AGK 021 & 022

1. The battery master switch should be turned to OFF after the engine is stopped to avoid the battery discharging through the:

Ignition switch.

Magnetos.

Electrical services connected to it.

Alternator or generator.

2. In the aircraft tanks, fuel is most likely to be contaminated by water from:

Poorly fitting fuel caps.

Atmospheric air remaining in the tanks.

Leaks in the tanks that have let in rain.

Contamination during re-fuelling.

3. Why do aircraft engine ignition systems incorporate a means of spark augmentation?

All answers are correct.

Because, at high engine speeds, a fat spark is needed to extract maximum power from the air-fuel mixture.

Because the speed of rotation of the engine, during starting, is too low for the magneto to produce enough energy to ignite the air-fuel mixture.

In order to overcome the problem of spark-retard during starting.

4. Where, in an aircraft engine fuel system, is the electric fuel-boost pump normally fitted?

Between the mechanical fuel pump and the carburettor.

At the highest point of the fuel tank.

At the lowest point of the fuel tank.

Immediately adjacent to the mechanical fuel pump.

5. Blade angle ____ from the hub to the tip of a propeller blade in order to maintain an optimal ____ from hub to tip.

Decreases, Angle of Attack.

Decreases, Geometric Pitch.

Increases, Effective Pitch.

Increases, Angle of Attack.

6. If a flight is made from an area of high pressure into an area of low pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the aircraft true altitude:

Decreases.

Will be unreliable.

Increases.

Stays unchanged.

7. What would be the indication of an aircraft altimeter if the pilot fails to set QNH during descent, and therefore lives the instrument set to the standard pressure?

The airport heigh above the pressure plane 1013.2 hPa.

The indication is not usable.

The airport elevation.

Zero.

8. While taxying in an aircraft fitted with a fixed pitch propeller, you suspect that you have carburettor icing. The correct action to take would be to:

Select carburettor heat to fully hot. Then, before take-off, select carburettor heat cold, making sure that the engine develops the correct minimum take-off rpm.

Select carburettor heat to fully hot and leave this setting selected until you have taken off and are climbing away.

Select carburettor heat to fully hot; then select cold as the rpm drops.

Avoid the use of carburettor heat on the ground, and rely on the heat of the engine within the cowlings to melt the ice.

9. If a pilot changes the altimeter setting to a lower pressure, the altitude indication will:

Unreliable.

Decrease.

Stay unchanged.

Increase.

10. The power output of an internal combustion engine can be increased by:

Increasing the engine R.P.M.

Decreasing the length of the stroke.

Increasing the size of the fuel tank.

Decreasing the area of the cylinder.

11. Detonation is:

Harmful to the pistons.

Cannot be identified externally.

Part of normal engine running

Also known as 'piston slap'.

12. A reciprocating aviation engine develops the highest power:

During takeoff.

In level flight at low altitude.

At high altitudes.

During takeoff with full RPM.

13. Oil in a reciprocating engine serves:

As additive for proper fuel/air which burns in the cylinders.

For lubricating and cooling of the engine.

To increase mixture combustion temperature in the cylinders.

For quiet engine operating only.

14. To assist in reducing the temperature of the engine:

The airspeed can be reduced.

The air-fuel mixture can be weakened.

The air-fuel mixture can be richened.

The cowl flaps can be closed.

15. A Direction lndicator:

Is not affected by drift produced from mechanical friction in the gyro gimbal bearings.

Is badly affected by acceleration in a turn.

Suffers from apparent drift of the gyro from the fixed position in space to which it was aligned, produced by Earth rotation.

Provides a stable reference in azimuth and elevation for maintaining accurate headings and pitch attitudes.

16. When an aircraft is in flight, the pressure sensed by the forward facing hole in the pitot tube is:

Dynamic pressure only.

Total pressure plus dynamic pressure.

Static pressure only.

Dynamic pressure plus static pressure.

17. What will be the consequence for the validity of an aircraft's arworthiness f the aircraft is not maintained in accordance with the approved maintenance schedule detailed in the Certificate of Airworthiness ( C of A)?

The C of A must be renewed before the aircraft may fly.

The validity of the C of A will not be affected.

The C of A will be rendered invalid until such time as the required maintenance is completed.

The aircraft owner must apply to the CAA for an exemption from the required maintenance schedule.

18. On your instrument panel, the suction gauge is showing system failure. However, the gyrodriven instruments appear to be functioning normally, and the Low Vacuum Warning Light is off. Where do you think the problem lies?

With the Low Vacuum Warning Light.

In the suction gauge.

In the suction system.

In the gyro driven instruments.

19. Carbon monoxide gas, which is highly toxic, may enter the aeroplane cabin in flight because of an exhaust system defect. Carbon Monoxide:

Is odourless and colourless.

May be identified by its strong smell.

