METEOROLOGY 050

1. Which of the statements below best describes a Col?

An area of widely spaced isobars between two highs and two lows.

An area between two highs where the isobars are very close together.

An extension of high pressure.

An extension of low pressure.

2. You are flying above the freezing level in the cold air just ahead of a warm front. If rain were to fall in this area, what kind of icing might you expect?

Rime ice.

Rain or clear ice.

Carburettor ice.

Hoar frost.

3. What is density defined as?

Mass per unit area.

Volume divided by mass.

Weight of air per unit area.

Mass per unit volume.

4. What is the ATIS?

A continuous broadcast of weather information.

A printed text report of current aerodrome and weather information.

A continuous broadcast of current aerodrome and weather information.

A chart of current aerodrome and weather information.

5. BECMG 1621/1701 BKN030 in a TAF means:

Becoming from 1621 UTC 5-7 oktas of cloud at 3000 ft agl.

Becoming between 1621 UTC and 1701 UTC 3-4 oktas of cloud at 300 ft agl.

Becoming from 1621 UTC 3-4 oktas of cloud at 300 ft agl.

Becoming between 2100 UTC on the 16 of the month and 0100 UTC on the 17 of the month 5-7 oktas of cloud at 3000 ft agl.

6. In cumulonimbus clouds there are large supercooled water droplets that form:

Rime ice

Steel ice

Clear ice

Hoar ice

7. Diurnal variation of the surface temperature will:

Be unaffected by a change of wind speed.

Decrease as wind speed increases.

Increase as wind speed increases.

Be at a minimum in calm conditions.

8. An aircraft flies at a constant indicated altitude from airfield A (QNH 1009 hPa) to airfield B (QNH 1019 hPa). If the subscale is not reset from 1009, what would be expected when over airfield B:

Indicated altitude to be less than actual altitude.

Indicated altitude to be the same as actual altitude.

Indicated altitude to be more than actual altitude.

Indicated altitude may be greater or less depending on the airfield elevation.

9. In which environment is aircraft structural ice most likely to have the highest accumulation rate?

Freezing drizzle.

Fog, temperature -25°C.

Cumulus clouds with below freezing temperatures.

Freezing rain.

10. The abbreviation "SWC" means:

Surface weather chart

Significant weather chart

Special weather chart

Space weather chart

11. The temperature at 2000ft above mean sea level is forecast to be 5°C; compared to the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (ISA) this is:

IAS +6.

ISA -6.

ISA +5.

IAS -6.

12. TEMPO group in weather report means:

Weather changes rapidly in given limitations.

Conditions which are expected to last for generally less than half the time period of whole change group.

That the probability of an occasional phenomenon to occur is over 30%.

Rapid, max. half an hour lasting changes occurs.

13. In a mountain wave situation, the worst of the turbulence is most likely to be found when flying:

In the lenticular cloud.

At about mid-height between the lenticular and roll cloud.

In or just below the roll cloud.

In the cap cloud.

14. The extent of rainfall ahead of a typical warm front may be up to a distance of:

200 miles ahead of the surface position of the warm front.

500 miles ahead of the surface position of the warm front.

50 miles ahead of the surface position of the warm front.

2 miles ahead of the surface position of the warm front.

15. On what frequency range is the ATIS usually broadcast?

ADR.

HF.

LF.

VHF.

16. Precipitation produced by stratus is normally?

Light showers.

Heavy rain.

Drizzle.

Heavy showers.

17. When condensation takes place, the higher the temperature the ____ the amount of latent heat ____:

Greater / released.

Lesser / released.

Lesser / absorbed.

Greater / absorbed.

18. What kind of weather is forecast for the period after 12:00 UTC? TAF LYBE 160500Z 1606/1706 13010KT 9000 BKN020 BECMG 1606/1608 SCT015CB BKN020 TEMPO 1608/1612 17012G22KT 1000 TSRA SCT010CB BKN020 FM161200 15006KT 9999 BKN020 BKN100=

Southeasterly wind 6 kts, visibility will be convenient for visual flying and the sky will be completely covered with clouds with base at 600 m.

Visibility will improve to 5 km to 10 km and cloud covering will decrease to 1/8 at 600 m and 1/8 at 3.000 m.

