Country names in Chinese

中国

zhōng guó

"中(zhōng)" means "middle; centre" "国(guó)" means "country; nation"

美国

měi guó

"美(měi)" from a syllable of its English name. Again, "国(guó)" means "country"

英国

yīng guó

 

法国

fǎ guó

 

德国

dé guó

"德(dé)" not from English, but the native language of this country

日本

rì běn

This country lies in the East Asian cultural sphere. This word is pronounced "Nihon" or "Nippon" in their language.

朝鲜

cháo xiǎn

This country lies in the East Asian cultural sphere. This word is pronounced "Joseon" in their language.

韩国

hán guó

This country lies in the East Asian cultural sphere. This word is pronounced "Han'guk" in their language.

越南

yuè nán

This country lies in the East Asian cultural sphere. This word is pronounced "Việt Nam" in their language

俄罗斯

é luó sī

From Mongol. Mongolian does not allow word-initial r-, so they added a vowel before that

白俄罗斯

bái é luó sī

"白(bái)" means "white"

瑞典

ruì diǎn

"瑞" was once pronouced "shuì" before 20th century.

瑞士

ruì shì

 

秘鲁

bì lǔ

Again. "bì" is an old pronunciation of "秘". which has changed to "mì", but the name of this country is still pronounced "bì lǔ", not "mì lǔ"

奥地利

ào dì lì

 

澳大利亚

ào dà lì yà

 

利比亚

lì bǐ yà

 

利比里亚

lì bǐ lǐ yà

 

荷兰

hé lán

 

比利时

bǐ lì shí

 

西班牙

xī bān yá

 

意大利

yì dà lì

 

匈牙利

xiōng yá lì

From English, although they have a totally different name in their language.

克罗地亚

kè luó dì yà

From English, although they have a totally different name in their language.

阿尔巴尼亚

ā ěr bā ní yà

From English, although they have a totally different name in their language.

希腊

xī là

Not from English, but the native language of this country

巴基斯坦

bā jī sī tǎn

 

也门

yě mén

 

苏丹

sū dān

 

瓦努阿图

wǎ nǔ ā tú