May be identified by its grey colour.

Has a very distinctive taste.

20. If primary structure breaks during the flight it causes:

An instant accident

Changes the load factor category one step lower

Does not have an effect on aviation safety

Does not cause immediate danger

21. The correct working cycle of a four stroke engine is:

Induction, power, compression, exhaust.

Induction, compression, power, exhaust.

Exhaust, induction, power, compression.

Exhaust power induction, compression.

22. Which of the following is an appropriate action to take if you have a carburettor fire on startup?

All answers are correct.

Select mixture control to Idle Cut Off (ICO).

Deselect carburettor heat.

Turn the starter switch to "Off".

23. If set to QNH, what will be aircraft altimeter reading after landing?

Airfield height above the mean sea level.

Airfield height above the pressure plane 1013,2 hPa.

Zero.

Airfield pressure altitude above the standard value.

24. Carburetor heat of a piston engine:

Increases significantly fuel consumption

Does not have effect on fuel consumption

Leans fuel mixture

Decreases significantly fuel consumption

25. It is possible to get carburettor icing when the relative humidity is unknown within a temperature range of:

At any temperature.

-30°C to +10°C.

0°C and below.

-20°C to +10°C.

26. The main advantage of an alternator over a generator is that:

An alternator produces direct current from its armature.

The output of a generator fluctuates too much.

An alternator will give almost full power at engine idling speed.

A generator can only produce alternating current.

27. When the engine is stopped, the main source of electrical power is the:

Battery.

Generator or alternator.

Circuit breaker.

Magneto.

28. While carrying out the Dead Cut Check, with the right magneto selected, you notice that the engine falters, and you suspect it will stop running. What should you do?

Quickly switch to both magnetos.

Allow the engine to stop completely, the fault must be find out before the next flight is conducted.

Quickly switch to the left magneto.

Open the throttle to keep the engine running, and then select both magnetos.

29. The diagram shows a light aircraft electrical power system, which employs a centre-zero reading ammeter. (See LAPL/PPL 020-03). In flight with the battery fully charged and the battery switch ON, you would expect the ammeter to be:

Fluctuating, but mainly showing a negative reading.

In the centre-zero position.

To the right showing a large positive reading.

To the left showing a negative reading.

30. Aircraft's primary structures include:

Navigation and landing lights.

Cam plates, cover plates, trim tabs.

Wing spars, wing skin plateswing and stabilizer attachment fittings.

Fuselage nose, trailing edge panels, landing gear door.

31. If the power supply to the pitot heater failed during flight in icing conditions and the aircraft subsequently descended, the readings on the Altimeter/the VSI/the ASI would, if ice had blocked the pitot (Total Pressure) tube:

Under-read / Read Correctly / Over-read.

Read Correctly / Read Correctly / Untrustworthy.

Read Correctly / Under-read / Over-read.

Read Correctly / Read Correctly / Over-read.

32. An engine that does not have a carburettor but rather metered fuel that is fed under:

Fuel injection.

Metering carburettor.

Pressure into the induction manifold, is said to have.

Supercharging.

33. In what flight condition is a torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?

High airspeed, low power, high angle of attack.

Low airspeed, low power, low angle of attack.

Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.

High airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.

34. How soon after starting a cold aircraft engine should the oil pressure gauge give an indication?

Immediately; otherwise shut down the engine.

Within 30 seconds; otherwise shut down the engine.

As long as the oil levels were at an adequate level before start-up, and RPM is within limits, it is probable that the oil pressure gauge is faulty and should be reported after the flight.

By the time pre-flight checks are complete; otherwise shut down the engine.

35. An accelerator pump is used to prevent a "flat spot". A "flat spot" is:

When the throttle is opened quickly and the mixture becomes temporarily too rich.

When the throttle is closed and the mixture becomes temporarily too rich.

When the throttle is closed quickly and the engine is starved of fuel.

When the throttle is opened quickly and the demand for fuel cannot be met immediately.

36. It is best to run the engine with the mixture:

Slightly rich, as the remaining air helps cool the engine.

Slightly weak, as the remaining air helps cool the engine.

Slightly rich, as the remaining fuel helps cool the engine.

Chemically correct as this is most efficient.

37. In fuel sample water appears as:

Bubbles at the top of the sample

Multicoloured spots at the surface of the sample

Bubbles at the bottom of the sample

Multicoloured spots at the bottom of the sample

38. lt is important to ensure the priming pump is locked after use because:

It may cause a fuel leak, resulting in an increased fire risk.

It may cause fuel to be sucked from the fuel strainer into the inlet manifold, causing an extremely rich mixture.

It may cause fuel to be sucked from the fuel tank into the carburettor, causing an extremely rich mixture.

If it vibrates closed, it will cause the engine to stop.

