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PEA life MULTIPLE CHOICE
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Last updated: May 29, 2023
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| First submitted | May 29, 2023 |
| Times taken | 36 |
| Average score | 68.0% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1. Approx how many species of land plants have been described?
100,000
250,000
400,000
2. the first plants are believed to be the?
lycophytes
glaucophytes
liverworts
3. which of these characters emerged earliest in the evolution of plants?
true roots
stomata
seeds
4. which of the following gasses is NOT a major contributor to the greenhouse effect?
carbon monoxide
methane
ground level ozone
5. which of the following are not bryophytes?
liverworts
stoneworts
hornworts
6. aspirin is derived from the bark of which tree?
willow
yew
beech
7. which of the following nutrients is not mined or non renewable?
nitrate
potassium
phosphate
8. which of the following is usually considered to be a micronutrient?
potassium
manganese
phosphorus
9. which of the following species has the highest requirement for nitrates?
heather
white clover
stinging nettle
10. which part of a tomato contains chlorogenic acid, ruin and other chemicals that may reduce larval growth?
trichomes
unripe fruit
roots
11. in general, soil phosphate has the highest availability in which soils?
neutral
acidic
calcareous
12. in legumes the first site of root infection by rhizobium is the?
root hair
root cortex
root cap
13. which of the following is exuded by cluster roots of the proteaceae in order to solubilise rock phosphate?
calcium
citrate
ammonia
14. in the leaves of aquatic plants, stomata are generally found on the?
both
lower surface
upper surface
15. which of the following is a feature of the submerged leaves of amphibious plants?
high stomatal density
a Carbon Concentrating Mechanism (CCM)
thick cuticle
16. which of the following genera has sticky surface traps?
heliamphora
utricularia
drosera
17. most of Britain was covered by glacial ice until approx?
12000 yrs ago
18000 yrs ago
6000 yrs ago
18. boreal vegetation is typically composed of?
deciduous trees
dwarf shrubs
coniferous trees
19. cup shaped parabolic reflecting flowers are characteristic of which environment?
rainforest
hot desert
arctic tundra
20. sinigrin is a toxic defence chemical characteristically found in?
crucifers
clovers
conifers
21. in the tropical rainforest epiphytism is an adaption to?
variable water supply
low nutrient status
light limitation
22. which process is not associated with photosynthesis?
CO2 fixed
carbohydrate oxidised
O2 release
23. chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to have been derived from bacteria via which process?
endosymbiosis
parallel evolution
parasitism
24. water usually comprises how much of the fresh weight of fully turgid non woody plant tissues?
5%
90%
40%
25. which carbohydrate is synthesised in chloroplasts and other plastids and not in the cytosol?
glucose
starch
fructose
26. which of the following is more likely to require light for germination?
a large seed eg bean
a small seed eg lettuce
impossible to predict
27. during what is known as the midday depression of photosynthesis in C3 plants stomata close to prevent?
water stress
photorespiration
leaf warming
28. the vapour pressure of water inside the leaf is equivalent to what relative humidity?
75%
50%
100%
29. a typical stomata aperture, measured as a width of the stomatal pore (in micrometers) would be?
10-15
0.1
50-100
30. how much of the water taken up into plant tissues is retained?
90%
5%
50%
31. a rainforest canopy has a high species diversity of mammals, birds and invertebrates mainly because of?
high annual humidity
high annual temps
a complex canopy structure
32. a corridor linking remnant forest patches is generally thought to be useful for?
maintaining tree productivity
ease of logging activity
conserving biodiversity
33. the planting of coniferous forests can acidify soils which in turn can lead to?
clear catchment lake water due to precipitation of humid substances
immobilisation of metallic elements
dissolution of nutrient phosphorus
34. in general, which of the following plant groups exhibit the highest stomatal conductances?
wild grasses
evergreen conifers
herbaceous crop plants
35. evapotranspiration is important to plant survival because?
makes leaves reflective
keeps the leaves cool
disseminates the products of photosynthesis around the plant
36. what proportion of dry matter does plant nitrogen make up?
2-4%
10-20%
1%
37. which of these is a key advantage of heliotropism in an arctic plant?
avoids overheating
prolongs photosynthesis for several weeks
allows seeds to develop in the short summer
38. leaves of plants with 'Krantz anatomy' perform which type of photosynthesis?
CAM
C4
C3
39. the current conc of CO2 in the atmosphere in ppm is?
