billie Holiday | 8%
|
| Russian writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for 'Doctor Zhivago' | Boris Pasternak | 8%
|
| French clergyman and key figure during the Thirty Years' War | Cardinal Richelieu | 8%
|
| British businessman in South Africa and founder of De Beers and Rhodesia | Cecil Rhodes | 8%
|
| Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain who ruled during the 16th century | Charles V | 8%
|
| French composer known for his work 'Clair de Lune' | Claude Debussy | 8%
|
| Scottish philosopher known for his empirical skepticism | David Hume | 8%
|
| French philosopher, co-founder and chief editor of the Enclyclopédie | Denis Diderot | 8%
|
| King of the United Kingdom who reigned from 1901-1910 | Edward VII | 8%
|
| French Supreme Allied Commander during World War I | Ferdinand Foch | 8%
|
| Scottish physicist and developer of the theory of electromagnetic radiation | James Clerk Maxwell | 8%
|
| American writer and author of the 'The Last of the Mohicans' | James Fenimore Cooper | 8%
|
| French philosopher known for his work on political theory and the social contract | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | 8%
|
| British economist and founder of modern macroeconomics | John Maynard Keynes | 8%
|
| Argentina Formula One driver who won five World Championships in the 1950s | Juan Manuel Fangio | 8%
|
| American birth control activist and founder of Planned Parenthood | Margaret Sanger | 8%
|
| German actress and singer known for her support for the Allied forces in WWII | Marlene Dietrich | 8%
|
| English writer and author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman' | Mary Wollstonecraft | 8%
|
| Israeli Prime Minister who played a key role in the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty | Menachem Begin | 8%
|
| Irish revolutionary leader and key figure in the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty | Michael Collins | 8%
|
| Founder of Pakistan | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | 8%
|
| Brazilian architect known for designing the city of Brasília | Oscar Niemeyer | 8%
|
| Polish-German Marxist theorist and co-founder of the Spartacist League | Rosa Luxemburg | 8%
|
| English writer known for his novel 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' | Thomas Hardy | 8%
|
| Venetian painter known for his work 'Assumption of the Virgin' | Titian | 8%
|
| Leader of the Haitian Revolution | Toussaint Louverture | 8%
|
| American historian, civil rights activist and co-founder of the NAACP | W.E.B. Du Bois | 8%
|
| German painter known for his impact on the Northern Renaissance | Albrecht Dürer | 5%
|
| British poet who served as Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland | Alfred Lord Tennyson | 5%
|
| Swedish astronomer who invented a temperature scale in his name | Anders Celsius | 5%
|
| Burmese leader of the pro-democracy movement in Myanmar | Aung San Suu Kyi | 5%
|
| Dutch philosopher in the Enlightenment known for 'Ethics' | Baruch Spinoza | 5%
|
| American feminist and author of 'The Feminine Mystique' | Betty Friedan | 5%
|
| Female German pianist and composer during the Romantic era | Clara Schumann | 5%
|
| British Prime Minister who established the National Health Service in the U.K. | Clement Attlee | 5%
|
| Taoiseach and President of Ireland who fought for Irish independence | Éamon de Valera | 5%
|
| Greek painter, sculptor, architect, and precursor to modern art and Mannerism | El Greco | 5%
|
| Catholic missionary who helped spread Christianity to Japan and India | Francis Xavier | 5%
|
| President of France who oversaw the modernization of the French economy | Georges Pompidou | 5%
|
| British writer and explorer known for finding Dr David Livingstone | Henry Morton Stanley | 5%
|
| French revolutionary leader during the Revolution known for his radical stance | Jean-Paul Marat | 5%
|
| English philosopher and founder of modern utilitarianism | Jeremy Bentham | 5%
|
| English preacher and author of 'The Pilgrim's Progress' | John Bunyan | 5%
