|
holding
|
year
|
case caption
|
|
Courts have the power to review the constitutionality of acts of Congress.
|
1803
|
Marbury v. Madison
|
|
States may not impose a tax on the Bank of the United States.
|
1819
|
McCulloch v. Maryland
|
|
To win a libel case, public figures must prove “actual malice” on the part of the writer.
|
1964
|
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
|
|
Freedom of speech and of the press may be limited if the speech creates a clear and present danger.
|
1919
|
Schenck v. United States
|
|
The First Amendment free speech right applies to public schools.
|
1969
|
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
|
|
Public schools may not require prayer.
|
1962
|
Engel v. Vitale
|
|
Public schools cannot be segregated by race.
|
1954
|
Brown v. Board of Education
|
|
Most university race-based affirmative action plans violate the Fourteenth Amendment.
|
2023
|
Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard
|
|
Black people are not U.S. citizens.
|
1857
|
Dred Scott v. Sandford
|
|
Racial segregation laws do not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race are equal in quality.
|
1896
|
Plessy v. Ferguson
|
|
Japanese internment was constitutionally permissible.
|
1944
|
Korematsu v. United States
|
|
States may not ban interracial marriage.
|
1967
|
Loving v. Virginia
|
|
Married couples are constitutionally entitled to make their own decisions on contraception.
|
1965
|
Griswold v. Connecticut
|
|
There is a constitutional right to an abortion.
|
1973
|
Roe v. Wade
|
|
...actually, no there isn't.
|
2022
|
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
|
|
There is a constitutional right to gay marriage.
|
2015
|
Obergefell v. Hodges
|
|
States may not interfere with the right to contract.
|
1905
|
Lochner v. New York
|
|
...well, maybe they can; states are allowed to regulate commerce.
|
1937
|
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish
|
|
States must provide indigent criminal defendants with counsel.
|
1963
|
Gideon v. Wainwright
|
|
Arrested individuals have the right to remain silent and are entitled to be warned of that right.
|
1966
|
Miranda v. Arizona
|