480
390
330
40. which of the following environmental conditions tends to result in stomatal closure?
low humidity
high light intensity
low CO2 concentration
41. which of these crops tends to be more sensitive to ozone pollution?
lettuce
oilseed rape
wheat
42. which aspect of plant cell physiology tends to decrease in response to air pollution?
protein repair and turnover
rubisco content and activity
flavonoid biosynthesis
43. plants tend to show a greater stimulation in growth in response to elevated CO2 when?
atmospheric O3 conc is high
soil N content level is high
soil N content is low
44. what mechanism accounts for accelerated leaf dehydration when plants are concurrently exposed to drought and atmospheric ozone?
ozone renders stomata insensitive to ABA
ozone accelerates the accumulation of ABA
ozone supresses the synthesis of ABA
45. a high leaf boundary layer conductance tends to?
decrease stomatal conductance
increase stomatal conductance
decrease evapotranspiration
46. which of the following is not a major function of calcium?
constituent of chlorophyll
constituent of cytoskeleton
second messenger
47. which of the following elements may specifically become toxic to plants in anaerobic mineral soils?
iron
magnesium
calcium
48. in spring the growth of woodland plants such as red campion is predominately limited by?
water
light
nutrients
49. at which of the following stages of development are plants most vulnerable to abiotic stresses?
reproductive
seedling
juvenile
50. which of the following plant chemicals may inhibit digestion of proteins by herbivores?
cyanide
tannins
alkaloids
51. afforestation can have a very powerful drying effect in catchment soils due to?
movement of water from soil to atmosphere by evapotranspiration
excessive water uptake and storage by tree species
rainfall interception and evaporation within the canopy
52. stomata open at night in CAM plants in response to what internal signal?
increasing CO2
decreasing temp
decreasing CO2
53. the enzyme that fixes N in the root nodules of legumes?
nitrogenase
glutamine synthase
nitrate reductase
54. C4 plants are most typical of which of the following habitats?
tropical
temperate
desert
55. which of the following is NOT generally a means of drought avoidance?
annual life cycle
deep roots
perennial life cycle
56. pyrethroids in chrysanthemums act as effective?
pheromones
insecticides
herbicides
57. carnivory is an example of?
divergent evolution
parallel evolution
convergent evolution
58. which of the following grassland biomes is only found in southern latitudes?
pampas
steppe
prairie
59. which of the following traits is most likely to be found in desert plants?
carnivory
ephemeral (short lived) flowers
large leaves
60. the carboxylation processes in C4 plants are?
spatially separated
external to the chloroplasts
temporally separated
61. climatic consequences of change of land use from rainforest to pasture or grassland can potentially?
reduce evapotranspiration; reduce surface temp; increase albedo
increase evapotranspiration; decrease surface temp; decrease albedo
reduce evapotranspiration; increase surface temp; increase albedo
62. a common function of ethylene is to?
promote seed germination
prime rubisco
delay senescence
63. phenology is the study of?
root growth
timing of biological events
leaf morphology
64. the ACi curve is a graph indicating?
intercellular CO2 conc vs net photosynthesis
intercellular CO2 conc vs net respiration
net photosynthesis vs net respiration
65. which term is used to describe plants such as Hay-rattle (rhinanthus minor) which can complete their life cycle independent of a host plant?
obligate parasite
holoparasite
facultative parasite
66. free floating plants such as duckweed are usually restricted to water that is?
eutrophic
hypertrophic
oligotrophic
67. ethnobotany utilises three major groups of plant compounds which are?
glycosides, terpenes, auxins
glycosides, alkaloids, terpenes
triglycerides, terpenes, alkanes
68. in plant nutrition, beneficial elects are regarded as those that?
assist the plant in growth but prevent it from completing its lifecycle
assist the plant in growth but are not necessary for the plant to complete its lifecycle
are required for the plant to complete the vegetative state of its lifecycle
69. wheat plants that suffer from S-deficiency produce flour that is?
reduced in vitamin C
reduced in glutathione
reduced in vitamin B12
70. magnesium is an essential component of?
carbonic anhydrase
urease
chlorophyll
71. the two important micronutrients involved in the N fixing ability of root nodule bacteria are?
nickel and manganese
zinc and iron
cobalt and molybdenum
72. photorespiration takes place in the following plant cell components?
chloroplasts, mitochondrion and peroxisome
cytoplasm, chloroplast, ribosome
nucleus, mitochondrion, vacuole
73. C3 plants assimilate CO2 at a higher rate at elevated temperature because?
C3 plants have higher assimilation rate due to increased temp caused by elevated CO2 levels
in C4 plants increase rates of photorespiration negatively affect photosynthesis
in C4 plants rubisco operates at saturated CO2 levels causing them to be less dependent on ambient CO2 concentrations
74. in many important food crops, elevated CO2 levels can change above ground tissue quality by?