|
| Scottish-American naturalist and key figure of the creation of National Parks | John Muir | 5%
|
| English cleric and founder of Methodism | John Wesley | 5%
|
| French entertainer, 1920s icon and member of the French Resistance | Josephine Baker | 5%
|
| American composer and conductor best known for his musical 'West Side Story' | Leonard Bernstein | 5%
|
| French monarch known as the "Sun King" who ruled for over 70 years | Louis XIV of France | 5%
|
| Jamaican nurse who played a key role in caring for soldiers in the Crimean War | Mary Seacole | 5%
|
| Italian sculptor, painter, and architect known for his works such as 'The David' | Michelangelo Buonarotti | 5%
|
| Swiss physician who revolutionized medicine by avoiding the use of chemicals | Paracelsus | 5%
|
| American marine biologist, environmentalist, and author of 'Silent Spring' | Rachel Carson | 5%
|
| Irish chemist known as one of the founders of modern chemistry | Robert Boyle | 5%
|
| English scientist known for his law of elasticity | Robert Hooke | 5%
|
| French explorer and founder of Quebec | Samuel de Champlain | 5%
|
| Swiss reformer who played a key role in the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland | Ulrich Zwingli | 5%
|
| English poet known for his works such as 'Songs of Innocence and of Experience' | William Blake | 5%
|
| British Methodist preacher and founder of The Salvation Army | William Booth | 5%
|
| British statesman of the 19th century who served as Prime Minister four times | William Gladstone | 5%
|
| English physician and first person to describe the circulation of blood in humans | William Harvey | 5%
|
| American Civil War general known for his "scorched earth" policies | William T Sherman | 5%
|
| English politician and leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade in Britain | William Wilberforce | 5%
|
| First Lady of the United States and advocate for women's rights in the early 1800s | Abigail Adams | 3%
|
| Czechoslovak politician and leader of the Prague Spring | Alexander Dubček | 3%
|
| English poet known for his satirical work and translation of Homer | Alexander Pope | 3%
|
| German geographic who made contributions to biogeography and climatology | Alexander von Humboldt | 3%
|
| Italian Neoclassical sculptor known for his work 'Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss' | Antonio Canova | 3%
|
| French philosopher, father of sociology and founder of positivism | Auguste Comte | 3%
|
| Italian writer known for his memoirs depicting European high society in the 1700s | Casanova | 3%
|
| Nigerian writer best known for his novel "Things Fall Apart" | Chinua Achebe | 3%
|
| Nicaraguan President and leader of the Sandinista National Liberation Front | Daniel Ortega | 3%
|
| American novelist and author of 'The Age of Innocence' | Edith Wharton | 3%
|
| English Queen whose reign marked the flourishing of drama and exploration | Elizabeth I of England | 3%
|
| Chinese regent who ruled during the late Qing Dynasty | Empress Dowager Cixi | 3%
|
| Spanish explorer and first European to navigate the length of the Amazon River | Francisco de Orellana | 3%
|
| Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary whose reign spanned nearly 68 years | Franz Joseph I | 3%
|
| British monarch during the American Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars | George III of the U.K. | 3%
|
| Italian sculptor and architect known for works such as Ecstasy of Saint Teresa | Gian Lorenzo Bernini | 3%
|
| Italian philosopher and advocate of the infinite universe theory | Giordano Bruno | 3%
|
| American activist and key figure in the feminist movement of the late 20th century | Gloria Steinem | 3%
|
| German philosopher and mathematician who co-founded calculus | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | 3%
|
| German-American political theorist known for work 'The Origins of Totalitarianism' | Hannah Arendt | 3%
|
| German-Swiss painter known for his portraits of prominent figures like Henry VIII | Hans Holbein the Younger | 3%
