Laryngeal Anatomy

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Last updated: December 19, 2024

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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Adductors	Answer
Interarytenoid muscles that bring arytenoid cartilages together, providing medial compression for the vocal folds	transverse cricoarytenoid
Primary adductor of the vocal folds	lateral cricoarytenoid
Abductor
Only muscle of the larynx that abducts the vocal folds	posterior cricoarytenoid
Tensors
Medial muscle of the vocal folds; tensor	thyrovocalis
Depresses thyroid relative to cricoid; tenses vocal folds	cricothyroid
Relaxers
Relaxes vocal folds	thyromuscularis
Auxiliary
Constricts laryngeal opening; protects airway during swallowing by deflecting the epiglottic cartilage over the laryngeal aditus	aryepiglotticus
Tense vocal folds by shortening them, causing them to vibrate more slowly & lower pitch	thyroarytenoid

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Paired
Pyramidal-shaped cartilages which form part of the larynx; site of attachment of the vocal cords.	arytenoids
Small cone-shaped cartilages on the upper surface of the arytenoids	corniculates
Cartilages within the aryepiglottic folds that provide structure/rigidity	cuneiforms
Unpaired
Leaflike cartilage that covers opening of larynx during swallowing	epiglottis
Cartilage at the front of the larynx; supports & protects VFs (Adam's apple)	thyroid
Ring-shaped cartilage; inferior-most cartilage of the larynx	cricoid

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