Soil and Water Management

1. Rapid water movement downward in large pores after a rain is called _____.

2. Maintaining surface residues on a soil will ____ surface soil warming in the Spring.

3. Maximum plant available water is _____ minus ____.

4. In a typical row crop production system, most of the soil organic matter originates from _______.

5. The amount of soil that can be lost by erosion, while crop production is maintained economically for the long term is _____.

6. In most situations, surface soil _____ will be lower after water erosion occurs.

7. Soil microorganisms cause ______ in soil structure when crop residues are added to soil.

8. A day when there is _____ probability of precipitation would be best for pesticide application to minimize pesticide losses in runoff.

9. Which of the following would be an acceptable conservation practice for a steep slope?

10. Which of the soil textures listed below has the highest porosity and lowest bulk density?

11. How many acres in the S½ of the S½ of Section 29?

12. Poorly drained soils that are wet most of the year are often __ _

13. Nutrient enrichment of a surface water is termed______.

14. ______ decreases odor and NH3 losses from biosolids.

15. If a soil has an EC of 0.6 siemens per meter and contains 20 percent sodium on the CEC, it is a ____ soil.

16. Which of the following are most sensitive to saline water?

17. Which of the following has the greatest impact on infiltration?

18. The stable form of soil organic matter is called ______.

19. What is the percent crop residue cover if the average number ofresidue intersections is 20 at 6 inch increments over 50 feet?

20. Any factor that ____ runoff and ____ surface protection, increases erosion.

21. Seedling emergence is hindered by _____.

22. Soil _____ has little effect on sulfate movement.

23. Maximum ET generally occurs ______.

24. If a field has an 11 foot change in elevation over a distance of 1000 feet, the slope is _____%.

25. Which of the following clays contributes most to CEC if the same amount of each clay is present?

26. Phosphorus transport from a field can be reduced by ____.

27. Which of the following is a kind of wind erosion that forms dust storms?

28. What is the most important soil property that affects soil health?

29. Excessive soil moisture generally ____ nutrient uptake.

30. Which kind of erosion removes a thin layer of soil?

31. Subsurface compaction from tillage usually starts ____.

32. Limited soil moisture generally _____ nutrient uptake.

33. Well water contamination from surface water can be prevented by using a ____.

34. A horizon that contains illuviated clay is the _____ horizon

35. Which of the following is negatively charged?

36. Which of the following irrigation systems is least labor intensive?

37. The irrigation method where water is applied at low volume is _____.

38. ____ are raised soil areas used to improve drainage.

39. Knowing the drainage class of soil is helpful when building a __ _

40. Which kind of soil structure would be typical for a good seed bed?

41. Which of the following soil textures has the greatest % porosity?

42. Which of the following factors does not affect wind erosion?

43. Sediments in runoff decrease ____ in surface waters.

44. Which of the following must exist for ET to occur?

45. Cations are held on the CEC by ____ charges on clay and organic matter.

46. Which of the following can decrease bulk density?

47. Irrigation is needed when the soil moisture deficit equals 6 inches. How long will it be before irrigation is needed if the average daily ET is 0.5 inches and one 1 inch rainfall event occurs with no runoff? Initial soil moisture deficit is 2 inches .

48. Which of the following is most important in carbon sequestration?

49. Which of the following favors increased soil microbial activity?

50. Phosphorus is transported by _____ from fields.