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Hint
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Answer
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What are the three states in the particle model?
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Solid liquid gas
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Physical changes are...
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reversible
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What element has the smallest atoms?
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Helium
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What are the forces between particles?
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electrostatic
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In which state are these forces the weakest?
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Gas
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What 3 things does the particle model not take into account?
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Forces, size, or spaces between particles
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What is is called when something is made from two or more atoms joined together?
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molecule
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What attractive forces are these joined together by?
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chemical bonds
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What is the nucleus surrounded by?
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electrons
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How are these^ arranged?
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in shells
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what is the relative mass of an electron?
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0.0005
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What is a bond length?
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the distance between the centres of two joined atoms
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How do you calculate the mass number?
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Number of protons + number of neutrons
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What can you calculate using the mass number and the atomic number?
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Number of neutrons
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What do you call atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons?
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Isotopes
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What do you call charged particles?
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Ions
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How do you form ions?
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losing or gaining electrons
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Who suggested all matter is made from atoms?
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Dalton
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When was this^?
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1803
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What 2 things did he^ also suggest?
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all atoms of an element are identical and different elements contain different types of atom
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Who discovered the first subatomic particle in 1897?
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Thomson
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What did he^ also discover about the structure and charge or atoms?
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That they had electrons and were neutral overall
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What model did he^ use to show this?
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The plum pudding model
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Who pointed beams of alpha particles at thin gold foil in 1909?
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Rutherford
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What did he^ find out about the nucleus?
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it was positively charged
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Where did he^ find most of the mass was?
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the nucleus
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What did he^ also suggest the electrons did?
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orbit the nucleus
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Who did Bohr disprove?
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Rutherford
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How did he^ say the electrons were arranged instead?
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in shells
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When was this^?
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1913
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