Plant Structures Exam 3 - Statistics

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General Stats

This quiz has been taken 108 times
The average score is 5 of 20

Answer Stats

Hint	Answer	% Correct
The formation of reproductive structures	Adult reproductive phase	100%
250-500 nanometers	Blue light	100%
C-terminal domain	Cct	100%
710-850 nanometers	Far red light	100%
Stage when berry diameter is between 1/16" and 1/8", the max amount of grapes you will have has been set	Fruit set	100%
Encompasses all events between the start of imbibition (moistening) of the dry seed and the emergence of the embryo (usually starts in the radicle)	Germination	100%
Flowering only occurs in long days (qualitative LDPs) or their flowering is accelerated by long days (quantitative LDPs)	Long-day plants	100%
Fruit is formed from a cluster of flowers and each flower produces a fruit segment	Multiple fruit	100%
620-700 nanometers	Red light	100%
Seeds that have lost their primary dormancy can become dormant again if they have been exposed to unfavorable growth conditions for a long period of time	Secondary dormancy	100%
The dispersal units containing the mature embryos of angiosperms and gymnosperms	Seeds	100%
Pros: Plants are more likely to establish themselves after long-distance dispersalCons: Breeding depression is more likely	Self-pollination	75%
# of microsporangia	4	67%
Fruit splits to release its seeds	Dehiscent	67%
Stamens & pistils mature at different times	Dichogamy	67%
One sperm cell fuses with an egg to create zygote, the other sperm fuses with the binucleate central cell (including the two polar nuclei), to produce a triploid primary endosperm cell (divides mitotically to form the nutrition endosperm of the seed)	Double fertilization	67%
Seed is enclosed in a stony endocarp, "the pit"	Drupes	67%
Seed dormancy that is caused directly by the embryo and isn't due to any influence of the seed coat or surrounding tissues, typically induced by abscisic acid (ABA) at the end of embryogenesis	Endogenous dormancy	67%
The ability of an organism to detect day length to ensure that events occur at the appropriate time of year, thus allowing for seasonal response	Photoperiodism	67%
N-terminal photolyase-related domain	PHR	67%
The process of transferring pollen grains from the anther of the stamen (male organ of the flower) to the stigma of the pistil (female organ of the flower)	Pollination	67%
Large, binucleate cell, also fuses with the sperm cell (double fertilization)	Central cell	50%
The process by which plant embryos form & develop	Embryogenesis	50%
The process by which the shoot apical meristem becomes committed to forming flowers	Floral evocation	50%
Seed dispersal units that can be grouped together by a number of features	Fruits	50%
Vegetative growth without the ability for reproduction	Juvenile phase	50%
Undergo meiosis to produce haploid microspores	Microsporocytes	50%
1. Pollen grain adheres to stigma2. Pollen becomes hydrated & polarized 3. Tip of pollen grain expands, grows downward 4. Contents sealed off (callose plug) 5. Pollen tube makes it to micropyle, fertilizes ovary	Pollen tube growth steps	50%
Flowering only occurs in short days (qualitative SDPs), or their flowering is accelerated by short days (quantitative SDPs)	Short-day plants	50%
Seed dormancy that is caused by the seed coat and other surrounding tissues, may involve impermeability to water or oxygen, mechanical restraint, or the retention of endogenous inhibitors (lotus and water impermeability)	Exogenous dormancy	38%
Flowering that occurs strictly in response to internal development	Autonomous regulation	33%
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD); Pterin 5,10-methyltetrahydrofolate are examples of these	Cryptochromes	33%
Insensitive to day length and flower under any photoperiodic conditions, typically under autonomous regulation	Day neutral plants	33%
Temperature, timing of flowering/pollen maturity, humidity, rain, wind, pollinators	Successful pollination factors	33%
Several morphs	Heterostyly	33%
Flower only after a sequence of long days followed by short days, flower in late summer + fall, when days are shortening	Long-short day plants	33%
Divide and differentiate to form pollen grains	Microspores	33%
Berries develop without fertilization and lack seeds completely	Parthenocarpy	33%
