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CAM202 Histo Revision
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Last updated: October 29, 2024
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| First submitted | October 29, 2024 |
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1. The junction between the endocervix and ectocervix is a potential site for:
Cancer cell formation
Metaplasia
Antibody secretion
Tumour development
2. What type of cells in the stomach release gastrin into the blood?
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Goblet cells
3. After ovulation, the remaining follicle cells form the:
Cumulus Oophorus
Zona Pellucida
Corpus Albicans
Corpus Luteum
4. The basal layer of the endometrium:
Contains spiral arteries
Regenerates the functional layer after menstruation
Is shed during menstruation
Responds directly to progesterone
5. The prostate gland is characterized by:
Simple squamous epithelium throughout
Tubuloalveolar glands with simple columnar epithelium
Lack of glandular epithelium
Tubular glands with stratified squamous epithelium
6. The portal triad in the liver contains all of the following EXCEPT:
Bile duct
Hepatic vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
7. Which nephron type has a long Loop of Henle and helps maintain osmolarity?
Medullary nephron
Vascular nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron
Cortical nephron
8. Which tissue surrounds each erectile body of the penis?
Corpus cavernosum
Corpus spongiosum
Prostatic capsule
Tunica albuginea
9. Which of the following controls water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
ADH
Renin
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
10. The gallbladder's inner mucosa is lined by:
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
11. Chief cells are primarily responsible for the secretion of:
Gastrin
Mucus
Pepsinogen and gastric lipase
Hydrochloric acid
12. The testes are divided into 200-300 lobules by:
Tunica vaginalis
Rete testis
Seminiferous tubules
Tunica albuginea
13. The pampiniform plexus helps regulate the temperature of the testes by:
Insulating the testes from body heat
Cooling arterial blood via counter-current heat exchange
Wrinkling the scrotum
Triggering contraction of the cremaster muscle
14. The gallbladder lacks which of the following structures?
Lamina propria
Adventitia
Crypts of Lieberkühn
Smooth muscle
15. What type of papillae on the tongue contain Von Ebner’s glands?
Foliate
Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
16. The hilum of the kidney contains:
Renal pyramids
Renal cortex and medulla
Nephrons
Renal artery, vein, and ureter
17. Which arteries supply blood to the lacunae in erectile tissue during an erection?
Radial arteries
Coronary arteries
Arcuate arteries
Helicine arteries
18. The myometrium of the uterus consists of:
Smooth muscle in three layers
Glandular epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Dense connective tissue