increasing N allocation to roots
increasing starch content and decreasing N and protein content
decreasing starch content and decreasing N and protein content
75. the range of invasive parasitic crop weed Striga hermenthica (purple witchweed) is predicted to increase in the subtropics as a result of environmental change because?
elevated CO2 concs will disadvantage the host plants
larger areas of the subtropics will experience temps above the minimum germinate and growth temp of the plant
changing rainfall patterns encourage germination in dormant seeds
76. a mutualistic interaction is one where?
one organism benefits but the other is unaffected
both organisms involved benefit from the association
both organisms involved are harmed by the association
77. the change of plant cover from one type of community to another type is called?
dispersion
succession
progression
78. the principal cause of secondary succession is?
new seeds are transported into a grassland
the action of lichens and mosses
disturbance such as a forest fire
79. maintaining the genetic diversity of agricultural crops is important in order to?
obtain the highest yields that are possible
reduce pesticide damage
prevent disease epidemics
80. cacti and euphorbias are found in deserts and look very similar yet are completely unrelated this is an example of?
coevolution
convergent evolution
adaptive radiation
81. secondary metabolites function in plants by?
conferring stress tolerance to plants
making plants unpalatable for herbivores
increasing photosynthetic rate
82. which best describes energy in an ecosystem?
biomassss of each trophic level is about 90% of that below
energy in an ecosystem comes from solar energy and enters the trophic pyramid through the producers
energy is recycled back into the lowest trophic levels
83. a tree interrupts solar energy in a forest canopy restricting access to this resource for the plants that grow on the forest floor. this is an example of?
resource competition
interference competition
limiting factors
84. wood consists of accumulated?
primary xylem
secondary phloem
secondary xylem
85. tree species gown under elevated CO2 concentrations can protect themselves from predation from invertebrates by?
producing more leaf tannins
producing less biomass
increasing % leaf water
86. which of the elemental cycles of carbon, phosphorus, sulphur and potassium do not have an atmospheric component?
potassium and sulphur
carbon and phosphorus
potassium and phosphorus
87. which of the following is least effective in photosynthesis?
red light
blue light
green light
88. under drought stress plants shut down their vital functions in the following order?
respiration, photosynthesis, stomatal opening, leaf growth
photosynthesis , stomatal opening, respiration, growth
leaf growth, stomatal opening, photosynthesis, respiration
89. in primary succession, plant colonisation passes through stages called 'seres' until stabilisation- this point is known as the?
plagioclimax succession
end point succession
climax succession
90. C3 and C4 plants are so called because?
they are the third and 4th type of plant physiologies discovered
the number represents the number of C atoms present In the first carbohydrate photosynthetic product
the numbers represent the efficiency rate of inorganic/organic conversion
91. the boundary between adjacent biomes is called an ecotone. these are important for plant biodiversity because?
they act as a barrier to protect the biodiversity in a biome
they can prevent one biome from encroaching on another
they may contain species that are not present in the adjacent biomes
92. a north-south transect across the Sahel in Africa, demonstrates a biome shift from tropical rainforest through Savannah to hot desert, this is primarily a result of?
a dramatic reduction in precipitation fro south to north
a combination of temp change and strong prevailing winds
overgrazing and land use due to population pressure
93. the 2 major factors that control the distribution of plants are?
temp and precipitation
temp and soil type
precipitation and soil type
94. globally, what percentage of terrestrial plants are C4 plants?
20%
50%
5%
95. what statement bets describes an aspect of heathland?
heathland is a natural habitat and needs to be protected from invasive species
heathland soils are generally alkaline and nutrient rich and plant growth is slow
heathland needs to be managed to prevent succession to woodland and/or invasion by bracken and grassland
96. multiple cropping oats or barley with vetch or peas as a mixed forage crop are advantageous because?
the 2 crops do not compete for light, water or mineral nutrients
the yield of each of the 2 crops can be higher than if they were grown individually
the legume enriches the protein of the feed and the cereal supplies the bulk of the carbohydrates and supports the weak stemmed legume
97. what is the best definition of an ecotype?
individuals adapted to a specific community
specific types of plants and individuals
specific types of plants and animals that live together
98. the plant species richness of a hay meadow tends to be lower when available N is abundant because?
excess N disrupts the mycorrhizal association between the plant species and the fungal species
many plant species will not grow when N conc are higher in soil
excess N favours competitive species which then dominate and less competitive plants do not thrive
99. a mycorrhizal association is beneficial to both fungal and plant partner because?
the plant provides P and fungus provides carbohydrate
the plant provides carbohydrate and the fungus provides moisture and stability
the plant provides carbohydrate and the fungus provides P
100. the 3 crops with the highest global production are?
cane sugar, maize, rice
cane sugar, wheat, sorghum
wheat, potato, cassava
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