Proteins that sense the presence of light and initiate a response via a signaling pathway, include phytochromes, cryptochromes, phytotropins, and Zeit Lupe, include protein and a chromophore	Photoreceptors	33%
First major photoreceptors, responsible for pulling red and far red light	Phytochromes	33%
Berries contain at least one fertilized seed that is subsequently aborted, leaving a small & soft undeveloped seed trace	Stenospermocarpy	33%
Sprouts from seeds within the fruit, such as corn kernels sprouting while still on the cob	Vivipary	33%
red/blue/pink pigments, made from the phenylpropanoid pathway from the amino acid phenylalanine, considered a secondary metabolite	Anthocyanins	25%
Light absorbing pigment molecule that is usually bound to a protein, most photoreceptors are bound to one of these	Chromophore	25%
The ratio of ABA and gibberellin serving as a primary determinant of seed dormancy and germination	Hormone Balance Theory	25%
Study of how plants obtain and use mineral nutrients	Mineral nutrition	25%
A cellular response to an environmental stimulus or genetic mutation that is induced by other cells (stomata)	Non-cell autonomous response	25%
1. Plant haploid gametophytes produce gametes (egg & sperm) by mitosis, while animal haploid gametes are produced by meiosis2. Once the haploid gametophytes fuse in fertilization, the 2N zygote is created and the life cycles of plants/animals are similar 3. Plants alternate between two types of generations (alteration of generations): one generation has diploid sporophyte cells that produce spores, and gametophyte cells that produce gametes	Pollination & Fertilization	25%
Edible tissue is derived from accessory structures, such as floral parts/receptacle	Pome	25%
Small molecules or ions made quickly and mobilized fast	Secondary messengers	25%
Maternal tissue that becomes the ovule	Nucellus	20%
The energetic effect of electrochemical H+ gradient across a membrane	Proton motive force	17%
Growth with changes in vegetative characteristics, with the potential to form reproductive structures (flowers in angiosperms, cones in gymnosperms)	Adult vegetative phase	14%
Encodes proteins targeted by siRNAs produced @ YUP locus	Reduced Carotenoid Pigmentation 2 locus	14%
Single leaf in cereal grain seeds	Scutellum	13%
Flowers have multiple carpels that are not joined together	Aggregate fruit	0%
Seeds imbedded in a fleshy mass	Berries	0%
yellow/orange/red pigments, actively synthesized during ripening from precursors synthesized in the plastids	Carotenoids	0%
A response to an environmental stimulus or genetic mutation that is localized to one particular cell (stomata)	Cell autonomous response	0%
Rhythmic pattern manifesting over 24 hours from the Latin circa "about" and diem "day"	Circadian rhythm	0%
Show a characteristic respiratory increase at the onset of ripening	Climacteric fruits	0%
Quantified every 24 hours, the absolute value widely among species	Critical day length	0%
Female gamete that will combine with a sperm cell to form the zygote	Egg Cell	0%
Baby plants	embryos	0%
1. Gametogenesis begins with formation of the megaspore mother cell (megasporocyte)2. 3 megaspores undergo programmed cell death, leaving 1 3. Surviving megaspore goes through mitosis 3x, making 8-nucleate immature embryo sac	Embryo Sac development	0%
The physiological state in which far red light will not act to reverse events induced by red light interactions	Escape from photo reversibility	0%
A chemical element that is an intrinsic component of the structure or metabolism of a plant, when it is in limited supply a plant suffers abnormal growth, development, or reproduction	Essential element	0%
Grown in the dark, leggy and pale	Etiolated	0%
Flowering is promoted by certain environmental cues but will eventually occur in the absence of such cues	Facultative/quantitative regulation	0%
A riboflavin-containing cofactor that undergoes a reversible two-electron reduction to produce FADH2	Flavin Adenine Dinuleotide	0%
Number of photons absorbed per unit of surface area over time	Fluence	0%
Sustenance for before the embryo before it can photosynthesize	Food storage tissue	0%
Require continuous exposure of light at a relatively high irradiance until the response saturates, light beyond this point has no effect	High irradiance responses	0%
