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Hint
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Answer
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if backward direction is exothermic what is the forward direction
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endothermic
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what is the difference in energy known as in a reaction profile
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△H
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if energy is released by the forward direction then what is the backwards direction
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energy is absorbed
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how does the position of equilibrium change when there's a decrease in pressure of this reaction:
CO₍₉₎ + 2H₂ ₍₉₎ ⇌ CH₃OH₍₉₎ |
first, see what side has more molecules of gas. 1 molecule on right and 3 molecules on left. So if pressure decreases, position of equilibrium shifts to the left. This is because a decrease in pressure means there is more space for particles, so if we produce more molecules then we can increase the pressure so then this decrease in pressure will be balanced out by increasing pressure as more molecules per unit of volume increases pressure, so this restores equilibrium and obviously more reactant is produced because it has more gas molecules.
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what colour are hydrated copper (ii) sulfate crystals
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blue
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what are marble chips made of
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calcium carbonate
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what can't a catalyst affect in a reversible reaction
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position of equilibrium
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what can the units of rate of reaction be
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what happens when hydrated copper (ii) sulfate is thermally decomposed
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forms water and anhydrous copper (ii) sulfate in an exothermic reaction
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9999999999999999999
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how do we find the rate of reaction
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what's a bond energy
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strength of a chemical bond
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if a reversible reaction is endothermic one way what will the other way be
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exothermic
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what is x⁻¹ the same as
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1/x
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how do we see what catalysts are the best at decomposing hydrogen peroxide
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experiment with different catalysts
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when is the reaction endothermic
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when the total energy needed to break bonds is higher than the total energy released by forming new bonds
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what is the position of equilibrium
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relative concentrations of reactants and products
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what colour is ammonium chloride powder
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white
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999999999999999999
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what is a reversible reaction
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reaction where the forward and backward reactions happen at the same time
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state the word equation in the thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride
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ammonium chloride ⇌ nitrogen + hydrogen chloride
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what colour is sodium thiosulfate solution
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colourless
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can reactions have more gas molecules on one side
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yes
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what happens when hydrogen chloride and nitrogen are cooled
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produces ammonium chloride
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9999999999999999999
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describe the table and graph of the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid when we vary the concentration of sodium thiosulfate
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the graph and table show that rate of reaction is directly proportional to concentration of sodium thiosulfate. This experiment can be repeated to show how temperature affects the rate of reaction, where we keep everything the same but just increase temperature.
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what is conservation of energy
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energy isn't created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
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what 5 things would you increase to increase the rate of reaction, in ascending alphabetical order
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catalyst, concentration of a liquid, pressure of gas, surface area of solid, temperature.
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if a reversible reaction is exothermic one way what will the other way be
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endothermic
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is the dehydration of copper (ii) sulfate exothermic
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no
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what diagram can △H be represented on?
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energy level diagram
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state the word equation for the dehydration of copper (ii) sulfate
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hydrated copper (ii) sulfate ⇌ anhydrous copper (ii) sulfate + water
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what does the energy released by the forward direction equal
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energy absorbed by the backward direction
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does forming bonds need energy
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no
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what happens when the conditions of an equilibrium reaction change
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position of equilibrium changes to counteract the change in conditions in order to restore eqauilibrium
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why is a dynamic equilibrium considered dynamic
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because the forward and backwards directions are still moving but just at the same rate
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what is a reaction profile a.k.a
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energy level or energy profile
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what colour is anhydrous copper (ii) sulfate powder
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white
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what is a characteristic of hydrogen peroxide
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it slowly and naturally decomposes to produce water and oxygen
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9999999999999999999
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how do you calculate △H using bond energies
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Energy needed to break bonds - Energy released when forming bonds
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what is the unit cm³ the same as
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grams
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what is hydrogen peroxide's chemical formula
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H₂O₂
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99999999999999999
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how can a reaction be endothermic if the total energy released equals the total absorbed
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total energy needed to break all bonds is different for every compound
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describe and explain how to increase the rate of reaction with a gas without increasing temperature
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Increase the pressure of a gas, this means the same particles are present in a smaller volume which means there is less room for the gases to not react, so there are more particles per unit of volume as there is less volume for them to travel in. This makes more room for collisions so they will be more frequent which increases the rate of reaction.
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what happens when the position of equilibrium shifts to the left
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moves away from products moves away from right moves towards left moves towards reactants produces less product produces more reactant balances everything out restores equilibrium happens when product is added or reactant is removed |
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what does an decrease pressure do to position of equilibrium
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shifts to side that produces more gas molecules
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what poisonous gas is produced during the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid and how do we prevent getting harmed
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sulfur dioxide is produced which dissolves in water to give an acidic solutionof sulfurous acid. The reaction is carried out in a well ventilated room so we don't get harmed.
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what one thing do reactions need to take place
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activation energy
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why do reactants have less energy than products sometimes
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reactants absorb heat energy from surroundings which warms the products
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9999999999999999999
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what is the enthalpy change
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change in heat during a reaction at constant pressure
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what is room temp. (don't use kelvin)
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20°C
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what does △H mean
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(molar) enthalpy change
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how do we know if a catalyst is effective in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
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if bubbles of oxygen gas are formed
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