Moderate southeasterly wind with visibility improvement to more than 10 km, precipitations will stop, cloudiness will become greater with ceiling at 600 m.

Rainy weather with showers and gusty wind and visibility below 10 km.

19. The pressure of the atmosphere:

Decreases at a constant rate as height increases.

Decreases at an increasing rate as height increases.

Decreases at a constant rate up to the Tropopause and then remains constant.

Decreases at a decreasing rate as height increases.

20. With what type of clouds are shower precipitations associated?

CB.

CI.

NS.

ST.

21. FEW in weather report means that:

1-2/8 of the sky is occupied by clouds

8/8 of the sky is occupied by clouds

4-7/8 of the sky is occupied by clouds

3-4/8 of the sky is occupied by clouds

22. What is the approximate base of cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature is 27°C and the dewpoint is 15°C?

2.000m.

2.700m.

1.000m

1.500m.

23. Where is most of the water vapour in the atmosphere contained?

Tropopause.

Troposphere.

Stratosphere.

Stratopause.

24. A light aircraft flying at low level near a mountain range across which a strong wind is blowing may expect: 1. Severe turbulence below or within any rotor zone. 2. Down-draughts which may exceed the climb rate of the aircraft. 3. A greater than normal risk of icing in the cloud over the crest mountain. 4. Lenticular cloud

Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

Only 1 and 3 are correct.

1,2, 3 and 4 are correct.

Only 1 and 2 are correct.

25. When are ATIS broadcasts updated?

Every hour.

Any time the aerodrome or weather information changes.

Only when the aerodrome information changes.

Every 30 minutes.

26. Wet bulb temperature would normally be lower than dry bulb temperature because:

Of condensation on the muslin wick of the bulb.

Condensation causes a release of latent heat.

Evaporation causes cooling on the wet bulb thermometer.

Latent heat is absorbed by the bulb thermometer.

27. The conditions which must exist to allow thunderstorms to develop are:

A plentiful supply of moisture and a steep lapse rate through a large vertical extent, together with a trigger action.

A steep lapse rate through a large vertical extent, a low relative humidity and a trigger action.

A steep lapse rate, a stable atmosphere through a large vertical extent, and a plentiful supply of moisture.

A trigger action, a plentiful supply of moisture and a very stable atmosphere.

28. Which of the processes listed below can cause air to become saturated?

Melting.

Evaporation.

Condensation.

Heating.

29. One or more coloured rings around the sun or moon may indicate the presence of which type of cloud?

Cirrocumulus or cumulus.

Altostratus or cirrostratus.

Cumulus or stratocumulus.

High.

30. During a night with a clear sky, surface temperature will ____, relative humidity will ____ and dewpoint will ____.

Fall / Rise / Remain the same.

Fall / Rise / Rise.

Rise / Rise / Fall.

Fall / Fall / Remain the same.

31. During the winter months, which of the following weather conditions would most likely be produced by an anticyclone?

During the day, the surface warming would create an unstable atmosphere with extensive convective cloud.

Subsidence due to surface cooling creating extensive cloud.

General subsidence with adiabatic warming, clear skies, and an inversion.

During the night, as the land cools, there would be an increase in the vertical cloud development.

32. Continuous rain is usually from:

Nimbostratus

Cumulus

Stratocumulus

Stratus

33. A line drawn on a chart joining places having the same barometric pressure at the same level and at the same time is?

An isohypse.

An isallobar.

An isotherm.

An isobar.

34. What is the main reason water can exist in a liquid state even though the temperature is sub zero?

No freezing nuclei.

No condensation nuclei.

Water takes a long time to cool to below zero degrees.

Water is hygroscopic.

35. If temperature remains constant with an increase in altitude there is:

Decreased lapse rate.

An isothermal layer.

An isohypse.

An inversion.

36. When a TREND is included at the end of an aviation METAR, the trend is a forecast valid for:

1 hour after it was issued.

2 hours after the time of observation.

1 hour after the time of observation.

30 minutes after it was issued.

37. What weather phenomena is associated with a temperature inversion?

Thunderstorms inside air masses.

An unstable layer of air.

A stable layer of air.

Ascending winds on mountain slopes.

38. In the ATIS broadcast, what is used to identify the current report?

An issue time.

