Stats: AQA A-level Psychology Paper 2 all the names

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Answer Stats

Topic	Question	Answer	% Correct
Approaches	Credited with classical conditioning. Original study was on dogs	Ivan Pavlov	87%
Approaches	The weirdo who founded the psychodynamic approach. Came up with the levels of consciousness, parts of the psyche, defence mechanisms, and the psychosexual stages.	Sigmund Freud	87%
Approaches	Discovered operant conditioning. Original study on rats	Skinner	87%
Approaches	The OG psychologist who used introspection to objectively study cognitive processes. His empirical methods helped move psychology to the realm of science	Wilhelm Wundt	87%
Approaches	Developed upon behaviourism and founded social learning theory. Bobo Doll study	Albert Bandura	80%
Approaches	One of the researchers credited with developing the Humanistic approach. Came up with the hierarchy of needs, with self-actualisation at the top	Abraham Maslow	60%
Biopsychology	Discovered a language centre in the temporal lobe and named it after himself. Responsible for language processing and understanding	Carl Wernicke	53%
Approaches	The other humanism researcher, who focused on the idea of "the self", conditions of worth, and developed client centred therapy	Carl Rogers	47%
Biopsychology	Discovered a language centre in the frontal lobe and named it after himself. Responsible for language production	Paul Broca	47%
Biopsychology	French fella stuck himself in a cave for 179 days to study the effect on his sleep cycle	Michel Siffre (1975)	40%
Biopsychology	Case study of this individual shows functions aren't totally localised as his brain reorganised and mostly recovered following a pipe piercing his frontal lobe	Phineas Gage	33%
Biopsychology	Supports brain plasticity. Studied brains in London taxi drivers, found significantly more grey matter in hippocampus than control. Due to test called "The Knowledge"	Maguire et al (2000)	27%
Approaches	Cognitive approach can be used to model memory stores such as the working memory model by...	Baddeley & Hitch	20%
Biopsychology	Supported importance of endogenous pacemakers, like SCN. Destroyed SCN in 30 chipmunks and returned them to their natural habitat, then observed for 80 days. Their sleep/wake cycle disappeared. Many were killed by predators, since they were awake instead of asleep and hidden.	DeCoursey et al (2000)	20%
Biopsychology	Supports brain plasticity. Found increase in grey matter in those who played super Mario for 30 mins per day for 2 months. Gaming resulted in new synaptic connections for cognitive functioning, motor skills, spatial navigation	Kuhn (2014)	20%
Biopsychology	Supports brain plasticity. Compared Tibetan monks to non-meditation controls. Monks showed a significant increase in gamma wave activity during meditation. Control did show increase, but not as much as monks	Davidson et al (2004)	13%
Biopsychology	Supports localisation of function. Found 1/3 of patients who had a cingulotomy (lesion of cingulate gyrus to help OCD and depression) showed an improvement in symptoms, showing some mental disorders are localised	Dougherty et al (2002)	13%
Approaches	Support for conditions of worth. Found teens who feel they have to meet certain conditions to gain parents approval often end up disliking themselves	Harter et al (1996)	13%
Biopsychology	Studied infradian rhythms. 29 women with irregular periods. Took samples of pheromones from 9 of them at different stages of their cycles - wore pad under armpit for 8 hours a day. Pads treated with alcohol and frozen, then rubbed on upper lip of remaining 20 pps. 68% found menstrual cycles became synchronous.	McClintock	13%
Biopsychology	Supports localisation of function. Used brain scans to show Wernicke's area was active during listening tasks, and Broca's area was active during a reading task	Peterson et al (1988)	13%
Biopsychology	Found individual differences in functional recovery. Patients with a college education are 7x more likely than those who didn't finish high school to be disability free one year after a moderate to severe brain injury	Schneider et al	13%
Biopsychology	Studied 11 epileptic patients who had a commissurotomy, which allowed them to see extent to which hemispheres are lateralised, and if they're independent. Bunch of conditions - showed pics in left or right visual field.	Sperry & Gazzaniga	13%
Approaches	Supported SLT, stating people are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour if they're exposed to models who do, and then identify with them and expect positive consequences	Akers (1998)	7%
Approaches	Followed up the Bobo Doll study and found when children saw the model get rewarded for aggressive behaviour, they were more likely to show a high level of aggression	Bandura & Walters	7%
