Richard I

Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199, was famously known by this nickname

Richard I participated in this major historical conflict from 1189 to 1192, aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem.

Richard I was the son of this famous English king who ruled both England and a large part of France.

This woman, Richard I's mother, was one of the most powerful women of the 12th century and was queen of both France and England.

Richard I was officially crowned King of England in this year.

Richard’s coronation caused anti-Semitic riots, especially in this northern English city, where many Jews were killed.

This sultan of Egypt and Syria was Richard I's main opponent during the Third Crusade.

This treaty, negotiated between Richard and the great Ayyubid leader in 1192, allowed Christian pilgrims to enter Jerusalem while the city remained under Muslim control.

Richard was a skilled military leader, known for defeating Saladin's forces at this famous battle in 1191.

This French king fought alongside Richard I during the early part of the Third Crusade but later became his rival.

Richard I was captured by Leopold of austria, later handed to this Holy Roman Emperor while returning from the Third Crusade in 1192.

Richard married this woman, who became Queen of England, though they spent little time together.

Richard’s ransom, paid for his release in 1194, amounted to this enormous sum of silver.

Richard I was fluent in this language, commonly spoken by the nobility in England and France during his time.

Richard I was injured by a crossbow and later died while besieging this castle in France.

This famous French minstrel is said to have discovered Richard I in captivity by singing outside various castles until the king responded to him.

This large fortress built by Richard I was intended to protect Normandy from French attacks.

Richard's brother, who became king after him and is often remembered for signing the Magna Carta, ruled after Richard's death.

Richard I only spent this many months in England during his ten-year reign.

Richard’s heart is buried in this French city’s cathedral, while the rest of his body is interred in Fontevraud Abbey.