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20th Century Former Capitals

Have you kept track of how capitals have changed and will change over time? Only one way to find out! Examples of former capitals would include: Capitals of a dissolved country/entity, a capital moving, military occupation changing a government's location temporarily, etc.
Includes a section of 21st century former capitals
Former nations have the National Flags included for fun! (If it's blank, it's just the modern day flag/no flag)
If a capital is in the same country with the same name today, it isn't counted. This may account for time gaps you see.
Sourced from Wikipedia
Quiz by
TheBlueElephant
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Last updated: December 4, 2025
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First submittedDecember 4, 2025
Times taken8
Average score43.3%
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Time Period
Country
Modern Day Country
Former Capital
1727-1912
Alaouite Dynasty
Morocco
Fez
1949-1951
image Emirate of Cyrenaica
Libya
Benghazi
1963-1969
Kingdom of Libya
Al Bayda
1918-1922
Tripolitania Republic
ʽAziziya
1975-1976; 1979-2002
PDR of Angola
Angola
Jamba
c. 1700-1903
Bailundo
Bailundo
1975-1976
image Republic of Cabinda
Cabinda
1886-1908; 1908-1926
image Congo Free State; Belgian Congo
DR Congo
Boma
1964-1965
PR Congo
Stanleyville
1960-1963
image State of Katanga
Élisabethville
1483-1915
image Kingdom of Kongo
Angola
São Salvador
c. 1500-1917
image Mbunda Kingdom
Lumbala N'guimbo
1960-1962
South Kasai
DR Congo
Bakwanga
1856-1964
image Sultanate of Zanzibar
Tanzania
Zanzibar City
1964-1964
image PR Zanzibar
1961-1964
image Tanganyika
Dar es Salaam
1964-1996
Tanzania
1894-1962
image Protectorate of Uganda
Uganda
Entebbe
1893-1907
image British Central Africa Protectorate
Malawi
Zomba
1907-1953
image Nyasaland Protectorate
1964-1975
Malawi
1899-1911
image North-Eastern Rhodesia
Zambia
Fort Jameson
1899-1907
image North-Western Rhodesia
Kalomo
1907-1911
North-Western Rhodesia
Livingstone
1911-1935
image Northern Rhodesia
1893-1900
Ivory Coast (France)
Ivory Coast
Grand-Bassam
1900-1933
Bingerville
1933-1983
Abidjan
1879-1941
Portuguese Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Bolama
1973-1974
Guinea-Bissau
Boe
1914-1960
image Colonial Nigeria
Nigeria
Lagos
1960-1991
Federation of Nigeria
1043-1911
Kingdom of Nri
Igbo-Ukwu
1917-1920
image Alash Autonomy
Kazakhstan
Semey
1936-1991
image Kazakh SSR
Alma-ata
1785-1920
image Emirate of Bukhara
Uzbekistan
Bukhara
1920-1924
image Bukharan SSR
1511-1920
image Khanate of Khiva
Khiva
1925-1930
image Uzbek SSR
Samarkand
1991-1993
Kazakhstan
Alma-ata
1993-1998
Almaty
1991-1991
image Islamic Emirate of Kunar
Afghanistan
Asadabad
1918-1920
White Movement
Russia
Omsk
1928-1937; 1945-1949
Republic of China
China
Nanjing
1937-1945
Chongqing
1931-1934
image Chinese Soviet Republic
Ruijin
1948-1972
North Korea
South Korea
Seoul
1800-1945
Dutch East Indies
Indonesia
Batavia
1948-1949
Indonesia (Dutch Occupation)
Bukittinggi
1946-1948; 1948-1949
Indonesia
Yogyakarta
1949-1975
image Kingdom of Laos
Laos
Luang Prabang
1949-1975
Vientiane
1713-1946
image Champasak Kingdom
Champasak
1885-1989
Burma
Myanmar
Rangoon
1943-1945
Second Philippine Republic
Philippines
Manila
1934-1941
image Commonwealth of the Philippines
1764-1901
image Spanish East Indies
1946-1976
Philippines
Baguio
1948-1976
Quezon City
1802-1945; 1945-1945
image Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty); Empire of Vietnam
Vietnam
Phú Xuân
1874-1955
image Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty)
Huế
1887-1901
French Indochina
Saigon
1902-1953
Vietnam
Hanoi
1949-1955; 1954-1975
image State of Vietnam; South Vietnam
Saigon
1954-1976
North Vietnam
Hanoi
1962-1971
Pakistan (legislative)
Bangladesh