An alphabetical code.

A number.

A validity time.

39. The atmospheric pressure (QNH) reported in METARs is adjusted to:

Transition level in use

Aerodrome's altitude

Reference altitude

Mean sea level

40. "Thundercloud" is officially known as:

Nimbostratus

Cumulonimbus

Altocumulus

Cirrostratus

41. When an altimeter sub scale is set to the aerodrome QFE, the altimeter reads:

The appropriate altitude of the aircraft.

The elevation of the aerodrome at the aerodrome reference point.

Zero at the aerodrome reference point.

The pressure altitude at the aerodrome reference point.

42. Unstable air is forced to rise up the side of a mountain. What weather might you expect to see on the windward slopes?

Cloud of extensive vertical development.

Cap clouds with possible altocumulus lenticularis.

None, as the air will subside and warm adiabatically after passing over the summit.

Thick stratiform cloud, probably nimbostratus.

43. VOLMETS is defined as:

A continuous radio broadcast of selected aerodrome actual weather observations and forecasts.

A text message of selected aerodrome METARS.

A radio broadcast of selected aerodrome forecasts.

A teleprinter message of selected aerodrome TAFs and METARs.

44. What type of precipitations was observed accordingly to the following METAR report? METAR LSZH 131630Z 24008KT 0600 R16/1000U FG DZ FEW003 SCT010 OVC020 17/16 Q1018 BECMG TL1700 0800 FG BECMG AT1800 9999 NSW=

Steady and light rain.

Hail.

Moderate drizzle.

Rain showers.

45. What are the proportions of gases in the atmosphere?

Nitrogen 78%, Argon 21%, Oxygen 1%.

Oxygen 21%, Hydrogen 78%, other gasses 1%.

Nitrogen 78%, Oxygen 21%, Hydrogen 1%.

Oxygen 21%, Nitrogen 78%, other gasses 1%.

46. "CAVOK" term is used in weather reports when:

Visibility is max. 10 km, ceiling is max. 5000 ft and no significant weather change

Visibility is min. 10 km, ceiling is min. 5000 ft and no significant weather change

Visibility is max. 10 km, ceiling is max. 1500 ft and no significant weather change

Visibility is min. 10 km, ceiling is min. 1500 ft and no significant weather change

47. What will normally happen to the surface wind direction following the passage of a warm front?

Stay constant.

Veer then back.

Veer.

Back.

48. What is the code for "nearby the aerodrome" in weather reports?

VC

CL

CV

YM

49. The most frequent type of ground or surface-based temperature inversion is that which is produced by:

Terrestrial radiation on a cloudy, relatively windy night.

Terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night.

Warm air being lifted rapidly aloft in the vicinity of mountainous terrain.

The movement of colder air under warm air, or the movement of warm air over cold air.

50. What is the code for "hail" in weather reports?

GR

RA

HA

SG

51. Wind is caused by:

Air density

Pressure differences

The Coriolis force

Temperature differences

52. An area of indeterminate pressure between two lows and two highs is called:

A col.

A ridge.

A trough.

A saddle.

53. Accordingly to the code which of the following METAR reports could be partially abbreviated by CAVOK (minimum sector altitude 4000 ft)?

27019G37KT 9999 BKN050 18/14 Q1016 NOSIG=

26012KT 8000 -SHRA BKN025TCU 16/12 Q1018 NOSIG=

34004KT 7000 MIFG SCT260 09/08 Q1019 NOSIG=

00000KT 0100 FG VV001 11/11 Q1025 BECMG 0500=

54. Providing the minimum sector altitude is not a determining factor, CAVOK in a TAF or METAR:

Means visibility 10nm or more, and no cloud below 5.000ft.

Means visibility 10nm or more, and no scattered cloud below 5.000ft.

Means visibility 10km or more, and few cloud below 5.000ft.

Means visibility 10km or more, and no cloud below 5.000ft.

55. In the METAR shown below, the cloud base has been omitted. At what height might you expect the cloud base to be if cumulus cloud was present? 28005KT9999 SCT??? 12/05 Q1020 NOSIG

SCT028.

SCT042.

SCT280.

SCT020.

56. The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the:

Stability of the air.

Air temperature.

Air pressure.

Dewpoint.

