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PEA life MULTIPLE CHOICE
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Last updated: May 29, 2023
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| First submitted | May 29, 2023 |
| Times taken | 36 |
| Average score | 68.0% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1. Approx how many species of land plants have been described?
400,000
100,000
250,000
2. the first plants are believed to be the?
glaucophytes
liverworts
lycophytes
3. which of these characters emerged earliest in the evolution of plants?
seeds
stomata
true roots
4. which of the following gasses is NOT a major contributor to the greenhouse effect?
carbon monoxide
ground level ozone
methane
5. which of the following are not bryophytes?
liverworts
hornworts
stoneworts
6. aspirin is derived from the bark of which tree?
yew
willow
beech
7. which of the following nutrients is not mined or non renewable?
nitrate
phosphate
potassium
8. which of the following is usually considered to be a micronutrient?
manganese
potassium
phosphorus
9. which of the following species has the highest requirement for nitrates?
white clover
stinging nettle
heather
10. which part of a tomato contains chlorogenic acid, ruin and other chemicals that may reduce larval growth?
unripe fruit
trichomes
roots
11. in general, soil phosphate has the highest availability in which soils?
neutral
calcareous
acidic
12. in legumes the first site of root infection by rhizobium is the?
root hair
root cortex
root cap
13. which of the following is exuded by cluster roots of the proteaceae in order to solubilise rock phosphate?
citrate
ammonia
calcium
14. in the leaves of aquatic plants, stomata are generally found on the?
upper surface
both
lower surface
15. which of the following is a feature of the submerged leaves of amphibious plants?
high stomatal density
a Carbon Concentrating Mechanism (CCM)
thick cuticle
16. which of the following genera has sticky surface traps?
drosera
heliamphora
utricularia
17. most of Britain was covered by glacial ice until approx?
18000 yrs ago
6000 yrs ago
12000 yrs ago
18. boreal vegetation is typically composed of?
deciduous trees
coniferous trees
dwarf shrubs
19. cup shaped parabolic reflecting flowers are characteristic of which environment?
rainforest
hot desert
arctic tundra
20. sinigrin is a toxic defence chemical characteristically found in?
crucifers
clovers
conifers
21. in the tropical rainforest epiphytism is an adaption to?
light limitation
variable water supply
low nutrient status
22. which process is not associated with photosynthesis?
O2 release
carbohydrate oxidised
CO2 fixed
23. chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to have been derived from bacteria via which process?
parasitism
endosymbiosis
parallel evolution
24. water usually comprises how much of the fresh weight of fully turgid non woody plant tissues?
40%
5%
90%
25. which carbohydrate is synthesised in chloroplasts and other plastids and not in the cytosol?
glucose
starch
fructose
26. which of the following is more likely to require light for germination?
a large seed eg bean
a small seed eg lettuce
impossible to predict
27. during what is known as the midday depression of photosynthesis in C3 plants stomata close to prevent?
leaf warming
photorespiration
water stress
28. the vapour pressure of water inside the leaf is equivalent to what relative humidity?
100%
75%
50%
29. a typical stomata aperture, measured as a width of the stomatal pore (in micrometers) would be?
0.1
50-100
10-15
30. how much of the water taken up into plant tissues is retained?
5%
50%
90%
31. a rainforest canopy has a high species diversity of mammals, birds and invertebrates mainly because of?
high annual temps
a complex canopy structure
high annual humidity
32. a corridor linking remnant forest patches is generally thought to be useful for?
maintaining tree productivity
conserving biodiversity
ease of logging activity
33. the planting of coniferous forests can acidify soils which in turn can lead to?
dissolution of nutrient phosphorus
immobilisation of metallic elements
clear catchment lake water due to precipitation of humid substances
34. in general, which of the following plant groups exhibit the highest stomatal conductances?
herbaceous crop plants
evergreen conifers
wild grasses
35. evapotranspiration is important to plant survival because?
makes leaves reflective
keeps the leaves cool
disseminates the products of photosynthesis around the plant
36. what proportion of dry matter does plant nitrogen make up?
1%
10-20%
2-4%
37. which of these is a key advantage of heliotropism in an arctic plant?
avoids overheating
prolongs photosynthesis for several weeks
allows seeds to develop in the short summer
38. leaves of plants with 'Krantz anatomy' perform which type of photosynthesis?
CAM
C4
C3
39. the current conc of CO2 in the atmosphere in ppm is?