39. On a light aircraft fitted with a mechanically steered nose wheel, steering on the ground is normally effected by:

Control rods/cables operated by the rudder pedals.

Cables operated from the aileron control wheel.

Use of the differential braking technique, only.

Hydraulic jacks which allow self-centring.

40. While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?

The excessively rich mixture will create higher cylinder head temperatures and may cause detonation.

The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.

The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean and may cause pre-ignition.

There will be more fuel in the cylinders than is needed for normal combustion, and the excess fuel will absorb heat and cool the engine.

41. What would be the most likely cause of fluctuating oil pressure in an aircraft engine?

Faulty oil pressure indicator.

Loose prop seal.

Worn or loose bearing.

Low oil level.

42. In a dive, with the throttle setting constant, the engine R.P.M. of an aircraft fitted with a fixed pitch propeller will:

Remain constant whatever the airspeed.

Decrease as the airspeed increases.

Increase if the airspeed is allowed to increase.

Decrease as long as the throttle setting is not changed.

43. To work at its highest efficiency, the engine:

Needs to be at the highest temperature consistent with safe operation.

Oil system must constantly be supplied with hot oil.

Needs to be at the lowest temperature consistent with safe operation.

Must be used at high altitude to take advantage of the cooling effect of the atmosphere.

44. What change occurs in the fuel/air mixture when carburettor heat is applied?

The fuel/air mixture stays the same.

A decrease in RPM results from the lean mixture.

The fuel/air mixture becomes leaner.

The fuel/air mixture becomes richer.

45. Transition level is:

5000ft

FL 50

Flight level where pilot changes to QNH setting

Altitude where pilot changes to QNE setting

46. Which of the following will increase the angle of attack of a fixed pitch propeller blade?

Decreased TAS and increased RPM.

Increased TAS and increased RPM.

Increased TAS and decreased RPM.

Decreased TAS and decreased RPM.

47. Pitot static tube measures:

Dynamic pressure

Static pressure

Total pressure

Reynolds pressure

48. What would be the result of a single magneto failure on an aircraft in cruise flight?

Black smoke would be observed from the exhaust.

The engine would be difficult to control.

A slight drop in RPM, plus a slight increase in fuel consumption.

The engine would backfire excessively.

49. A halon fire extinguisher:

Is safe to use in an enclosed cockpit.

Gives off highly toxic fumes and should never be used in an enclosed cockpit

Is only suitable for wood or fabric fires and is, therefore, of no use in a cockpit

Is quite safe to use in an enclosed cockpit if the cockpit is subsequently ventilated.

50. Magnetos are:

Fitted within the distributor and fire in the same sequence as the spark-plugs.

Self-contained, engine driven, electrical generators which produce high voltage sparks.

Generators, driven by the cam-shaft, used to supply electrical equipment.

Used to generate low voltage sparks for the spark-plugs.

51. What causes the true airspeed of an airplane to differ from its indicated airspeed?

The forward wind component.

Yaw error caused by the yawing movement in cruise flight.

Variations in temperature and air density.

Pitot error caused by flow losses in the pitot tube.

52. Cross checking means:

Monitoring power and air speed alternately

Monitoring and interpreting two or more instrument displays in order to conclude and maintain aircraft's position

The use of check list in emergency situations

53. Why do high compression engines require fuels of a higher grade?

To avoid pre-ignition and resulting destruction of the engine.

To develop more power.

To prevent carburettor icing at high speeds.

To avoid detonation and resulting destruction of the engine.

54. Which adverse effect, caused by a gyroscopic effect, will a pilot experience during the takeoff roll while lifting a tail off the ground?

Yawing.

Banking tendency.

Pitching.

Nose up tendency.

55. The prevention of excessive oil pressure in an aircraft engine is assured by:

The engine's filter by-pass valve.

Ensuring that the engine does not exceed the red-line rpm value.

The engine's high capacity pressure pump.

The engine's oil pressure relief valve.

56. White color in air speed indicator means:

Overspeed

Operating range for flaps

Normal flight speed range

Operating range for landing gear

57. If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburettor, the first indication of carburettor ice would most likely be:

Engine roughness.

A rise in cylinder head temperature.

Loss of RPM.

A drop in oil temperature and cylinder head temperature.

58. What part(s) of a reciprocating aircraft engine seal(s) the combustion chamber?

The spark plugs.

The cylinder rings and valves.

The cylinder gasket.

The camshaft.

59. Semi-monocoque can be defined as:

An apertureless structure with load bearing formers being supported by stringers and longerons over a stressed skin.

A framework of light-gauge steel tubes welded together to form a space frame of triangular shape.

A structure with no apertures at all.

A stressed skin with supported apertures containing an internal structure framework.

60. One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for:

Improved engine efficiency = improved performance.

Double capacity.

Balanced cylinder head pressure.

Uniform heat distribution.

