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History - Cuban Missile Crisis (Revision)

AQA History A Level Revision - Cuban Missile Crisis
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Fulham79
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Last updated: February 1, 2023
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First submittedFebruary 1, 2023
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Answer
When did Fidel Castro return to Cuba after exile?
December 1956
Who was the initial president of Cuba?
Fulgencio Batista
When did Batista's government collapse?
January 1st 1959
What was a target for America in Cuba before the collapse?
Economic stability
Why did Castro need the support of a great power?
To respond to USA over reducing economic and political influence
When did Castro introduce Agrarian reform?
May 1959
What did this reform lead to?
US owned property being seized by the state
Which Soviet First Deputy Premier visited Cuba?
Anastas Mikoyan
When did he visit?
February 1960
What did Cuba gain from this meeting?
$100 million dollars in Credits from the Soviets
How was the Cuban-Soviet relationship?
An economic and political relationship
When did Cuba receive a shipment of Crude Oil from the Soviets?
April 1960
What happened when US oil companies refused to refine the oil?
Castro nationalised them
What was the US response?
Reduced imports of Cuban Sugar by 95%
What were the assets worth that Castro seized in October 1960?
$1 billion dollars
Who planned the Bay of Pigs invasion?
President Eisenhower
Who was US president in 1961?
John F Kennedy
How many anti-Castro exiles landed on Cuba?
1500
When did Kennedy authorise Operation Mongoose?
30th November 1961
What was the aim?
To use covert operations to overthrow Castro from within
Who did Kennedy appoint to lead the operation?
General Edward Lansdale
What was the airstrike plan known as?
OPLAN 312
What was the land-based invasion known as?
OPLAN 314
What terrain were the nuclear weapons placed in Cuba?
Mountains of Cuba
What did the Soviets also provide?
Fighter planes, bombers and 14,000 ground troops
What was the range of the nuclear weapons?
From 1100KM to 2800KM
Why did the Soviets place nuclear weapons in Cuba?
To achieve nuclear parity
When did a US U-2 spy plane see ballistic missiles in Cuba?
14th October 1962
When did Kennedy organise a meeting of ExComm?
16th October 1962
What did ExComm decide?
To organise a naval blockade
When did the first Soviet ships reach the blockade?
24th October 1962
When did Khrushchev send a telegraph to Kennedy?
Friday 26th October
What did Khrushchev effectively want from the telegram?
He wanted a way out of the crisis
What did Khrushchev propose?
If the USA didn't invade Cuba, the Soviets would remove nuclear weapons.
What did Castro order on the same day?
To fire at low-level reconnaissance planes
What letter did Kennedy reply to from Khrushchev?
Kennedy replied to the first letter
Why did Robert Kennedy meet with Soviet Ambassador Dobrynin?
To inform that Kennedy was willing to remove the Jupiter missiles in Turkey
When did Khrushchev agree to remove the missiles and end the war?
Sunday morning, 28th October
What treaty was signed in October 1963?
The Moscow Test Ban Treaty
What did this treaty do?
Banned testing in outer space and under water
What period developed from this point?
Detente
Did Cuba stay communist?
Yes
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