Fruit doesn't split	Indehiscent	0%
Micro moles of quanta per square meter per second	Irradiance	0%
Molecule that attaches to and activates a receptor	Ligard	0%
Responses requiring a low amount of light, ex: seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, leaf movements	Low fluence repsonses	0%
When clusters have normal fruit set with inadequate seed development in a portion of berries that are fertilized	Millerandage	0%
Do not show a respiratory increase during ripening	Non-climacteric fruits	0%
Plants requiring an absolute requirement for a specific set of environmental cues in order to flower	Obligate/qualitative regulation	0%
Storage tissue derived from the nucellus often consumed during embryogenesis	Perisperm	0%
Regulates anthocyanin accumilation	Petal Lobe Anthocyanin Locus	0%
light requirement for germination, phytochromes involved, coat imposed dormancy within all light-regulated seeds	Photoblasty	0%
Influence and specific roles of light on plant development	Photomorphogenesis	0%
The photoperiod-regulated process that occurs in the leaves resulting in the transmission of a floral stimulus to the shoot apex	Photoperiodic induction	0%
Interconversion of the two different forms of phytochromes	Photo reversibility	0%
Light-oxygen-voltage domains, highly conserved protein domains that respond to light, oxygen, or voltage charges to change the receptor protein confirmation	Phototropins	0%
Controls VLFRs and far-red light-induced HIRs, rapidly degraded as Pfr by the ubiquitin pathway	phyA	0%
Regulates LFRs like photo reversible seed germination, crucial role in response to shade	phyB	0%
Plays roles in regulating other responses to red and far-red light	phyC-E	0%
Act primarily as negative regulators	Phytochrome interacting factors	0%
Modify and regulate phosphorylation of phytochromes	Phytochrome Kinase Substrate	0%
chemical messengers that are produced in one cell and modulate cellular processes in another cell by interacting with specific proteins that function as receptors linked to cellular signal transduction pathways	Plant hormones	0%
Male gametophyte, begins with microsporogenesis (anther cells divide to form diploid pollen mother cells, (microsporocytes))	Pollen Grain	0%
The failure of newly-dispersed mature seeds to germinate under normal growth conditions	Primary dormancy	0%
Light absorbing pteridine derivatives often found in pigmented cells	Pterin5,10-methyltetrahydrofolate	0%
Previously characterized MYB gene required for carotenoid pigmentation in nectar guides	Reduced Carotenoid Pigmentation 1 locus	0%
Compound developed by a plant to benefit is in some form	Secondary Metabolite	0%
Outer protective layer	Seed coat	0%
Process where, during pollination, pollen grain has a certain set of S-genes, if pistil has the same set of S-genes, pollen tube is aborted, creates a biochemical barrier that prevents self-pollination	Self-incompatibility	0%
Flower only after a sequence of short days followed by long days, flower in early spring in response to longer days	Short-long day plants	0%
Signal to receptor to signal transduction to response	Signal transduction cascade	0%
Has a mature single or compound ovary	Simple fruit	0%
Chilling to break seed dormancy, synchronizes germination, surrounding tissue increases chilling requirement	Stratification	0%
2 involved in last stages of attracting the pollen tube, delivering of pollen tube contents into the embryo sac, and gamete fusion	Synergid cells	0%
Acts in immature climacteric fruit, ethylene inhibits its own biosynthesis (negative feedback)	System 1	0%
Acts in mature climacteric fruit, and in senescing petals in some species, ethylene stimulates its own biosynthesis (autocatalytic)	System 2	0%
How much light is coming down and how long the plant was exposed, Fluence Rate x Duration or Irradiation	Total Fluence	0%
The process whereby repression of flowering is alleviated by a cold treatment given to a hydrated seed of to a growing plant	Vernalization	0%
Responses requiring a very low amount of light, ex: a few seconds of starlight	Very low fluence responses	0%
Major contributor to pollinator choice, determines presence or absence of yellow carotenoid pigments in upper petal epidermis	Yellow Upper Locus	0%
Play a role in circadian rhythms	Zeit Lube	0%

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