Large biology quiz

The process that plants use to convert carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into glucose and oxygen.

The production of light in organisms through internal chemical reactions

An organism that produces its own energy

An organism that cant process its own energy and has to get it elsewhere

Metabolic prosess where cells create usable energy

The first step of the previous metabolic process

Second step of the previous process

Third and last step of the previous process

Anaerobic metabolic prosess where micro organisms convert carbohydrates into energy and lactic acid

A basic microscopic unit of life

The "command center" of a cell

The "powerhouse" of a cell

Organelle that translates genetic code into amino acids

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes ribosomes. Located in the cells "control center"

Double membrane barrier in eukaryotic cells "control center" that separates it from the gel-like structure.

The gel-like structure containing organelles and structures. It transports, maintains cells shape, stores macromolecules and acts as a host to metabolic processes.

Network of membranes in cells that is studded with the protein making organelles.

Network of tubular membranes in a cell lacking the protein making organelles.

Cylindrical organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that are important during cell division.

Membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells expect red blood cells. Capable of breaking down all types of biological polymeres.

Cell organelle located in the cytoplasm responsible for packing and sending proteins and lipids.

The thin structure that holds the shape of all cells. Regulates the entry and exit of nutrients and waste products.

Long chains of protein monomeres that hold up the cytoskeleton.

Protective outer layer of plant, fungi, algae and most prokaryotic cells. Provides structural support, shape and protection.

The green organelle found in plant and algae cells responsible for photosynthesis.

Membrane that surrounds the vacuole. Helps managing water regulation and pressure.

Needle-shaped calcium crystals found in many plant cells. Acts as a defense against herbivores.

Colorless plastide in plant cells. Synthesizes and stores starches.

The green pigment in plants, algae and syanobacteria that is crucial for photosynthesis. Part of the chloroplast.

Double helix-shaped molecule that holds all the genetic information and instructions of all known organisms. Located in the nucleus and mitochrondria.

Single stranded nucleic acid present in all living cells acting as an essential intermediate in expressing genetic information.

Organic polymere that the cell wall consists of. Indigestable for humans.

Structures made of DNA and protein located in the nucleus that carry genetic information.

Alternate version of a specific gene located in the chromosomes locus.

Alternate version of a gene that masks the effect of a different variant.

Alternate version of a gene that gets overwritten by the above.

Part of a chromosome where alleles are located.

Part of a chromosome that shortens every time mitosis happens.

Enzyme that protects the above from shortening. Some lobsters have this enzyme.

Two-step biological process where proteins are made by the instructions of DNA.

First step of the above. Genetic code is copied into a portable message. DNA -> mRNA. Happens inside the nucleus.

Second step of the process said.Genetic message in decoded and built into a chain of amino acids. mRNA -> Proteins. Happens in the cytoplasm at the ribosome.

Happens right after transcription. The non-coding parts of the pre-RNA are removed and the coding parts are put together. This results in a complete mRNA

The non-coding parts of the pre-RNA

The coding parts of the pre-RNA

Enzyme responsible for transcription. It builds the pre-RNA.

Unprocessed RNA molecule straight after transcription. No splicing has happened yet.

Processed RNA molecule after splicing.

Building blocks of nucleic acids containing RNA and DNA.

Organic molecules that form the informational component of nucleotides. Purines and Pyrimidines connect to eachother.

A sequence of 3 of the things above in an DNA or mRNA molecule

A-base. Connects to T-base and the U-base in RNA.

T-base. Connects to A-base.

G-base. Connects C-base.

C-base. Connects to G-base.

U-base. Substituses T-base in RNA molecules.

Hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Regulates the bodys basal metabolic rate, body temperature, and cellular growth and development.

Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release the hormone above.

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth, triggers milk ejection during breastfeeding, and promotes social bonding, trust, and maternal attachment.

Hormone produced by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water back into the blood to prevent dehydration and helps regulate blood pressure.

Hormone produced and by the anterior pituitary gland. Stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles in women and supports sperm production in men.

Hormone that regulates the development of male reproductive tissues, promoting secondary sexual characteristics like muscle mass and bone density

Hormone that regulates the female reproductive system and promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast growth and hip widening.

Hormone that regulates the body's circadian rhythm by signaling to the body that it is time to sleep in response to darkness.

Hormone that triggers the "fight-or-flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability during stress or danger.

Hormone that regulates mood, sleep, and appetite.

Hormone that regulates the body's stress response, increases blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, and suppresses inflammation.

Hormone that lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the body's cells for energy or storage.

Hormone that increases blood calcium levels by stimulating its release from bones, increasing absorption in the gut, and reducing its excretion by the kidneys.

Regulates long-term energy balance by signaling the brain to inhibit hunger and stimulates fat burning when energy stores are sufficient.

Hunger hormone.

Taxonomic ranks

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Six kingdoms of life

 

 

 

 

 

Three domains of life

 

 

Two cell classifications