57. Why is frost considered hazardous to flight?

Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability.

Frost increases the aircrafts weight.

Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the airfoils, thereby increasing lift.

Frost slows the airflow over the airfoils, thereby increasing control effectiveness.

58. What wind represents depicted symbol from meteorological charts? (See LAPL/PPL 050-05)

East wind at 15 knots.

North wind at 60 knots.

South wind at 15 knots

West wind at 60 knots

59. Hail is most likely to fall from which type of cloud?

AS

NS

AC

CB

60. There is thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of an airport at which you plan to land, which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon might be expected on the landing approach?

Steady rain.

Windshear.

Light showers.

Precipitation static

61. You are flying at a constant indicated altitude with the QNH of 1015 set within the subscale and you notice the outside air temperature has been falling constantly. What can you expect to have happened to your true altitude?

Decreased.

Increased.

Increased then decreased.

Remained the same.

62. A low level mist layer significantly reduces forward visibility when flying at about 2000ft. To improve your forward visibility you should:

Turn on your landing lights and strobe lights.

Fly lower.

Fly just on top of the mist layer.

Fly higher.

63. What is the approximate airfield dewpoint if the surface air temperature is 20 °C and the reported base of the cumulus clouds is 1100m above the airfield level?

11°C.

5°C.

-3°C.

7°C.

64. What types clouds usually accompany the passage of a warm front?

CI, CC, NS, CBv

CC, SC, ST, NS

CC, AC, CU, CB

CI, CS, AS, NS.

65. A ridge of high pressure is generally associated with:

Subsidence of air, then divergence at the surface causing clear skies and poor visibility.

Divergence at the surface causing an improvement in the surface visibility.

Convergence at the surface causing increased cloud and precipitation.

Subsidence then divergence at the surface causing cloud to break up and more precipitation.

66. Low-pressure area in Northern hemisphere spins:

Both counter-clockwise and clockwise

It depends on the season

Clockwise

Counter-clockwise

67. Which of the following correctly decodes the METAR shown below? METAR EGKL 130350Z 32005KT 0900 0400N DZ BCFG VV002

Valid between 1300Z and 1350Z, surface wind 320°T/05kt, current visibility 900 metres, minimum visibility 400 metres to the north, moderate drizzle, and a vertical visibility of 200ft.

Reported on the 13th day of the month at 0350Z, surface wind 320°Magnetic, 05kt, current visibility 900 metres, minimum visibility 400 metres to the north, moderate drizzle, with fog patches and a vertical visibility of 200ft.

Observed on the 13th day of the month at 0350Z, surface wind 320°True, 05kt, current visibility 900 metres, minimum visibility 400 metres to the north, moderate drizzle, with fog patches and a vertical visibility of 200ft.

Valid on the 13th day of the month between 0300 and 1500Z, surface wind 320°T/05kt, current visibility 900 metres, minimum visibility 400 metres, drizzle, with fog patches and a vertical visibility of 200 metres.

68. For cumulonimbus clouds to develop, there needs to exist:

A deep layer of very unstable moist air with a shallow lapse rate.

A shallow layer of very unstable moist air.

A deep layer of very unstable moist air.

A shallow layer of very unstable air with a steep lapse rate.

69. What is the significance of tightly spaced isobars?

A weak pressure gradient and strong winds.

A weak pressure gradient and light winds.

A large pressure gradient and light winds.

A large pressure gradient and strong winds.

70. The use of the suffix "nimbus" or the prefix "nimbo" means?

Rain bearing.

Medium cloud.

Wispy, detached or fiberous.

Dark and threatening.

71. Clear ice forms as a result of:

Small supercooled water droplets splashing over the aircraft.

Large supercooled water droplets spreading as they freeze.

Water vapour freezing to the aircraft.

Ice pellets splattering on the aircraft.

72. The diurnal variation of temperature is:

Less over desert areas than over temperate grassland.

Reduced anywhere by the presence of cloud.

Increased anywhere as wind speed increases.

Greater over the sea than overland.

73. Generally as altitude increases:

Temperature decreases and pressure density increases.

Temperature, pressure and density decreases.

Temperature and pressure increase and density decreases.

Temperature decreases and density increases.

74. What stage of a thunderstorm is characterised by updraughts only?

Dissipating stage.