61. Can the alternator of an aircraft engine operate without the battery?

Yes, however at high RPM only.

Yes, provided the magnetos operate properly.

Yes, provided the pilot has switched off all electrical services on board.

No, not in any case.

62. The crankshaft in a piston engine:

Controls the clearance of the valves.

Converts rotary motion into reciprocating movement.

Rotates at half the camshaft speed.

Converts reciprocating movement into rotary motion.

63. When referring to the magnetic compass, pilots must bear in mind that:

Turning errors increase, the nearer the aircraft is to the Magnetic Equator, and diminish as the aircraft approaches the Magnetic Poles.

Turning errors are maximum when turning through East and West, and minimum when turning through North and South.

Turning errors are maximum when turning through North and South, and minimum when turning through East and West.

Acceleration errors increase the nearer the aircraft is to the Magnetic Poles, and diminish as the aircraft approaches the Magnetic Equator.

64. A propeller blade is twisted along its length in order to:

Maintain the optimal Angle of Attack from root to tip.

Give a progressively increasing blade angle from root to tip.

Compensate for the decreasing linear speed of the blade from root to tip.

Give a progressively increasing pitch from root to tip.

65. In the event of an alternator or generator failure during flight the:

Flight may be continued normally because the battery supplies all electrical loads.

Electrical loads should be reduced to a minimum and a landing made as soon as safely practicable.

Shut down all electrical devices and land as soon as possible.

Alternator master switch should be turned off and flight continued normally without electrical power.

66. The maximum speed for flaps extension:

Is equal to the maximum cruising speed.

Must refer to manual.

Is equal to the maneuvering speed.

Must refer to Certificate of Airworthiness.

67. Ignoring any Instrument or Position Errors, in what conditions will the Air Speed Indicator indicate the True Airspeed of an aircraft?

At any altitude or temperature.

At any altitude, provided that the temperature lapse rate is in accordance with ISA.

In ISA, sea-level conditions only.

At any altitude, but only when ISA conditions prevail.

68. A 100 Ampere-Hour battery:

Will, in theory, supply 20 Amps for up to 5 hours.

Supplies the bus-bars through a 45 Ampere circuit breaker.

Must be used in parallel with another similar battery.

Takes 100 hours to charge.

69. What is the purpose of an auxiliary fuel boost pump installed in some light aircraft?

Providing fuel to the carburettor during start-up and supplying fuel if the engine driven fuel pump fails.

Pre-injection of fuel into engine cylinders.

Faster emptying of fuel tanks.

Increasing engine efficiency.

70. Pre-ignition in a four stroke piston engine is:

The fuel-air mixture burning earlier than plug sparkles.

Caused by a rich mixture in a hot engine.

The explosive combustion of the fuel-air mixture.

Characterised by the ringing nature of the explosion it causes.

71. Immediately after starting an aircraft engine, you must check the starter warning light. If it is still illuminated you should:

Shut down the engine, count to 30, and then attempt a re-start.

Monitor it for 30 seconds. If it remains illuminated shut down the engine.

Do nothing. The starter warning light should stay on while the engine is running.

Shut down the engine immediately.

72. Carburettor ice has formed in the venturi of your carburettor and your aircraft starts losing power. Will the use of carburettor heat result in immediate increase in RPM?

Yes, since the carburettor ice will melt immediately.

No, in a fixed-pitch propeller aircraft there will first be some rough running and a further loss of RPM as the melted ice is ingested by the engine. Then RPM will increase.

Yes, since carburettor heat simply melts the ice and does not affect RPM.

No, since carburettor heat simply melts the ice and does not affect RPM.

73. Which is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators on any one aircraft or glider?

Maximum structural cruising speed (VMO).

Maximum speed with wing flaps extended (VFE).

Never-exceed speed (VNE).

Maneuvering speed (VA).

74. Can an engine of a parked modern reciprocating aircraft fire if somebody turns the propeller by hand?

Normally not if the engine is cold with ignition switched off.

No, under no circumstances.

Yes, always.

Yes, provided the master switch is on or ignition is faulty.

75. Aircraft maintenance carried out by a private pilot in accordance with the pilot's legal entitlement:

Is to be entered in the aircraft's log book and certified by a licensed engineer.

Is to be entered in the aircraft's log book and certified by the pilot who carried out the maintenance.

Need not be logged or recorded.

Is to be entered in the aircraft's log book and certified by a CAD approved inspector.

76. The piston rod in a reciprocating engine forms a link between:

The rocker arm and the valve body.

The valve rod and the rocker arm.

The cylinder piston and the camshaft.

The cylinder piston and the crankshaft.

77. In icing conditions, if a static vent became blocked during level flight and the aircraft subsequently climbed, the readings on the Altimeter/the VSI/the ASI would:

Over-read / Over-read / Under-read

Under-read / Remain unchanged / Over-read

Remain unchanged / Remain unchanged / Under-read

Remain unchanged / Under-read / Over-read

78. An altimeter:

Contains a partially evacuated capsule that expands during a descent.