19. What type of muscle is found in the lower one-third of the esophagus?
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
A mix of skeletal and smooth muscle
20. The structure that forms between the zona granulosa and the oocyte is the:
Theca Interna
Zona Pellucida
Cumulus Oophorus
Tunica Albuginea
21. The part of the ovarian structure where blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves are located is:
Medulla
Germinal epithelium
Cortex
Zona Pellucida
22. During the secretory phase, the endometrial glands appear:
Straight and narrow
Highly vascularized and thickened
Dilated and corkscrew-shaped
Flattened and inactive
23. In the pancreas, which cells secrete somatostatin?
PP cells
Delta cells
Beta cells
Alpha cells
24. Which of the following follicles is gonadotropin-independent?
Pre-ovulatory follicle
Antral follicle
Primordial follicle
Graafian follicle
25. Which hormone inhibits FSH secretion as part of negative feedback in males?
Testosterone
Activin
Inhibin
LH
26. Which structure surrounds the oocyte in a pre-ovulatory Graafian follicle?
Corona Radiata
Zona Pellucida
Theca Externa
Granulosa layer
27. Which gland produces most of the seminal fluid?
Bulbourethral gland
Testes
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle
28. The muscularis externa layer of the vagina consists of:
Only circular muscle
Inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle
Three layers of smooth muscle
Only longitudinal muscle
29. Which zone of the liver acinus is most impacted by hypoxia?
Equal impact on all zones
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 1
30. Which enzyme in saliva is responsible for the digestion of starch?
Amylase
Pepsin
Lingual lipase
Trypsin
31. The podocytes are located in the:
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
32. Which of the following is secreted by intercalated ducts in salivary glands?
Amylase
Lingual lipase
Mucin
Bicarbonate
33. What is the function of Brunner’s glands in the duodenum?
Neutralize gastric pH with mucous secretion
Produce acid to aid digestion
Secrete enzymes for digestion
Absorb nutrients
34. Which part of the nephron is responsible for the bulk of nutrient and water reabsorption?
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
35. Which muscle in the scrotum causes wrinkling of the skin to conserve heat?
Pampiniform plexus
Cremaster muscle
Dartos muscle
Myoid muscle
36. The nephron includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Medullary ray
Collecting duct
37. Which salivary gland has only serous acini?
Minor salivary glands
Submandibular gland
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
38. The pyloric region of the stomach is characterized by:
Lack of lamina propria
Many shallow gastric pits
Deep gastric pits and numerous mucous-secreting glands
Presence of chief cells only
39. What is the capsule surrounding the liver called?
Glisson's Capsule
Tenon's Capsule
Bowman's Capsule
Capsule of Morgagni
40. In the cervix, the ectocervix is lined with:
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Cuboidal epithelium
Transitional epithelium
41. The glands of Littre in males and Skene's glands in females are responsible for:
Urine production
Hormone secretion
Electrolyte balance
Mucous secretion
42. Where is the Space of Disse located?
Between cuboidal hepatocytes and endothelium
In the pancreatic acini
Between liver cords and sinusoids
Within the bile duct
43. The penile urethra contains which glands for lubrication?
Seminal vesicles
Prostate glands
Paraurethral glands
Bulbourethral glands
44. Peritubular myoid cells are found:
In the interstitial space
Inside the seminiferous tubules
In the wall of seminiferous tubules
In the epididymis
45. Enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine secrete hormones such as:
Mucin and bile
Pepsin and HCl
Insulin and glucagon
Secretin, CCK, and GIP
46. The ductus deferens is unique because it:
Lacks an epithelial lining
Contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Has only one layer of smooth muscle
Is part of the urethra
47. The phase in which oocytes arrest after becoming secondary oocytes is:
Metaphase II
Prophase II
Metaphase I
Prophase I
48. Which of the following phases of the uterine cycle is triggered by a decrease in hormone levels?
Follicular phase
Proliferative phase
Menstrual phase
Secretory phase
49. The renal medulla is primarily composed of:
Renal pyramids
Glomeruli
Medullary rays
Cortical labyrinths
50. The spermatogenic cycle, from spermatogonia to mature sperm release, takes approximately:
74 days
12 days
24 days
100 days
51. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing all of the following EXCEPT:
Catecholamines
Gonadocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
52. Which cells produce testosterone in the developing testes?
Gonocytes
Spermatogonia
Leydig cells
Sertoli cells
53. The ampulla of the ductus deferens joins the seminal vesicle to form:
Ejaculatory duct
Epididymal duct
Rete testis
Prostatic urethra
54. Sinusoids in the liver are lined by which type of cells?
Stratified squamous cells
Simple squamous cells
Simple cuboidal cells
Pseudostratified columnar cells
55. In the endocrine pancreas, which cells secrete insulin?
Beta cells
Delta cells
PP cells
Alpha cells
56. Which part of the ureter's muscularis externa is only present in the lower third?
Inner longitudinal layer
Inner circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer
Middle circular layer
57. Kupffer cells in the liver are responsible for:
Storing vitamin A
Secreting digestive enzymes
Removing red blood cells
Producing bile
58. Which of the following pancreatic cells secrete bicarbonate in response to secretin?
Acinar cells
Kupffer cells
Hepatocytes
Duct cells
59. The muscularis layer of the fallopian tube consists of:
Smooth muscle only
Fibrous connective tissue
Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
Inner longitudinal and outer circular layers
60. Enterocytes, the intestinal absorptive cells, have a lifespan of:
2-3 days
10-12 days
7-8 days
5-6 days
61. The rete testis is primarily responsible for:
Reabsorption of testicular fluid
Providing a blood-testis barrier
Production of spermatozoa
Movement of sperm through ciliary action
62. The main function of the adrenal medulla is to secrete:
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Catecholamines
Gonadocorticoids
63. The connection between the corona radiata and the zona granulosa is known as the:
Cumulus Oophorus
Zona Pellucida
Corpus Luteum
Theca Interna
64. The plicae circulares are folds found in which part of the gastrointestinal tract?
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Oesophagus
65. What type of cells are liver cords made of?
Cuboidal cells
Squamous cells
Transitional cells
Columnar cells
66. Which cells in the small intestine have a lifespan of 2-4 days?
Goblet cells
Paneth cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Enterocytes
67. Which type of epithelium lines the straight tubules?
Transitional
Simple cuboidal
Pseudostratified columnar
Simple squamous
68. Colostrum is characterised by:
High carbohydrate content
High protein and antibodies
High fat content
High lactose content
69. Nabothian follicles in the cervix are associated with:
Blood supply to the endocervix
Smooth muscle contraction
Mucus secretion
Hormone secretion
70. Which cells in the corpus luteum differentiate into luteal cells?
Only granulosa cells
Theca and granulosa cells
Stroma cells
Only theca cells
71. Cheilitis refers to:
Loss of taste
Dryness of the mouth
Inflamed (chapped) lips
Infection of the salivary glands
72. The exocrine portion of the pancreas includes:
Goblet cells
Beta cells
Islets of Langerhans
Centriacinar cells
73. Peyer’s patches, found in the ileum, are a type of:
Nerve tissue
Connective tissue
Lymphatic tissue
Muscle tissue
74. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes:
Corpus Albicans
Corpus Spongiosum
Graafian Follicle
Primordial Follicle
75. Which hormone stimulates bile production in the liver?
Insulin
CCK
Vagus (PSNS)
Secretin
76. Which of the following is part of the spermatic cord?
Epididymis
Tunica albuginea
Seminiferous tubules
Ductus deferens
77. Which hormone is essential for maintaining the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?
Progesterone
hCG
Oestrogen
LH
78. Which process moves semen into the prostatic urethra during ejaculation?
Spermiation
Emission phase
Expulsion phase
Erection phase
79. Which cells in the uterine tube are responsible for moving the oocyte toward the uterus?
Ciliated cells
Muscle cells
Secretory cells
Peg cells
80. Which phase of the uterine cycle involves the thickening of the endometrium?
Menstrual phase
Luteal phase
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
81. Which cells reside within the interstitial space of the testes?
Spermatogenic cells
Sertoli cells
Myoid cells
Leydig cells
82. Which cells in the efferent ductules help move sperm along?
Basal cells
Nurse cells
Principal cells
Ciliated columnar cells
83. What is the primary function of lingual lipase in saliva?
Digestion of fats
Neutralization of pH
Lubrication of the mouth
Digestion of carbohydrates
84. Which cells in the collecting duct help with acid-base balance?
Dark cells
Principal cells
Interstitial cells
Chromaffin cells
85. Which cranial nerves are involved in taste sensation on the tongue?
CNV and CNXII
CNV and CNVII
CNVII and CNIX
CNIX and CNX
86. The gonadotropin cycle is regulated by which part of the brain?
Cerebral cortex
Pituitary gland
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
87. What type of connective tissue forms the adventitia of the gallbladder?
Loose/irregular
Elastic
Dense regular
Reticular
88. Microvilli increase the surface area by approximately:
600 times
100 times
50 times
400 times
89. What type of cells are abundant in the large intestine to aid in lubrication?
Goblet cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Paneth cells
90. In breasts during pregnancy, oestrogen primarily stimulates the development of the:
Lactiferous sinuses
Secretory units
Lymphatic system
Duct system
91. Paneth cells in the small intestine are known for:
Absorbing water
Secreting mucous
Secreting antibacterial enzymes and containing lysosomes
Releasing acid to aid in digestion
92. In the Loop of Henle, water is passively reabsorbed in the:
Thick descending limb
Thin descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Thick ascending limb
93. Which component of the sperm contains mitochondria for energy?
Middle piece
Head
Neck
Acrosome
94. The vagina lacks which of the following?
Glands
Circular and longitudinal muscle layers
Elastic connective tissue
Adventitia
95. The functional layer of the endometrium:
Is shed during menstruation
Contains permanent blood vessels
Is the site of implantation
Remains stable throughout the menstrual cycle
96. Which region of the stomach has few glands and is primarily mucous-secreting?
Cardiac region
Pyloric region
Fundus
Body of the stomach
97. Which type of cell in the stomach is responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor?
Chief cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Parietal cells
Mucous neck cells
98. What type of epithelial tissue lines the interlobular ducts of salivary glands?
Tall columnar
Simple cuboidal
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
99. In hepatic lobules, liver cells are arranged in columns radiating from:
Portal vein
Lymph channel
Hepatic artery
Central vein
100. Which of the following is the functional division of the renal cortex?
Renal column
Medullary ray
Renal pyramid
Cortical lobule
101. During folliculogenesis, which hormone converts primordial follicles to primary follicles?
Oestrogen
FSH
Progesterone
LH
102. Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone?
