Crop Phys. Exam 1

Primary molecule used to distribute photoassimilates from leaves to other parts of the plant

Phosphorylates fructose 6-phosphate

and water interface reflect and refract light

ATP and NADPH required in this step of Calvin Cycle

The point where CO2 assimilated equals the amount of CO2 taken in

Ability for a plant to perform photosynthesis or assimilate CO2

Agave, Orchids, Pineapple

Thick cuticle, low surface to volume ratios, large vacuoles, reduced size & frequency of stomatal openings

5-carbon Ribulose Bisphosphate is regenerated from 3 carbon glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules

Use in movement of electrons in the electron transport chain, from b6f protein to P700 reaction center in PS1

Amount of biomass produced by a crop per unit of intercepted solar radiation

Following absorption of light by a leaf pigment, the energy can be transferred to another pigment molecule in the light harvesting complex by this mechanism of energy transfer

Corn, Milo

Initial electron donor in photosynthetic light reactions

Reduces reaction between Rubisco and O2, limiting photorespiration

Plants reduce photosynthesis rates because of excess light/solar radiation. This prevents damage because the plant isn't able to repair quickly enough

ATP required in this step of Calvin Cycle

Provides info about amount of light energy taken up or absorbed by a molecule as a function of the wavelength of light

Detergent resistant aggregates of lipids and proteins; Function: facilitate interactions of specific membrane proteins involved in cell signaling

Light is perpendicular to leaf lamina

Function of leaf inclination angle, leaf grouping, solar angle

porphyrin head+phytol tail, located in chloroplast membranes, hydrophoic

DHAP

200-3000nm

Specialized structure of C4 plants, Mesophyll rings around bundle sheath cells, helps concentrate CO2 to limit

PPFD

PEPcase

GA3P

Dissipates heat

CAM

Fate of light in plants

Asperate in, to oxaloacetate, to malate, to pyruvate, leaves as alanine, decarboxylation in mitochonrion

Carboxylation, reduction, regeneration

6-carbon input molecule split into two 3-carbon molecules that are stable

Starch that accumulates for use during night

Bound to membrane surface by noncovalent bonds; Function: plasma membrane and cytoskeleton interactions

Spectral light composition, spectral energy distribution

PEP CK

DHAP and GA3P

Ion concentration difference and electric potential differences across membranes are sources of free energy that can be utilized by the cell

Embedded in the lipid bilayer; Function: ion channels, pumps, include main protein complexes in light reactions

Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction leading to the first stable carbon compound in C4 plants

Uptake of O2, release of CO2 in the presence of light

Contributes to radiation balance of plants

Minimize light interception

Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction leading to the first stable carbon compound in C3 plants

Inhibitor of two chloroplast enzymes

Asperate in, to oxaloacetate, to phospheno-pyruvate, carboxylation in cytosol

Influence and roles of light on plant development

Wheat, Soybean

Located in chloroplast membranes and chromoplasts, hydrophobic

Enzyme that allows for C4 to be affective

Approximate proportions of light associated with the 3 fates

Decrease in photosynthesis primarily because damage to PS2 outpaces plant's ability to repair it

Location of starch synthesis in chloroplast

Turning light energy into chemical energy for photosynthesis

Main storage of carbohydrates in plants, complex polysaccharide composed of two entities (amylase/amylopectin)

Regulation of amount of ATP to NADPH produced based on how much of each material is needed (cyclic and non-cyclic)

Energy contained in a photon

3-PGA

Maximize light interception

PAR

3-PGA molecule is reduced to GA3P

1. PEPcase reacts with C cased molecules, typically bicarbonate

Biological response to the length and timing of day and night

Catalyzes conversion of G3PA to dihydroacetone phosphate

Bound to membrane surface via lipid molecules; Function: Phosphorylation (kinases), messenger cascades (G proteins)

Ratio of total upper leaf surface area to ground area

Amount of incident energy per unit time per unit area

Malate into bundle sheath cells, leaves as pyruvate, decarboxylation in chloroplasts

Photons are reflected by chlorophyll

Lost as heat, lost as energy (fluorescence), passes to different chlorophyll (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), photochemistry

Used for starch synthesis, or pumped into cytosol to be made into sucrose