Contains a barometric capsule, connected to a total pressure source, that contracts during a descent.

Contains a barometric capsule that expands during a descent.

Contains an aneroid capsule connected to a static pressure source. The capsule contracts during a descent.

79. The operating principle of float-type carburettors is based on the:

Difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.

Increase in air pressure in the throat of a venturi causing an increase in air velocity.

Increase in air velocity in the throat of a venturi causing an increase in air pressure.

Automatic metering of air at the venturi as the aircraft gains altitude.

80. When set to QFE pressure, an altimeter will indicate the:

Height above the airfield.

Flight level.

True altitude above ground surface.

Altitude above sea level.

81. The purpose of the compass deviation card fixed next to an aircraft's magnetic compass is to:

Indicate the discrepancy between the heading shown on the compass and the actual magnetic heading.

Compensate for the influence of magnetic material carried on the person of the pilot and/or passengers.

Indicate the discrepancy between the aircraft's track and true north.

Indicate the discrepancy between the aircraft's track and magnetic north.

82. The Mechanical Tachometer:

Is driven directly from the prop shaft. Gears reduce the speed of rotation so that a generator can be used to produce a voltage proportional to shaft speed which is indicated on a gauge calibrated in RPM.

Works on the principle of a magnetic field being induced in a drag cup and creating a torque which rotates a shaft attached to the pointer on the dial of a Tachometer.

Uses the friction generated in a drag cup to rotate a shaft, which is connected to a pointer, against the pressure of a hairspring.

Is driven directly from the alternator drive.

83. Besides the altimeter, which instruments are connected to the static pressure line?

Airspeed indicator and vertical speed indicator.

Airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, and turn-and-skid indicator.

Airspeed indicator and external temperature indicator.

Airspeed indicator only.

84. As an aircraft with a variable-pitch, constant-speed propeller accelerates along the runway:

The linear velocity of the propeller tip will gradually decrease.

The angle of attack will remain constant and the engine R.P.M. will increase.

The angle of attack will decrease and the engine R.P.M. remain constant.

The blade pitch angle increases, maintaining a constant angle of attack and R.P.M.

85. As air enters the restriction of a Venturi, velocity ____ , static or ambient pressure ____ and temperature ____ .

lncreases / lncreases / Increases

Decreases / Increases / Decreases

Increases / Decreases / Decreases

Decreases / Decreases / Increases

86. The exhaust gas temperature gauge:

Does the same job as the cylinder head temperature gauge.

Is an engine instrument designed to protect the engine from excessive heat.

Requires power from the D.C. bus-bar.

Can indicate whether the air-fuel mixture being drawn into the combustion chamber is too lean or too rich.

87. Directional gyroscope is set in right position in nose wheel aircrafts:

When aircraft is trimmed to level flight on crosscountry flight

Mechanic does it during maintenance

During climb

Before departure in ground when the aircraft stays still

88. Pre-ignition:

Happens after the spark occurs at the plug.

Is also known as pinking.

Occurs after ignition.

Is usually caused by a hot spot in the combustion chamber.

89. After starting a cold engine, if the oil pressure gauge does not indicate within approximately 30 seconds:

This may be ignored, provided that the oil level was checked to be sufficient before start- up.

The engine rpm should be increased and then the oil pressure re-checked.

The engine must be stopped immediately.

This may be ignored if the oil temperature is high, provided that the oil level was checked to be sufficient before start-up.

90. The significance of using the chemically correct mixture of air and fuel is that:

It is the one usually used.

It allows complete combustion to occur.

It gives the best results.

It is 15:1 by volume.

91. Which altitudes indicates an aircraft altimeter if set to standard atmospheric pressure?

Flight levels.

Relative altitudes.

True altitudes above the ground surface.

Absolute altitudes.

92. Engine compression ratio is the ratio of the:

Swept volume to the clearance volume.

Total volume to the clearance volume.

Swept volume to the total volume.

Clearance volume to the swept volume.

93. Some carburettors are fitted with a diffuser which:

Prevents the mixture becoming too lean as the rpm increases.

Prevents the mixture becoming too rich as the rpm decreases.

Prevents the mixture becoming too rich as the rpm increases.

Prevents the mixture becoming too lean as the rpm decreases.

94. What does the green color band on the airspeed indicator of an aircraft indicate?

The landing gear and flaps operating speed range.

Normal operating speed range.

Dangerous area.

Maximum allowed speed.

95. During one complete Otto Cycle, the piston:

Moves towards the cylinder head four times.

Rotates around the gudgeon pin twice.

Receives two power strokes.

Moves towards the cylinder head twice.