Dacca
1971-1972
image Provisional Government of Bangladesh
Mujibnagar
1772-1911
British Raj
India
Calcutta
1911-1931
Delhi
1931-1947
New Delhi
fl. 1850 1947
British Raj (Summer Capital)
Simla
1524-1947
Kingdom of Mysore
India
Mysore
1795-1947
image Kingdom of Travancore
Trivandrum
1769-1948
image Hyderabad State
Hyderabad
1947-1959
Pakistan
Karachi
1959-1967
Pakistan
Rawalpindi
1815-1948
image Ceylon State
Sri Lanka
Colombo
1948-1972
image Dominion of Ceylon
1972-1982
Sri Lanka
1948-1948
State of Israel
Israel
Tel Aviv
1932-1970
image Imamate of Oman
Oman
Salalah
1967-1990
image South Yemen
Yemen
Aden
1920-1921
Republic of Mountainous Armenia
Armenia
Goris
1918-1918
image Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Azerbaijan
Ganja
1918-1993
Czechoslovakia
Czech Republic
Prague
1944-1945
Polish Committee of National Liberation
Poland
Lublin
1945-1947
Polish People's Republic
Łódź
1731-1914
Russian Empire
Russia
Saint Petersburg
1914-1918
Petrograd
1922-1991
Soviet Union
Moscow
1918-1918
image Ukrainian Soviet Republic
Taganrog
1917-1920
image Ukrainian People's Republic
Ukraine
Kiev
1918-1918
image West Ukrainian People's Republic
Lviv
1918-1919
Ternopil
1919-1919
Stanislaviv
1919-1934
image Ukrainian SSR
Ukraine
Kharkiv
1938-1938
Carpathian Ukraine
Uzhhorod
1938-1939
Khust
1918-1918
Republic of Finland
Finland
Vaasa
1922-1940
Republic of Lithuania
Lithuania
Kaunas
1905-1925
Norway
Christiania
1943-1945
Italian Social Republic
Italy
Salò
1871-1946
image Kingdom of Italy
Rome
1947-1954
image Free Territory of Trieste
Trieste
1912-1914
image Independent Albania
Albania
Vlorë
1914-1920
image Principality of Albania
Durrës
1920-1924
image Free State of Fiume
Croatia
Fiume
1898-1913
image Cretan State
Greece
Chania
1859-1916
Romanian United Principalities
Romania
Bucharest
1916-1918
Kingdom of Romania
Iași
1453-1923
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
Istanbul
1852-1910
image Principality of Montenegro
Montenegro
Cetinje
1910-1918
image Kingdom of Montenegro
1918-1945
image Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Serbia
Belgrade
1945-1992
image Yugoslavia
1936-1937
image Second Spanish Republic
Spain
Valencia
1937-1939
Barcelona
1867-1918
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria
Vienna
1816-1919
image Neutral Moresnet
Belgium
Kelmis
1940-1944
State of France
France
Vichy
1300s-1918
image Kingdom of Bavaria
Germany
Munich
1815-1918
Duchy of Brunswick
Braunschweig
1871-1918
image German Empire
Berlin
1919-1933
Weimar Republic
Germany
1933-1945
image Nazi Germany
1945-1945
Flensburg
1949-1990
West Germany
Bonn
1949-1990
image East Germany
East Berlin
1567-1918
image Grand Duchy of Hesse
Germany
Darmstadt
1180-1918
Duchy of Oldenburg
Oldenburg
1485-1918
Kingdom of Saxony
Dresden
1643-1918
image Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
Germany
Bückeburg
c. 1300-1918
Kingdom of Württemberg
Stuttgart
1638-1970
image British Honduras
Belize
Belize City
c. 1852-1901
Chan Santa Cruz
Mexico
Chan Santa Cruz
1855-1949
image Dominion of Newfoundland
Canada
St. John's
1942-1944
image Commonwealth of the Philippines
Philippines
Washington D.C.
1958-1962
image West Indies Federation
Trinidad and Tobago
Port of Spain
1540-1937
Republic of Honduras
Honduras
Comayagua
fl. 1908-1927
Australia
Melbourne
1885-1978
image Marshall Islands District
Marshall Islands
Jabor
1986-1989
F.S. Micronesia
Kolonia
1896-1942
image British Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
Tulagi
1899-1900
image Republic of Acre
Brazil
Cidade do Acre
1763-1960
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
21st Century
1962-2018
Burundi
Bujumbura
1989-2005
Myanmar
Yangon
1992-2006
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro
Belgrade
1994-2006
Palau
Koror
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