End stage.

Initial stage.

Mature stage.

75. Every physical process of weather is accompanied by or is the result of a:

Heat exchange.

Pressure differential.

Movement of air.

Humidity differential.

76. Given an atmospheric situation where the relative humidity is 60% and the ELR is less than the DALR, if air is forced to rise it will be:

Stable and will carry on rising.

Stable and will tend to regain its former position.

Unstable and will carry on rising.

Unstable and will tend to regain its former position.

77. Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high?

Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds.

Turbulent air, poor visibility, fog, low stratus type clouds, and showery precipitation

Turbulent air and good visibility

Light windshear, poor visibility, haze, and light rain.

78. What air temperature may we expect at 7000 ft if the air temperature at 1500 ft is 15°C?

-2°C.

0°C.

+3°C.

+4°C.

79. Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the:

Dissipating stage.

Downdraft stage.

Mature stage.

Cumulus stage.

80. Where does windshear occur?

Only at lower altitudes.

Only at higher altitudes.

At all altitudes, in all directions

Only during the rain.

81. The visibility group R20/0050 in a METAR means:

As measured by runway measuring equipment for runway 20, a current runway visibility of 50 metres.

For runway 20, a current visibility of 500 metres measured by runway visual range equipment.

The runway visibility reported is 50 metres as measured by the runway visual range equipment within the last 20 minutes.

On runway 20, the current visibility is less than 5.000 metres.

82. Hazards of the mature stage of a thunderstorm cell include lightning, turbulence and:

Icing, microburst and windshear.

Microburst, windshear and anvil.

Icing, drizzle and microburst.

Windshear, hail and fog.

83. What does this symbol represent on a forecast chart? (See LAPL/PPL 050-03)

Severe icing.

Thunderstorms.

Severe turbulence.

Severe mountain waves.

84. Under what conditions would density be the least at any given place?

High altitude, high temperature and high humidity.

Low altitude, high temperature and high humidity.

High altitude, high temperature and low humidity.

Low altitude, low temperature and low humidity.

85. Which of the following frontal systems is more likely to produce thunderstorm activity?

A cold front.

A warm front.

A ridge of high pressure.

A stationery front.

86. Coriolis force in the Northern Hemisphere will cause moving air to be apparently deflected to:

The left and cause the wind to blow slightly across the isobars at about 2.000ft agl.

The right and cause the geostrophic wind to blow parallel to the isobars at about 2.000ft agl.

The right and cause the wind to blow slightly across the isobars at about 2.000ft agl.

The left and cause the geostrophic wind to blow parallel to the isobars at about 2.000ft agl.

87. The pilot of an aircraft which is approaching a mountain from the downwind or leeward side, a few hundred feet above ridge level, observes venticular clouds. Which of the following conditions would the pilot expect to encounter as the flight continues?

Strong katabatic down-draughts and turbulence after passing over the ridge.

Strong down-draughts immediately before the ridge of the mountain is reached, with strong up-draughts after passing the ridge to the windward side.

Strong katabatic currents at the top of the ridge.

Strong up-draughts before the ridge is passed and strong down-draughts after the ridge is passed.

88. A temperature group of 28/24 in a METAR means that:

The dew point is 28°C and the temperature is 24°C.

The temperature is 28°C at the time of the reporting, but is expected to become 24°C by the end of the TREND report.

The temperature is 28°C and the dew point is 24°C.

The dry bulb temperature is 28°C and the wet bulb temperature is 24°C.

89. Density at the surface will be low when:

Pressure is low and temperature is low.

Pressure is low and temperature is high.

Pressure is high and temperature is high.

Pressure is high and temperature is low.

90. A line on a weather chart connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure is called:

Front

Isotax

Millibar

Isobar

91. An aircraft is flying in the vicinity of a range of hills, lying north-south, across which a wind is blowing from the west to east. Which of the following situations might cause the aircraft to encounter dangerous downdraughts?

When flying south towards the hill from the north.

When flying east towards the hills from the west.

When flying north towards the hill from the south.

When flying west towards the hills from the east.