96. The principal reason why light training aircraft have fixed undercarriages is that:

Training aircraft need to manoeuvre on the ground.

Training aircraft need to be supported at a convenient height.

Training aircraft need to ensure that kinetic energy on landing is absorbed

The reduced performance caused by the additional drag of a fixed undercarriage is offset by its simplicity, low cost and easy maintenance.

97. Baffles:

Are directional air guides which direct the airflow fully around the cylinder.

Are placed within the lubrication system to slow down the passage of oil into the engine.

Must be close fitting to reduce the flow of air around the engine.

Reduce the flow of air around the engine.

98. How much maintenance cycle can be exceeded?

Max. 5%

Max. 20%

Max. 15%

Max. 10%

99. For internal cooling, a reciprocating aircraft engine especially depends on:

The air flowing over the exhaust manifold.

The circulation of lubricating oil.

The liquid coolant flowing over the exhaust manifold.

A properly functioning thermostat.

100. The most common method for shutting down an aircraft engine equipped with carburettor is:

Switching the starter switch to off.

Closing the throttle and moving the mixture to ICO.

Closing the throttle.

Moving the mixture to Idle Cut off (ICO).

101. The temperature of the gases within the cylinder of a four stroke engine during the power stroke will:

Decrease.

Increase.

Remain constant.

Follow Charles's Law.

102. A flying control lock:

Is only necessary on the elevators.

Is used to lock the controls on the ground to prevent damage in high wind conditions.

Must always be used when flying in gusty conditions.

Will constrain the control column to its design limits so as not to overstress the airframe during normal operations.

103. Choose the correct statement concerning the colour markings of air speed indicator:

Yellow = normal use

Red = stall speed in clean configuration

White = max. Speed in turbulent weather

Green = normal opertating range

104. When a compass swing is being carried out:

It will enable the aircraft's variation to be determined.

It can be carried out on any part of the airfield which is dry and flat.

The aircraft's heading compass reading is compared with readings from a 'land or datum' compass.

It will enable the aircraft's true heading to be determined.

105. A carburettor is used to supply:

Air to the engine cylinders.

Fuel in atmospheric pressure to the engine cylinders.

A fuel/air mixture to the engine cylinders.

Fuel to the engine cylinders.

106. The diagram shows a light aircraft electrical power system (See LAPL/PPL 020- 01). In flight if the loadmeter reading drops to zero, the most probable cause is that the:

Battery has been fully charged.

Alternator has failed.

Bus-bar is overloaded.

Battery is flat.

107. The power output of a four-stroke piston engine at sea level:

Is proportional to the volume of mixture induced into the cylinder.

Increases initially, then remains constant as rpm increases.

Increases as rpm increases.

Is constant as rpm increases.

108. Within one "Otto" cycle, the valves of a four stroke piston engine will open:

Twice.

During the induction stroke.

During the power stroke.

Once.

109. If a fire occurs in a wheel and tyre assembly and immediate action is required to extinguish it, the safest extinguishant to use is:

Carbon dioxide.

Bromotrifluoromethane (BTF).

Dry powder.

Water acid.

110. If a blockage occurs in the oil cooler of an aircraft engine while the aircraft is in flight, a by-pass valve allows the oil to by-pass the cooler. The by-pass functions on the principle of:

Pressure dependence.

Hydraulic selection.

Temperature dependence.

Mechanical selection.

111. The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to:

Increase the amount of fuel in the mixture to compensate for the decrease in pressure.

Decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.

Density of the air.

Decrease the amount of fuel in the mixture in order to compensate for increased air density.

112. Where in the engine is the oil temperature read by the temperature probe which is connected to the engine's oil temperature gauge?

Inside the hot sections of the engine.

Before the oil has passed through the oil cooler.

As the oil leaves the oil tank.

After the oil has passed through the oil cooler but before it reaches the hot sections of the engine.

113. Instruments normally supplied from the electrical system include the:

Engine rpm indicator and the turn co-ordinator.

Engine rpm indicator and the fuel quantity gauges.

Fuel quantity gauges and the turn co-ordinator.

Turn co-ordinator and oil pressure gauge.

114. Which instruments are usually powered by a vacuum pump system? (1) Direction Indicator (2) Turn Coordinator (3) Attitude Indicator (4) Altimeter (5) Magnetic Compass.

(1) and (2).

(1), (3) and (4).

(1), (3) and (5).

(1) and (3).

115. The distributor arm rotates at:

One quarter engine speed.

A half engine speed.

Engine speed.

Twice engine speed.

116. Density altitude is

A value that is used to measure engine's performance

A altitude display of altimeter when the altimeter has QNE settings

A altitude display of altimeter when the altimeter has QFE settings

A altitude display of altimeter when the altimeter has QNH settings

117. To which source of electrical power is the starter of an aircraft engine connected to?

Directly to the battery.

To the alternator or generator.