390
480
330
40. which of the following environmental conditions tends to result in stomatal closure?
high light intensity
low CO2 concentration
low humidity
41. which of these crops tends to be more sensitive to ozone pollution?
wheat
oilseed rape
lettuce
42. which aspect of plant cell physiology tends to decrease in response to air pollution?
rubisco content and activity
protein repair and turnover
flavonoid biosynthesis
43. plants tend to show a greater stimulation in growth in response to elevated CO2 when?
soil N content is low
soil N content level is high
atmospheric O3 conc is high
44. what mechanism accounts for accelerated leaf dehydration when plants are concurrently exposed to drought and atmospheric ozone?
ozone supresses the synthesis of ABA
ozone renders stomata insensitive to ABA
ozone accelerates the accumulation of ABA
45. a high leaf boundary layer conductance tends to?
decrease evapotranspiration
increase stomatal conductance
decrease stomatal conductance
46. which of the following is not a major function of calcium?
second messenger
constituent of cytoskeleton
constituent of chlorophyll
47. which of the following elements may specifically become toxic to plants in anaerobic mineral soils?
iron
calcium
magnesium
48. in spring the growth of woodland plants such as red campion is predominately limited by?
water
nutrients
light
49. at which of the following stages of development are plants most vulnerable to abiotic stresses?
seedling
juvenile
reproductive
50. which of the following plant chemicals may inhibit digestion of proteins by herbivores?
cyanide
alkaloids
tannins
51. afforestation can have a very powerful drying effect in catchment soils due to?
rainfall interception and evaporation within the canopy
movement of water from soil to atmosphere by evapotranspiration
excessive water uptake and storage by tree species
52. stomata open at night in CAM plants in response to what internal signal?
decreasing temp
decreasing CO2
increasing CO2
53. the enzyme that fixes N in the root nodules of legumes?
glutamine synthase
nitrogenase
nitrate reductase
54. C4 plants are most typical of which of the following habitats?
temperate
tropical
desert
55. which of the following is NOT generally a means of drought avoidance?
annual life cycle
perennial life cycle
deep roots
56. pyrethroids in chrysanthemums act as effective?
insecticides
pheromones
herbicides
57. carnivory is an example of?
parallel evolution
divergent evolution
convergent evolution
58. which of the following grassland biomes is only found in southern latitudes?
steppe
pampas
prairie
59. which of the following traits is most likely to be found in desert plants?
large leaves
ephemeral (short lived) flowers
carnivory
60. the carboxylation processes in C4 plants are?
temporally separated
spatially separated
external to the chloroplasts
61. climatic consequences of change of land use from rainforest to pasture or grassland can potentially?
reduce evapotranspiration; increase surface temp; increase albedo
reduce evapotranspiration; reduce surface temp; increase albedo
increase evapotranspiration; decrease surface temp; decrease albedo
62. a common function of ethylene is to?
promote seed germination
delay senescence
prime rubisco
63. phenology is the study of?
timing of biological events
leaf morphology
root growth
64. the ACi curve is a graph indicating?
intercellular CO2 conc vs net photosynthesis
intercellular CO2 conc vs net respiration
net photosynthesis vs net respiration
65. which term is used to describe plants such as Hay-rattle (rhinanthus minor) which can complete their life cycle independent of a host plant?
facultative parasite
obligate parasite
holoparasite
66. free floating plants such as duckweed are usually restricted to water that is?
oligotrophic
hypertrophic
eutrophic
67. ethnobotany utilises three major groups of plant compounds which are?
glycosides, alkaloids, terpenes
triglycerides, terpenes, alkanes
glycosides, terpenes, auxins
68. in plant nutrition, beneficial elects are regarded as those that?
assist the plant in growth but are not necessary for the plant to complete its lifecycle
are required for the plant to complete the vegetative state of its lifecycle
assist the plant in growth but prevent it from completing its lifecycle
69. wheat plants that suffer from S-deficiency produce flour that is?
reduced in glutathione
reduced in vitamin B12
reduced in vitamin C
70. magnesium is an essential component of?
urease
carbonic anhydrase
chlorophyll
71. the two important micronutrients involved in the N fixing ability of root nodule bacteria are?
cobalt and molybdenum
nickel and manganese
zinc and iron
72. photorespiration takes place in the following plant cell components?
nucleus, mitochondrion, vacuole
chloroplasts, mitochondrion and peroxisome
cytoplasm, chloroplast, ribosome
73. C3 plants assimilate CO2 at a higher rate at elevated temperature because?
in C4 plants rubisco operates at saturated CO2 levels causing them to be less dependent on ambient CO2 concentrations
in C4 plants increase rates of photorespiration negatively affect photosynthesis
C3 plants have higher assimilation rate due to increased temp caused by elevated CO2 levels
74. in many important food crops, elevated CO2 levels can change above ground tissue quality by?