92. An aircraft flies from aerodrome "A", where QNH is given as 1020 hPa, to aerodrome "B", where the QNH is given as 999 hPa. Aerodrome "A" is 800ft above mean sea level and aerodrome "B" is 500ft above mean sea level. If the altimeter sub scale is not changed from 1020, what is the altimeter indication on landing? (ASSUME 1 hPa = 30ft)

1.430 ft.

100 ft.

130 ft.

1.130 ft.

93. What is the validity time for a WAFC significant weather chart?

6 hours.

30 minutes.

3 hours.

For a single fixed time only.

94. Low level winds in the northern hemisphere that blow around a depression are drawn on surface weather charts in?

A clockwise direction.

An anticlockwise direction.

Either clockwise or anticlockwise depending on whether the depression is cyclonic or anticyclonic.

An anticyclonic direction.

95. Hazards to aircraft caused by the presence of cumulonimbus or thunderstorm cloud may be experienced:

When the aircraft is in the vicinity.

Only when the aircraft is within the cloud.

Only when the aircraft is outside the cloud.

Only when the aircraft is within or underneath the cloud.

96. Compared to ISA, what does warm air do to the distance represented by a 1 hpa change in pressure?

Decreases it.

Increases it.

Nothing.

Impossible to determine.

97. The sun gives out ____ amounts of energy with ____ wavelengths. The earth gives out relatively ____ amounts of energy with relatively ____ wavelengths:

Large / large / small / small.

Large / large / small / large.

Small / small / large / large.

Large / small / small / large.

98. What is the code for "drizzle" in weather reports?

DR

DZ

SN

TS

99. Transition altitude is in Finland:

Same as transition level

5001 FT (AGL)

Same as transition layer

5000 FT (QNH)

100. Given a surface temperature of +21°C and a dew point of +7°C, at approximately what height will the cloud base of a cumulus cloud be?

56.000ft

4.000ft.

560ft.

5.600ft.

101. VOLMETS are updated?

Every hour.

Every half an hour.

2 times a day.

4 times a day.

102. From the list below, select the Low, Medium and High clouds in ascending order.

Cirrus, Cumulonimbus, Stratus.

Stratus, Altocumulus, Cirrus.

Nimbostratus, Cumulonimbus, Cirrus.

Altostratus, Altocumulus, Cirrus.

103. What are the codes for "Fog" and "Mist" in weather reports?

FG and MZ

FG and BR

FG and MZ

FO and MZ

104. The instrument used for measuring the humidity of air is a:

Wet bulb thermometer.

Hydrometer.

Hygrometer.

Hygroscope.

105. What value is being calculated by following formula? Temperature minus dewpoint times 123 = ?

Tops of stratus clouds in meters.

Temperature aloft.

Ceiling of cumulus clouds in meters.

Relative humidity.

106. The layer closest to the earth's surface where the majority of weather is found is called?

Mesosphere.

Tropopause.

Troposphere.

Stratosphere.

107. A regional is a forecast of the weather up to?

FL100.

FL180.

FL010.

FL240.

108. What are the characteristics of the passage of a cold front?

Steady dew point and temperature but a sharp backing in the wind.

Dew point rise, a temperature fall and the wind veering.

A dew point rise, a temperature fall and wind backing

A dew point fall, a temperature fall, and the wind veering.

109. During the ____ stage of a thunderstorm ceil, the cloud contains ____. Complete the above statement choosing one of the following combinations of words:

Initial /up currents and down currents.

Mature / up currents and down currents.

Dissipating / up currents and down currents.

Initial / down currents only.

110. "CEILING" is:

Is a measurement of the height of the lowest clouds that cover more than half of the sky relative to the ground

The lowest height of CB or TCU cloud base

The vertical distance of cloud base's lowest and highest point

The height of the lowest cloud base (the amount of the clouds does not matter)

111. VOLMETS are?

Air to ground radio transmissions on HF and VHF.

Ground to air radio transmissions on LF and VHF.

Air to ground radio transmissions on HF and SVHF.

Ground to air radio transmissions on HF and VHF.

112. When flying towards a depression at a constant indicated altitude, the true altitude will be:

Higher than indicated.

Lower than indicated.

The same as indicated.

Lower than indicated at first then the same as indicated later.

113. The formation of advection fog is often caused by?

A warm moist air mass under the influence of a moderate wind being cooled to below its dew point by flowing over a much colder surface.