Depends on the type of aircraft.

To the external source of electrical power only.

118. ISA conditions at mean sea level:

Air density 1,225g/m3 and air pressure 1013,25hPa

Air density 1225g/m3 ja air temperature drops 6,5°C/km

Air pressure 1013mbar and air temperature drops 1,98°C/km

Air pressure 1013bar and air temperature drops 6,5°C/km

119. A Direction Indicator may be aligned with the magnetic compass:

Periodically, to offset the affect of acceleration during a turn.

Because of the effect of liquid swirl.

By using the caging knob to rotate the Dl azimuth card when the wings are level.

To minimise the effect of magnetic dip.

120. For exciting of the alternator an initial electrical current is needed, provided by the:

Current distributor.

Magneto.

Ignition coil.

Battery.

121. Which of the following is not a component of a dry vacuum system?

A system lubrication device.

A vacuum generator.

A filter to clean the air.

A vacuum controller.

122. If an altimeter is set to QFE pressure, the instrument indication after landing will be:

The airfield pressure height above the standard value.

The airfield height above the pressure plain 1013.2 hPa.

Zero.

The airfield elevation.

123. What is the function of a shimmy dumper on an aircraft undercarriage?

To decrease shocks on direction pedals.

To decrease main leg piston travel.

To dumpen bouncing.

To prevent nose wheel vibrations.

124. The power of an aviation engine without a supercharger decreases with altitude because of:

Higher air density it receives too poor fuel/air mixture.

Lower outside temperatures it does not operate at optimum temperature.

Lower air density and therefore insufficient cylinder loading.

Lower air density it receives too rich fuel/air mixture.

125. As the throttle is advanced, what happens to the constant-speed propeller of an aircraft?

RPM will increase.

Angle of attack will increase.

Angle of attack will decrease.

Angle of attack will not change.

126. The gyro in an artificial horizon is:

An earth gyro rotating in a vertical plane about the aircraft's longitudinal axis.

A tied gyro rotating in a horizontal plane about the aircraft's longitudinal axis.

An earth gyro rotating in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis.

An earth gyro rotating in a vertical plane about the aircraft's lateral axis.

127. The most probable cause of the needle of the oil pressure gauge fluctuating when the aircraft is in level flight with the engine running at cruise rpm is:

The presence of air in the oil tank.

A low oil supply

A loose electrical connection.

The presence of air in the oil tank.

128. The component parts of the wing shown in the diagram are: (See LAPL/PPL 020- 02) A/B/C

Primary Spar/Formers/Stringer

Front Spar/Formers/Rear Spar

Front Spar/Secondary Spar/Former

Stringers/Secondary Spar/Former

129. Most nose wheels on modern light aircraft are:

Spring coil struts.

Spring steel struts.

Oleo pneumatic shock-absorber struts.

Compressed rubber struts.

130. 1 hPa in altimeter setting is:

27ft

270ft

100ft

27m

131. The octane number of the fuel means:

Fuel's ability to tolerate detonation

The heat of vaporization of the fuel

Fuel's ability to tolerate frost

The kindling point of the fuel

132. The red line on an airspeed indicator of a sport aircraft represents:

The speed which must not be exceeded any time.

The speed which could be exceeded in calm air only.

The maximum speed for abrupt controls movement.

The speed which could be exceeded with the wing flaps raised and the landing gear retracted.

133. Which instrument(s) is(are) connected to the total pressure?

Classic vertical speed indicator and altimeter.

Airspeed indicator only.

Airspeed indicator, classic rate-of-climb indicator and altimeter.

Classic vertical speed indicator only.

134. A magnetic heading:

Is always referenced to True North.

Is the sum of the compass heading, compass deviation and variation.

Is not affected by turning errors.

Is the sum of the compass heading and compass deviation.

135. If you suspect carburettor icing when flying an aircraft whose engine is not fitted with a carburettor air-temperature gauge, the correct action would be:

To select the appropriate amount of carburettor heat depending on the amount of icing suspected.

To always select full carburettor heat.

To open the throttle to make up for the lost power.

To always select full carburettor heat unless the engine starts to run roughly, at which point the carburettor heat should be selected to cold.

136. If the gyro of a turn indicator runs at a lower RPM than its design specification, how will the actual rate of turn of the aircraft compare to the rate of turn shown on the turn indicator?

The turn indicator will not indicate a rate of turn.

The actual rate of turn of the aircraft will be same as the rate indicated.

The actual rate of turn of the aircraft will be greater than the rate indicated.

The actual rate of turn of the aircraft will be less than the rate indicated.

137. Detonation could result from using:

Too low a manifold pressure.

Too high an RPM.

Too weak a mixture.

A higher grade fuel than recommended.

138. What does the red line on an aviation instrument generally represent?

Landing gear operating speed range.

Normal operating range.