|
| American-British author of the novel 'The Portrait of a Lady' | Henry James | 3%
|
| King of England who established the Church of England after breaking from Rome | Henry VIII of England | 3%
|
| Dutch jurist known for his work 'On the Law of War and Peace' | Hugo Grotius | 3%
|
| Swiss mathematician who contributed to the field of probability | Jacob Bernoulli | 3%
|
| French painter known for works like 'The Death of Socrates' | Jacques-Louis David | 3%
|
| French statesman who served as the Minister of Finances under the "Sun King" | Jean-Baptiste Colbert | 3%
|
| Haitian dictator nicknamed "Papa Doc" known for his authoritarian regime | Jean-Claude Duvalier | 3%
|
| French political economist, diplomat and a founding father of the European Union | Jean Monnet | 3%
|
| French dramatist known for his tragedies such as 'Phèdre' | Jean Racine | 3%
|
| English landscape painter known for his series of the River Stour | John Constable | 3%
|
| Leader of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland | John Knox | 3%
|
| English chemist who discovered oxygen | Joseph Priestley | 3%
|
| Belgian King responsible for the colonization of the Congo Free State | Leopold II of Belgium | 3%
|
| Italian poet best known for his epic 'Orlando Furioso' | Lodovico Ariosto | 3%
|
| American anthropologist who studied Pacific Islands in 'Coming of Age in Samoa' | Margaret Mead | 3%
|
| Dutch Anabaptist religious leader and helped develop the Mennonite church | Menno Simons | 3%
|
| French philosopher who popularized the essay as a literary form | Michel de Montaigne | 3%
|
| American economist known for influencing modern conservative economic thought | Milton Friedman | 3%
|
| Serbian-American inventor known for his work on AC electrical systems | Niokola Tesla | 3%
|
| First Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | Patrice Lumumba | 3%
|
| Portuguese navigator credited with the discovery of Brazil | Pedro Álvares Cabral | 3%
|
| King of Spain who ruled during the defeat of the Spanish Armada | Philip II of Spain | 3%
|
| Flemish Renaissance painter known for 'The Hunters in the Snow' | Pieter Bruegel the Elder | 3%
|
| Dictator of the Dominican Republic during the early 20th century | Rafael Trujillo | 3%
|
| Chilean politician and first Marxist to be elected president in a democratic country | Salvador Allende | 3%
|
| English diarist known for his account of 17th century England and the Great Fire | Samuel Pepys | 3%
|
| Czech playwright and key figure in the Velvet Revolution | Vaclav Havel | 3%
|
| First woman to become President of Nicaragua who ended the Sandinista regime | Violeta Chamorro | 3%
|
| English scholar who translated the Bible into English | William Tyndale | 3%
|
| First American woman to win three gold medals in track & field in a single Olympic | Wilma Rudolph | 3%
|
| Israeli politician known for founding the Israeli Defense Force and UN speeches | Abba Ban | 0%
|
| Pashtun independence activist known for his nonviolent opposition to British rule | Abdul Ghaffar Khan | 0%
|
| Leader of the Ismaili Muslims and figure inn founding the All-India Muslim League | Aga Khan III | 0%
|
| Mughal Emperor who consolidated the Empire and promoted religious tolerance | Akbar the Great | 0%
|
| Russian writer who exposed the Soviet Union's gulag system | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | 0%
|
| Duke of Parma and commander in the wars against Protestant states of Europe | Alessandro Farnese | 0%
|
| Russian Emperor known for emancipating the serfs in 1861 | Alexander II of Russia | 0%
|
| American biologist known for the Kinsey Reports | Alfred Kinsey | 0%
|
| British naturalist who made the theory of evolution by natural selection with Darwin | Alfred Russel Wallace | 0%
|
| American suffragist who campaigned for the 19th and Equal Rights Amendments | Alice Paul | 0%
|
| French barber surgeon considered one of the fathers of modern surgery | Ambroise Paré | 0%
|
