Questions on Sigmund Freud

What term describes any theory that emphasises change and development in the individual?

There are 3 key assumptions to Freud's psychodynamic approach. 1 is that the [___] mind is the driving force behind behaviour. 2 there are natural [___] that we're born with, which develop through psychosexual stages. 3 early [___] experiences are important in making us who we are - Freud argued most of our psychological development is completed by 6 years old

There are three levels to the human mind. The [___] is who you are and what you're thinking about. The [___] is just below the surface, and includes memories we can recall if needed. The [___] includes our thoughts, feelings, experiences and desires that are pushed far beneath the surface

Freud described the human personality/psyche as split into three. The id forms from [_] - [__] months old, operates solely at the [___] level and contains the [l__]. It operates according to the [___] principle, so it demands immediate [g__] regardless of circumstances.

The ego develops between [__] months and [_] years old. It mediates between the [___] principle of the id and the [___] principle. It delays gratifying the id until a more appropriate time, and balances the id and superego.

The superego develops between [_] and [_] years old. It operates based on the [___] principle. The id and superego constantly conflict, which may cause [a__].

Freud said anxiety reduces the effectiveness of the ego, so we have defence mechanisms that we unconsciously use to reduce anxiety. One of these methods is [___] which pushes unpleasant memories to the [___] so it can't cause anxiety, but it can still affect out [___] behaviour

Another defence mechanism is [___], where we refuse to accept the reality of an unpleasant situation. This may reduce anxiety, but it isn't actually helpful, as it doesn't [c__] or [a__] reality

The final defence mechanism is [___], where the focus of a strong emotion is expressed on a [n__] object/person, usually because the cause of emotion isn't accessible. This reduces anxiety by allowing [e__] of emotion. It brings about [c__], which is the relief caused by releasing a build up of [e__] pressure

Freud believed personality develops through 5 psychosexual stages. The main driving force is the [l__] and people experience [t__] when it builds up, then [p__] from release. In each stage this is expressed in different ways. 1: [___] stage - from [_] - [_] years, the [___] is the focal point of sensation and is how a child expresses early sexual energy (e.g. sucking/biting)

2: [___] stage - from [_] - [_] years. The beginnings of [___] development, as the child becomes aware of the demands of reality. Major issue at this stage is [___] training - pleasure from defecating

3: [___] stage - from [_] - [_] years. [L__] is now focussed on the genitals. For boys, the major conflict is the [___] complex, where the boy unconsciously wishes to posses their [___] and remove their [___]. As a result, boys experience [___] anxiety, so the boy [i__] with their father to resolve this.

4: [___] stage - from [_] - [__] years. The [l__] is now spread evenly across the body, so it's a calm time for development. The conflicts and issues of the previous stages are forgotten

5: [___] stage - from [__]+ years. [L__] is focussed on the genitals again, and will be for the rest of their life. Any [f__] from the first 3 stages stay with them for life. These [f__] on certain stages can be caused by receiving lots of praise - [___] reinforcement