Dangerous area.

Maximal or minimal allowed value.

139. What height does the altimeter indicate if set to local QNH?

Height above airport.

Height above sea level.

Flight level.

Height above terrain.

140. When enriching the mixture:

Power is increased

The amount of air becomes greater than the amount of fuel

The amount of fuel becomes greater than the amount of air

Pilot does not touch on throttle lever

141. Annual inspection is done:

After every 12 months

After every 6 months

After every 24 months

Together with 100 h maintenance

142. On a fixed pitch propeller aircraft whose engine is fitted with a carburettor, the first signs of induction system icing are:

A rise in manifold pressure and a reduction in air-speed, in level flight.

A gradual drop in rpm and possible rough running and vibration.

A rise in engine oil temperature and a fall in oil pressure.

A sudden drop in rpm and engine temperature.

143. Tyre creep:

Can be prevented by painting lines on the tyre and wheel.

Can be prevented with glue.

Can be recognised by the misalignment of markings painted on the tyre and the wheel.

Refers to the movement of an aircraft against the brakes.

144. Flying an aircraft with a flat battery, having started the engine using a ground source, is:

Not recommended because the electrical loads will not be energised.

Not recommended because the battery may not charge correctly during flight.

Acceptable because the battery will be fully charged again before take-off.

Acceptable because the battery is never required in flight.

145. If, while an aircraft is descending, the static vent leading to the Vertical Speed Indicator becomes blocked, the indicator will:

Indicate a descent.

Indicate a climb.

Continue to show the same reading.

Show a zero reading, after a short delay.

146. The barometric pressure scale on an aircraft altimeter serves for:

Exact setting of the altimeter during the annual inspection in a service facility.

Pressure difference reading between the air pressure at the airport level and the air pressure at the sea level.

Air pressure reading at flight altitude.

Setting of pressure value at the pressure level, from which will the altimeter measure altitudes.

147. Tyre creep may be identified by:

Two white blocks painted on the wheel flange.

A tyre pressure check.

Alignment marks painted on the tyre sidewall and wheel flange.

Two yellow diametrically opposed arrows painted on the tyre sidewalls.

148. On a reciprocating aviation engine, what is controlled by the exhaust temperature gauge (EGT)?

Oil consumption.

Oil pressure.

Quality of the fuel/air mixture.

Carburettor icing.

149. Theoretically, a 100Ah battery will supply 25A for:

25 hours.

25 minutes.

100 minutes.

4 hours.

150. If a fuse blows during flight it:

Should not be replaced until after landing.

May be replaced as often as required.

May be replaced by a fuse of a higher rating to ensure that it will not blow again.

May be replaced in the air once only, by one of the same value.

151. Connecting two 12 volt, 40 ampere-hour, capacity batteries in series will provide a battery of:

24 volts and 80 ampere-hours capacity.

12 volts and 40 ampere hours capacity.

24 volts and 40 ampere-hours capacity.

12 volts and 80 ampere-hours capacity.

152. What part in a reciprocating four-stroke engine operates the piston valves?

The piston rod.

The diffuser valve.

The camshaft.

The piston bolt.

153. Aquaplaning speed:

Increases as the depth of water on the ground increases.

Is measured in miles per hour.

Can be calculated, in knots, by multiplying the square root of the tyre pressure by nine.

Increases as the depth of tread on the tyres reduces.

154. If, during descent, the static sources to the airspeed indicator and altimeter become blocked by ice:

Both instruments will under-read.

Both instruments will over-read.

The airspeed indicator will over-read and the altimeter will under-read.

The airspeed indicator will under-read and the altimeter will over-read.

155. The cylinder head temperature gauge:

Is primarily a fuel management instrument.

Requires alternating current to power the instrument needle.

Obtains its temperature information from the hottest engine cylinder, by means of a probe consisting of two dissimilar metals joined together.

Obtains its information from a probe which is installed about four inches from the cylinder head on the exhaust system.

156. As you climb altitude ____ and density ____ and, therefore, the mixture will be____.

Decreases/Increases/Decreases.

Increases/Decreases/Decreases.

Increases/Decreases/Increases.

Decreases/Decreases/Increases.

157. The purpose of fins around the cylinder of a reciprocating air-cooled aircraft engine is:

A cylinder augmentation.

Increase the cooling area and better cylinder cooling.

A lower engine aerodynamic drag.

Decrease the cooling area and lower engine mass.

158. An abnormally high oil temperature indication in case of a four-stroke engine may be caused by:

Operating with too high viscosity oil.

Excessively rich mixture.

The oil level being too low.

The oil level being too high.

159. If the engine gets too hot, the mixture may ignite before the spark plug fires.

The mixture should be weakened to assist in cooling the engine.

This is called pre-ignition.

The throttle should be opened to assist in cooling the engine.

This is called detonation.

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