| Soviet physicist known for developing the Soviet hydrogen bomb | Andrei Sakharov | 0%
|
| American poet and first published female poet in the English colonies | Anne Bradstreet | 0%
|
| Prime Minister of Portugal who established the Estado Novo regime | António Salazar | 0%
|
| Playwright and one of the first English women to earn a living by writing | Aphra Behn | 0%
|
| German Jesuit scholar who made significant contributions to the study of Egypt | Athanasius Kircher | 0%
|
| Italian author known for 'The Book of the Courtier' | Baldassare Castiglione | 0%
|
| German playwright, poet, and author of The Threepenny Opera | Bertolt Brecht | 0%
|
| American blues singer known as the "Empress of the Blues" | Bessie Smith | 0%
|
| Mexican writer known for works like 'The Death of Artemio Cruz' | Carlos Fuentes | 0%
|
| President of Argentina who implemented free-market reforms | Carlos Menem | 0%
|
| Queen of France who had significant influence during the French Wars of Religion | Catherine de' Medici | 0%
|
| British geologist and author of 'Principles of Geology' | Charles Lyell | 0%
|
| Dutch astronomer known for discovering Titan, Saturn's Moon | Christiaan Hayes | 0%
|
| Swedish Queen who abdicated her throne to convert to Catholicism | Christina of Sweden | 0%
|
| British royal known for charitable work and humanitarian efforts in the 80s and 90s | Diana, Princess of Wales | 0%
|
| British aristocrat born into slavery and raised a free gentlewoman in England | Dido Elizabeth Belle | 0%
|
| American photographer known for her Depression-era work 'Migrant Mother' | Dorothea Lange | 0%
|
| American actress first African-American to be nominated for an Academy Award | Dorothy Dandridge | 0%
|
| American activist and co-founder of the Catholic Worker Movement | Dorothy Day | 0%
|
| British winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work on x-ray crystallography | Dorothy Hodgkin | 0%
|
| Irish philosopher known for his critique of the French Revolution | Edmund Burke | 0%
|
| English inventor who developed the power loom | Edmund Cartwright | 0%
|
| English poet known for her sonnets and epic poem 'Aurora Leigh' | Elizabeth Barret Browning | 0%
|
| Dutch athlete and gold medal Olympian known as the "Flying Housewife" | Fanny Blankers-Koen | 0%
|
| Duke of Mantua and builder of the Palazzo Te | Federico II Gonzaga | 0%
|
| Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire whose reign ended the Thirty Years' War | Ferdinand III | 0%
|
| Grand Duke of Tuscany who supported Galileo | Ferdinando II de' Medici | 0%
|
| Spanish philosopher and founder of international law | Francisco de Vitoria | 0%
|
| Scottish philosopher and one of the founding figures of the Scottish Enlightenment | Francis Hutcheson | 0%
|
| Martinican psychiatrist known for his work 'The Wretched of the Earth' | Frantz Fanon | 0%
|
| American landscape architect who designed New York's Central Park | Frederick Law Olmsted | 0%
|
| Huguenot leader in the French Wars of Religion | Gaspard II de Coligny | 0%
|
| Scottish scholar and tutor of King James VI of Scotland | George Buchanan | 0%
|
| French Prime Minister during WWII and figure in the Treaty of Versailles | George Clemenceau | 0%
|
| Flemish cartographer who created the 1569 world map | Gerardus Mercator | 0%
|
| Australian Prime Minister who introduced universal healthcare and free college | Gough Whitlam | 0%
|
| American poet and first African-American to win a Pulitzer Prize | Gwendolyn Brooks | 0%
|
| First Tunisian President who led Tunisia to independence from France | Habib Bourguiba | 0%
|
| American colonist captured by Native Americans and known for escaping captivity | Hannah Dutton | 0%
|
| Prime Minister of the United Kingdom known for his role in decolonization post-war | Harold Macmillan | 0%
|
| American political economist known for his work 'Progress and Poverty' | Henry George | 0%
|
| French painter, sculptor and key figure in Fauvism | Henry Matisse | 0%
|
| Founder and editor of the New-York Tribune | Horace Greeley | 0%
|