A cold moist air mass under the influence of a moderate wind being warmed to below its dew point by flowing over a much warmer surface.

A warm moist air mass under the influence of a very light wind being cooled to below its dew point by flowing over a much colder surface.

A warm moist air mass under the influence of a strong wind on a clear cloudless night.

114. Which of the following conditions are most likely to produce thunderstorms?

A low moisture content with a steep lapse rate.

A low moisture content with a shallow lapse rate.

A high moisture content with a steep lapse rate.

A high moisture content with a shallow lapse rate.

115. Winds that blow around an anticyclone (high pressure system) at lower levels in the Northern Hemisphere are represented on a low level chart as blowing in:

A clockwise direction if it is warm air and anticlockwise if it is cold air.

A cyclonic direction.

A clockwise direction.

An anticlockwise direction.

116. The wind at 2000 ft over an aerodrome was reported at 330/15kt. Using the rule of thumb, what might you expect the surface wind to be?

315/30 kt.

305/30 kt.

300/07 kt.

355/30 kt.

117. An inversion is when:

There is an increase of temperature as height increases.

There is no horizontal gradient of temperature.

There is no change of temperature with height.

There is a decrease of temperature as height increases.

118. Gusts are reported in weather reports:

When they are over 20 kts from average wind

When they are more than 10 kts from average wind

When they are over 5 kts from average wind

When they are over 15 kts from average wind

119. What are the characteristics of an unstable air mass?

Stratus type clouds and poor surface visibility.

Nimbostratus clouds and good surface visibility.

Turbulence and poor surface visibility.

Turbulence and good surface visibility.

120. What is the density at sea level in the International Standard Atmosphere?

1,225g/m³.

122,5g/m³.

1225g/m³.

12,25g/m³.

121. What does this symbol represent on a forecast chart? (See LAPL/PPL 050-04).

Severe icing.

Severe turbulence.

Severe mountain waves.

Thunderstorms.

122. Which of the following correctly decodes a TAF that reads: LYBE 161100Z 1612/1712 VRB08KT9999 SCT025?

Observed at 1612 UTC; the surface wind was variable in direction and speed; with a visibility of 10km, and a cloud base of 2.500ft above ground level.

Observed at 1611UTC; the surface wind was variable in direction and speed; averaging 8kt: with a visibility of 10km or more, and a cloud base of 2.500ft above aerodrome level.

Valid from 1612 to 1712 UTC; surface wind variable at 8kt; visibility 10nm or more; with a cloud base of 2.500ft above mean sea level.

Valid from 1200 Hr on the 16 of the month to 1200 Hr on the 17 of the month; surface wind will be variable in direction at 8kt with a visibility of 10km or more; 3to4 oktas of cloud with a base of 2.500ft above the aerodrome.

123. What is the name of the instrument which gives a continuous printed reading and record of the atmospheric pressure?

Anemograph.

Barometer.

Hygrometer.

Barograph.

124. Which of the following is true about the lowest level windshear?

It is only found under the core of the anvil of a thunderstorm.

It may be experienced 15 to 20 miles ahead of a fast moving thunderstorm.

It is rare where there is a strong inversion level close to the surface.

It is only ever found on the fringes of a microburst.

125. What was the ceiling of the lowest cloud layer accordingly to the following METAR report? METAR LSZH 131630Z 24008KT 0600 R16/1000U FG DZ FEW003 SCT010 OVC020 17/16 Q1018 BECMG TL1700 0800 FG BECMG AT1800 9999 NSW=

100 ft.

300ft.

10 ft.

1.000m.

126. What approximate base of cumulus clouds should be expected if the surface air dewpoint is 5°C and the forecasted daily maximum temperature is 25°C?

2.800m.

2.000m.

1.500m.

2.500m.

127. What would be the change in weather following the passage of a typical warm front?

Pressure increases steadily, no more than 4 oktas of cloud, and good visibility.

Pressure stops falling, 4 oktas of cloud with a very low base and rapidly improving visibility.

Pressure falls, 8 oktas of cloud with a lowering base and improving visibility.

Pressure falls, 8 oktas of cloud with a lowering base and poor visibility.

128. What stage of a thunderstorm is characterised predominantly by downdraughts?

Dissipating stage.

Cumulus stage.