increasing starch content and decreasing N and protein content
decreasing starch content and decreasing N and protein content
increasing N allocation to roots
75. the range of invasive parasitic crop weed Striga hermenthica (purple witchweed) is predicted to increase in the subtropics as a result of environmental change because?
elevated CO2 concs will disadvantage the host plants
changing rainfall patterns encourage germination in dormant seeds
larger areas of the subtropics will experience temps above the minimum germinate and growth temp of the plant
76. a mutualistic interaction is one where?
both organisms involved are harmed by the association
one organism benefits but the other is unaffected
both organisms involved benefit from the association
77. the change of plant cover from one type of community to another type is called?
dispersion
succession
progression
78. the principal cause of secondary succession is?
disturbance such as a forest fire
the action of lichens and mosses
new seeds are transported into a grassland
79. maintaining the genetic diversity of agricultural crops is important in order to?
prevent disease epidemics
reduce pesticide damage
obtain the highest yields that are possible
80. cacti and euphorbias are found in deserts and look very similar yet are completely unrelated this is an example of?
convergent evolution
adaptive radiation
coevolution
81. secondary metabolites function in plants by?
increasing photosynthetic rate
conferring stress tolerance to plants
making plants unpalatable for herbivores
82. which best describes energy in an ecosystem?
energy in an ecosystem comes from solar energy and enters the trophic pyramid through the producers
biomassss of each trophic level is about 90% of that below
energy is recycled back into the lowest trophic levels
83. a tree interrupts solar energy in a forest canopy restricting access to this resource for the plants that grow on the forest floor. this is an example of?
interference competition
resource competition
limiting factors
84. wood consists of accumulated?
secondary phloem
secondary xylem
primary xylem
85. tree species gown under elevated CO2 concentrations can protect themselves from predation from invertebrates by?
increasing % leaf water
producing more leaf tannins
producing less biomass
86. which of the elemental cycles of carbon, phosphorus, sulphur and potassium do not have an atmospheric component?
potassium and phosphorus
carbon and phosphorus
potassium and sulphur
87. which of the following is least effective in photosynthesis?
red light
blue light
green light
88. under drought stress plants shut down their vital functions in the following order?
leaf growth, stomatal opening, photosynthesis, respiration
photosynthesis , stomatal opening, respiration, growth
respiration, photosynthesis, stomatal opening, leaf growth
89. in primary succession, plant colonisation passes through stages called 'seres' until stabilisation- this point is known as the?
climax succession
plagioclimax succession
end point succession
90. C3 and C4 plants are so called because?
the number represents the number of C atoms present In the first carbohydrate photosynthetic product
they are the third and 4th type of plant physiologies discovered
the numbers represent the efficiency rate of inorganic/organic conversion
91. the boundary between adjacent biomes is called an ecotone. these are important for plant biodiversity because?
they may contain species that are not present in the adjacent biomes
they can prevent one biome from encroaching on another
they act as a barrier to protect the biodiversity in a biome
92. a north-south transect across the Sahel in Africa, demonstrates a biome shift from tropical rainforest through Savannah to hot desert, this is primarily a result of?
overgrazing and land use due to population pressure
a combination of temp change and strong prevailing winds
a dramatic reduction in precipitation fro south to north
93. the 2 major factors that control the distribution of plants are?
temp and soil type
temp and precipitation
precipitation and soil type
94. globally, what percentage of terrestrial plants are C4 plants?
20%
5%
50%
95. what statement bets describes an aspect of heathland?
heathland soils are generally alkaline and nutrient rich and plant growth is slow
heathland is a natural habitat and needs to be protected from invasive species
heathland needs to be managed to prevent succession to woodland and/or invasion by bracken and grassland
96. multiple cropping oats or barley with vetch or peas as a mixed forage crop are advantageous because?
the 2 crops do not compete for light, water or mineral nutrients
the yield of each of the 2 crops can be higher than if they were grown individually
the legume enriches the protein of the feed and the cereal supplies the bulk of the carbohydrates and supports the weak stemmed legume
97. what is the best definition of an ecotype?
specific types of plants and animals that live together
individuals adapted to a specific community
specific types of plants and individuals
98. the plant species richness of a hay meadow tends to be lower when available N is abundant because?
many plant species will not grow when N conc are higher in soil
excess N favours competitive species which then dominate and less competitive plants do not thrive
excess N disrupts the mycorrhizal association between the plant species and the fungal species
99. a mycorrhizal association is beneficial to both fungal and plant partner because?
the plant provides carbohydrate and the fungus provides moisture and stability
the plant provides carbohydrate and the fungus provides P
the plant provides P and fungus provides carbohydrate
100. the 3 crops with the highest global production are?
cane sugar, maize, rice
wheat, potato, cassava
cane sugar, wheat, sorghum
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