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Hint
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Answer
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Speaking more than one language.
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Multilingual
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Culture found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
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Popular Culture
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Favoring those born in a country over immigrants.
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Nativism
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The idea that the interaction between two places decreases as the distance between them increases.
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Distance Decay
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Forces or attitudes that bring people together and enhance support for the state.
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Centripetal Force
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The spread of an idea or innovation through the physical movement of people who migrate and take their ideas and innovations with them.
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Relocation Diffusion
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When an innovation spreads but is changed by the people who adapt it.
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Stimulus Diffusion
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The belief that nothing can be known about whether or not God exists.
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Agnosticism
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Belief that inanimate objects or natural events have spirits and a conscious life.
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Animism
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When members of a culture become less like other group members over time.
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Cultural Divergence
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Someone who embarks on a mission to spread their religion to new people and places.
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Missionary
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When traits from two distinct cultures fuse to form a new cultural trait.
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Syncretism
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A type of diffusion where an innovation or idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there, while also spreading outwards.
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Expansion Diffusion
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Belief that there is only one God.
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Monotheism
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The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.
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Sequent Occupance
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The process by which an innovation or idea spreads from one place to another over time.
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Diffusion
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A religion that primarily appeals to one group of people living in a particular place.
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Ethnic Religion
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Culture that is traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas.
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Folk Culture
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A type of religious movement characterized by strict conformity to a religious text.
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Fundamentalism
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The belief that the physical environment actively shapes culture.
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Environmental Determinism
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The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another, while still maintaining elements of their own culture.
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Acculturation
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The emotions someone attaches to an area based on their experiences.
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Sense of Place
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A language designated by a country as the one used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects.
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Official Language
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The belief that God does not exist.
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Atheism
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Forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state and pull the population apart.
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Centrifugal Force
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A language that is no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world.
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Extinct Language
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Word usage boundaries, determined by data collected directly from people.
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Isogloss
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The spread of businesses, products, people and ideas around the world.
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Globalization
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A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history.
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Language Family
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A language that results from the mixing of the colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people they colonized.
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Creole
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Diffusion where one person spreads an idea or innovation to multiple people and then those people spread it to multiple people until it uniformly affects all individuals and areas outward from the source.
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Contagious Diffusion
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The reduction of the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communication and transportation technologies.
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Time-Space Compression
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Religions that attempt to appeal to all people, everywhere in the world, not just those of one culture or location.
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Universalizing Religion
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The place where an idea or innovation originates from.
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Hearth
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The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a place.
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Charter Group
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The spread of an idea from one key person or node of authority/power to other people/places with less power and influence.
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Hierarchical Diffusion
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Visible, tangible aspects of culture such as architecture, clothing, books, instruments, etc.
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Material Culture
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The principle that an individual human’s beliefs and actions should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.
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Cultural Relativism
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The belief that environmental conditions may impact culture in some ways, but people are the primary architects of culture.
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Possibilism
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Speaking only one language.
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Monolingual
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Relatively small, ethnically homogenous enclaves situated within a larger and more diverse cultural context.
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Ethnic Enclave
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The coexistence of several cultures in one society, with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of practice.
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Multiculturalism
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The belief that one’s own culture or ethnic group is superior to others; judging other groups through the lens of one’s own culture.
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Ethnocentrism
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The structures within the physical landscape caused by human activities.
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Cultural Landscape
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The process of absorbing one cultural group into another until that group can no longer be distinguished from the dominant culture.
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Assimilation
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A regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling.
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Dialect
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All of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects.
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Culture
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A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.
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Sect
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Identity of a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland.
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Ethnicity
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When two cultures become more similar the more that they interact.
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Cultural Convergence
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Belief that there is more than one God.
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Polytheism
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A group of related languages derived from Vulgar Latin (Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian).
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Romance Languages
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A language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family.
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Isolated Language
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A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary.
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Language Group
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A language of international communication.
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Lingua Franca
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When people of one group are dispersed to various locations but still maintain their heritage in their new land.
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Diaspora
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Invisible, intangible culture such as values, beliefs, behaviors, and norms.
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Non-Material Culture
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A restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom.
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Taboo
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The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.
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Custom
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A simplified form of language that adopts the grammar and vocabulary of a lingua franca to allow speakers of two different languages to communicate.
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Pidgin Language
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