| American dancer known as the 'Mother of Modern Dance' | Isadora Duncan | 0%
|
| German-American colonist who led a rebellion against British authorities in NY | Jacob Leisler | 0%
|
| French philosopher and founder of deconstruction | Jacques Derrida | 0%
|
| American novelist and social critic known for his work 'Go Tell It on the Mountain' | James Baldwin | 0%
|
| The first African-American student at the segregated University of Mississippi | James Meredith | 0%
|
| French naturalist and early proponent of evolutionary theory | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | 0%
|
| French film director and pioneer of the French New Wave Cinema | Jean-Luc Godard | 0%
|
| French neurologist known as the "father of modern neurology" | Jean-Martin Charcot | 0%
|
| General Secretary of the Communist Party of China during its economic growth | Jiang Zemin | 0%
|
| American jazz saxophonist and composer known for works like 'A Love Supreme' | John Coltrane | 0%
|
| English mathematician, astronomer, and occult philosopher of the Elizabethan Era | John Dee | 0%
|
| English writer who recorded observations during the English Civil War | John Evelyn | 0%
|
| English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal | John Flamsteed | 0%
|
| English cardinal who converted from Anglicanism to Catholicism | John Henry Newman | 0%
|
| English naturalist considered the father of English natural history | John Ray | 0%
|
| English Puritan lawyer and helped found the Massachusetts Bay Colony | John Winthrop | 0%
|
| Cuban poet and key figure in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain | José Martí | 0%
|
| English naturalist who participated in Captain Cook's first voyage to the Pacific | Joseph Banks | 0%
|
| First President of Tanzania known for his philosophy of Ujamaa | Julius Nyerere | 0%
|
| American mathematician who calculated the first U.S. crewed spaceflight | Katherine Johnson | 0%
|
| South Korean activist awarded the Nobel Prize for peace efforts with North Korea | Kim Dae-jung | 0%
|
| Jordanian king who modernized Jordan and kept peace in the Middle East | King Hussein of Jordan | 0%
|
| General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | Konstantin Chernenko | 0%
|
| First Prime Minister and President of Ghana | Kwame Nkrumah | 0%
|
| American poet, social activist, and leader of the Harlem Renaissance | Langston Hughes | 0%
|
| Founding Prime Minister of Singapore responsible for its financial positioning | Lee Kuan Yew | 0%
|
| American industrialist and founder of the Central Pacific Railroad | Leland Stanford | 0%
|
| First Jewish person and first socialist to serve as Prime Minister of France | Leon Blum | 0%
|
| First President of Senegal and proponent of the concept of Negritude | Leopold Senghor | 0%
|
| British conductor known for working with the Philadelphia Orchestra and Disney | Leopold Stokowski | 0%
|
| Italian librettist who worked on famous operas such as 'Don Giovanni' | Lorenzo Da Ponte | 0%
|
| German philosopher known for his critique of religion and Marxist thought | Ludwig Feuerbach | 0%
|
| African-American entrepreneur and first female self-made millionaire in the U.S. | Madame C.J. Walker | 0%
|
| Italian biologist known as the father of microscopical anatomy | Marcello Malpighi | 0%
|
| Jamaican politician and activist who promoted Pan-Africanism | Marcus Garvey | 0%
|
| Female Regent of the Netherlands who played a key role in 16th century politics | Margaret of Austria | 0%
|
| Yugoslav leader who kept Yugoslavia independent from Soviets in the Cold War | Marshal Josip Tito | 0%
|
| Japanese poet regarded as the master of haikus | Matsuo Basho | 0%
|
| Italian Jesuit priest known for his exchange efforts between China and the West | Matteo Ricci | 0%
|
| Emperor of Mexico whose reign ended after the fall of the Second Mexican Empire | Maximilian I of Mexico | 0%
|
| Russian military engineer known for designing the AK-47 assault rifle | Mikhail Kalashnikov | 0%
|