Initial stage.

Mature stage.

129. The actual change of temperature with height is known as:

The adiabatic lapse rate.

The tephigram.

The environmental lapse rate.

The temperature curve.

130. Inversion is a layer in the atmosphere where:

Air temperature increases with height

Air humidity decreases with height

Air humidity increases with height

Air temperature decreases with height

131. The altimeter will always read:

With airfield QNH set, the height above the airfield datum.

With 1013 set, the altitude above MSL.

The correct flight level with regional QFE set.

The vertical distance above the pressure level set in the sub scale.

132. The method by which energy is transferred from one body to another with which it is in contact is called:

Radiation.

Convection.

Latent heat.

Conduction.

133. You experience a constant drift to the right when flying over Europe at a constant indicated altitude. If the altimeter subscale is not updated, this will result in?

Flying at a progressively higher true altitude.

Flying at a progressively lower indicated altitude.

Flying at a progressively lower true altitude.

Flying at a progressively higher indicated altitude.

134. Consider the following statements about air density and select the one which is correct?

The effect of change of temperature on the air density is much greater than the effect of change of atmospheric pressure.

Air density increases with an increase of relative humidity.

Air density decreases with increase of height in the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA).

At any given surface temperature the air density will be greater in anticyclonic conditions than it will be when the mean sea level pressure is lower.

135. Below the tropopause, the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (ISA) assumes?

A mean sea level pressure of 1013.25 hPa together with a mean sea level temperature of 15°C, decreasing at a rate of 2°C per 1000ft until it reaches -65.6°C at 36 090ft.

A surface pressure of 1013.25 hPa together with a sea level temperature of 15°C, decreasing at the rate of 1.98°C per 1.000ft until it reaches absolute zero.

A mean sea level pressure of 1013.25 hPa together with a mean sea level temperature of 15°C, decreasing by 1.98°C per 1000ft up to 36 090ft.

A mean sea level pressure of 1225g/m³ together with a mean sea level temperature of 15°C, decreasing at a rate of 2°C per 1.000ft up to 36 090ft.

136. The process of change of state from a gas to a liquid is known as:

Condensation in which latent heat is released.

Condensation in which latent heat is absorbed.

Evaporation in which latent heat is absorbed.

Evaporation in which latent heat is released.

137. A change of state directly from a solid to a vapour or vice versa is:

Condensation.

Sublimation.

Insolation.

Evaporation.

138. Which of the following conditions is most favourable to the formation of radiation fog?

High relative humidity, light winds and a clear sky.

High relative humidity, moderate wind and a cloudy sky.

High relative humidity, light winds and a cloudy sky.

Low relative humidity, light winds and a clear sky

139. Over an inland airfield radiation fog is reported in the morning. As the wind speed increases to 10 kt what would you expect?

The fog to lift and form low stratus.

An increase in mixing, allowing more fog to develop.

The fog to thicken.

The fog to dissipate.

140. A trough of low pressure at the surface is generally associated with:

Subsidence causing increased cloud and precipitation.

Divergence causing increased cloud and precipitation.

Subsidence causing decreased cloud and precipitation.

Convergence causing increased cloud and precipitation.

141. On WAFC significant weather charts what do the letters "CB" implies?

Moderate to severe icing and turbulence and hail.

Severe icing and turbulence.

Moderate icing and turbulence.

Moderate to severe icing and turbulence.

142. If a cloudy, granular type of ice is seen to collect and protrude forward from the leading edge of the aerofoil, what type of ice would it most likely be?

Hoar ice.

Clear ice.

Rime ice.

Rain ice.

143. The code "BECMG FM 1100 -SHRA" in a METAR means:

From 1100 UTC, cessation of the rain showers.

Becoming, from 1100 UTC to 0000 UTC, slight rain showers.

Becoming, from 1100 UTC, slight rain showers.

Becoming, from 1100 UTC, rain showers.

144. Which of the following combinations of weather-producing variables would be most likely to result in cumuliform clouds, good visibility, showery rain, and possible clear type icing in clouds?

Stable, dry air and orographic lifting.

Unstable moist air and orographic lifting.

Unstable moist air and no lifting mechanism.

Stable, moist air and orographic lifting.

First submitted	September 29, 2022
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