Biopsychology	Argued body temp is more important than light, since the smallest change sends a powerful signal to our body clocks. Suggests a holistic approach may be better	Buhr et al (2010)	7%
Biopsychology	Supported importance of exogenous zeitgebers. Shone artificial light on back of pps knees, found it could shift their sleep/wake cycle by 3 hours, showing light doesn't need to be registered by the eyes	Campbell & Murphy (1998)	7%
Biopsychology	Supports sleep cycle (ultradian rhythm). Monitored sleep patterns of 9 adults (7 male, 2 female). Brain wave recorded with EEG, researchers controlled for caffeine and alcohol. Found strong correlation between REM and dreaming. Those who woke during REM could remember more	Dement & Kleitman (1957)	7%
Biopsychology	Proposed 3 methods of functional recovery: neuronal unmasking, axonal sprouting, recruitment	Doidge (2007)	7%
Biospychology	Supports brain plasticity. 24 non-jugglers in 2 groups. After 3 months, all 12 in experimental group could juggle for at least 60secs. Brain scans taken before and after showed changes in regions related to visualisation in temporal lobe	Draganski (2004)	7%
Biopsychology	Found individual differences in functional recovery. Concluded capacity for neural reorganisation and regeneration is greater in children than adults	Elbert et al	7%
Approaches	Supported idea of identification. Pps saw virtual models either exercising or just loitering. Models looked similar or dissimilar to pps. Those who looked similar did more exercise in following 24 hours compared to other group.	Fox & Bailenson (2009)	7%
Approaches	Supported role of hierarchy of needs linking to economic development. Studied 88 countries over 34 years, found countries in early stages of economic development had lower level needs	Hagerty (1999)	7%
Biopsychology	Individual differences in localisation of function. Found women have larger Broca's and Wernicke's areas	Harasty et al (1997)	7%
Biopsychology	Found jet-lagged travellers adjust quicker if they went outside more, as it exposes them to social cues. This also explains why blind people have the same sleep/wake cycle	Klein	7%
Biopsychology	Showed there may be sex differences in fight or flight response. Found the SRY gene in male Y chromosome promotes aggression	Lee & Harley (2012)	7%
Biopsychology	Treated patients who couldn't speak due to brain damage. In every case, there was damage to left but not right hemisphere. Assumed language located in left - hemispheric lateralisation	Marc Dax	7%
Approaches	Found cultural differences in hierarchy of needs. Study in China found people see belongingness as more fundamental than physiological needs, and that self-actualisation was more determined by contributions to community	Nevis (1983)	7%
Approaches	Claimed introspection isn't reliable. Said self-reports like introspection can't uncover attitudes that exist outside our conscious awareness, since we don't know the causes of them ourselves.	Nisbett & Wilson	7%
Biopsychology	Criticises the above. Suggested many other factors affect menstrual cycle, such as light. Found a woman's cycle shortened from 28 days to 25.7 after 3 months in a cave with a small lamp	Reinberg (1967)	7%
Approaches	States the above doesn't establish causation. Suggested young people with deviant values seek out similar peers, meaning they haven't learned from each other.	Siegel & McCormick (2006)	7%
Biopsychology	Criticises the above. Found language becomes more lateralised to LH until 25, then it began decreasing	Szaflarski et al (2006)	7%
Biopsychology	Supports functional recovery. Randomly put rats with brain injuries into 2 groups. Group1 had stem cells transplant into brain, group2 had solution infused into brain without stem cells. Group1 showed development of neuron cells in area of injury after 3 months	Tajiri (2013)	7%
Biopsychology	Individual differences in sleep cycles. Studied pps over 11 days in a controlled lab, assessed sleep duration, time taken to fall asleep, and time in each stage. There were consistently large differences in each characteristic, especially in stages 3,4. Suggested it's biologically determined	Tucker et al (2007)	7%
Biopsychology	Showed the benefits of acute stressors. Found acute stress leads to co-operative and friendly behaviour in men and women	Von Dawans et al (2012)	7%
Biopsychology	Found exposure to bright light prior to an east to west flight made it easier for pps to adapt to new time. Their circadian rhythms shifted by 2 hours closer to new time zone.	Burgess et al (2003)	0%

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AQA A-level Psychology Paper 2 all the names - Statistics