| Russian polymath who contributed to literature, chemistry and education | Mikhail Lomonosov | 0%
|
| Prime Minister of Iran who nationalized the Iranian oil industry | Mohammad Mosaddegh | 0%
|
| Iranian Shah and last Iranian monarch before the Revolution | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | 0%
|
| Last King of Afghanistan who ruled from 1933 until he was overthrown in 1973 | Mohammed Zahir Shah | 0%
|
| First President of South Vietnam known for his anti-communist stance | Ngo Dinh Diem | 0%
|
| Military officer, politician and President of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War | Nguyễn Van Thiếu | 0%
|
| First Nigerian President regarded as a founding father of Nigeria | Nnamdi Azikiwe | 0%
|
| American awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the Green Revolution | Norman Borlaug | 0%
|
| Cambodian king who led Cambodia through independence and monarchy | Norodom Sihanouk | 0%
|
| South African President of the African National Congress during its years in exile | Oliver Tambo | 0%
|
| French playwright and author of 'The Declaration of the Rights of Woman' | Olympe de Gouges | 0%
|
| Salvadoran Catholic archbishop and outspoken critic of human rights abuses | Oscar Romero | 0%
|
| German Lutheran reformer and collaborator of Martin Luther | Philipp Melanchthon | 0%
|
| English poet and author of 'Arcadia' and 'Astrophil and Stella' | Philip Sidney | 0%
|
| French poet and prominent member of the Pléiade group of poets | Pierre de Ronsard | 0%
|
| French mathematician known for his work on statistics and celestial mechanics | Pierre-Simon Laplace | 0%
|
| French Nobel Peace Prize winner for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Rene Cassin | 0%
|
| English inventor who invented the water frame | Richard Arkwright | 0%
|
| Guatemalan indigenous and human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner | Rigoberta Menchú | 0%
|
| English poet known for his collection 'Men and Women' | Robert Browning | 0%
|
| British officer who helped establish British control in India | Robert Clive | 0%
|
| Canadian leader of the UN peacekeeping mission during the Rwandan Genocide | Roméo Dallaire | 0%
|
| Spanish mystic known for her contributions to the Carmelite Order | Saint Teresa of Ávila | 0%
|
| Soviet film director and pioneer of montage theory known for 'Battleship Potemkin' | Sergei Einstein | 0%
|
| First African-American woman elected to the United States Congress | Shirley Chisholm | 0%
|
| President of Serbia and Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav Wars | Slobodan Milošević | 0%
|
| Italian Renaissance painter and one of the first female artists to gain popularity | Sofonisba Anguissola | 0%
|
| First President of South Korea with anti-communist policies during the Korean War | Syngman Rhee | 0%
|
| Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who protested in South Vietnam | Thích Quang Đức | 0%
|
| Scottish writer known for works 'The French Revolution: A History' | Thomas Carlyle | 0%
|
| Burkinabé military captain and leader of Burkina Faso | Thomas Sankara | 0%
|
| English physician known as the "English Hippocrates" | Thomas Sydenham | 0%
|
| English composer known for his music such as the '40-oart motet Spem in alium' | Thomas Tallis | 0%
|
| Founder of the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan lasting over 250 years | Tokugawa Ieyasu | 0%
|
| Soviet cosmonaut and figure in the Soviet Space program and Soyuz 11 mission | Vladislav Volkov | 0%
|
| Kenyan environmentalist and founder of the Green Belt Movement | Wangari Maathai | 0%
|
| Governor of the Plymouth Colony who helped establish colonies in New England | William Bradford | 0%
|
| Archbishop of Canterbury known for his efforts to reform the Church of England | William Laud | 0%
|
| Polish diplomat and National Security Advisor to U.S. President Jimmy Carter | Zbigniew Brzezinski | 0%
|
| Chinese Premier and key figure in the Chinese Communist Party | Zhou Enlai | 0%
|
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