Inhibin
LH
FSH
Prolactin
103. What type of epithelium lines the stomach?
Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified Columnar
Simple Squamous
Stratified Squamous
104. Principal cells in the epididymis have which function?
Absorb excess fluid and phagocytose old sperm
Provide structural support
Secrete testosterone
Form the blood-testis barrier
105. The blood-testis barrier separates which two compartments?
Straight and coiled tubules
Head and tail of sperm
Basal and adluminal compartments
Seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells
106. During oogenesis, primordial germ cells differentiate into oogonia in the absence of which gene?
SRY gene
LH gene
ZP gene
FSH gene
107. Androgen-binding protein (ABP), which maintains high levels of testosterone in the testes, is secreted by:
Spermatogonia
Interstitial cells
Nurse cells (Sertoli cells)
Leydig cells
108. In the ovarian cycle, the follicular phase is primarily regulated by:
Progesterone
Oestrogen
LH
FSH
109. What is the primary function of mucins in saliva?
Neutralizing pH
Fat digestion
Starch digestion
Lubrication
110. The cells of the theca interna are characterized by:
Production of FSH
Spindle shape and anchoring function
Connection to the oocyte
LH receptors and hormone precursors
111. The macula densa is located at the junction between:
Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
Thick ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle and collecting duct
Proximal convoluted tubule and loop of Henle
112. Bulbourethral glands secrete:
Alkaline mucus
Prostaglandins
Fructose
Acidic fluid
113. Pancreatic duct cells are controlled by which hormone?
CCK
Insulin
Secretin
Glucagon
114. Which of the following layers is directly beneath the germinal epithelium of the ovary?
Theca Interna
Tunica Albuginea
Cortex
Stroma
115. The part of the uterine tube where fertilization most commonly occurs is the:
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Intramural portion
Isthmus
116. Which hormone is responsible for the regression of the Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts?
FSH
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)
LH
Testosterone
117. Which of the following can calcify with age in the prostate gland?
Spermatogenic cells
Basal cells
Prostatic concretions
Prostatic ducts
118. In spermiogenesis, the process by which nurse cells release spermatozoa into the lumen is known as:
Spermatogenesis
Spermatocytogenesis
Meiosis
Spermiation
119. Seromucous serous demilunes are a feature of which salivary gland?
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Lacrimal gland
Submandibular gland
120. Spermiogenesis includes the following transformation:
Spermatogonia to spermatocytes
Leydig cells to sperm
Spermatocytes to spermatids
Spermatids to mature spermatozoa
121. Which hormone causes the gallbladder to contract?
Secretin
Somatostatin
Insulin
CCK
122. During the erection phase, vasodilation of the deep arteries is initiated by:
Spinal reflex
Parasympathetic nervous system
Hormonal signals only
Sympathetic nervous system
123. Which of the following is stored by stellate cells in the liver?
Glucagon
Insulin
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
124. Crypts of Lieberkühn are located:
In the large intestine only
Only in the stomach
Between villi in the small intestine
In the Oesophagus
125. The male urethra segment passing through the urogenital diaphragm is the:
Preprostatic urethra
Penile urethra
Membranous urethra
Prostatic urethra
126. In the small intestine, glycocalyx is found:
Only in goblet cells
On microvilli of enterocytes
Inside crypts of Lieberkühn
On the surface of villi
127. At 6 weeks of development, which cells in males will differentiate into spermatogonia under the influence of the SRY gene?
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
Nurse cells
Gonocytes
128. The surge of which hormone triggers ovulation?
Progesterone
Oestrogen
FSH
LH
129. The primary role of Sertoli (nurse) cells in spermatogenesis is:
Producing the acrosome
Providing nourishment and support to spermatogenic cells
Forming the tail of sperm
Secretion of testosterone
130. During mid-proliferation, the endometrium is characterized by:
Ciliated epithelium
Secretory cells
Menses
Increased glandular activity and thickening
131. The ejaculatory ducts empty into which part of the urethra?
Pre-prostatic urethra
Penile urethra
Membranous urethra
Prostatic urethra
132. Which type of epithelium is found on the external surface of the lips?
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
133. At puberty, approximately how many oocytes remain in the ovaries?
2 million
400
400,000
6 million
134. Which hormone primarily controls the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?
LH
Oestrogen
hCG
Progesterone
135. Which layer of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier contains filtration slits?
Glomerular basement membrane
Podocytes
Mesangial cells
Fenestrated capillary endothelium
136. Which part of the gastrointestinal tract contains taenia coli?
Large intestine
Stomach
Oesophagus
Small intestine
137. The abrupt change at the cardio-oesophageal junction is from which type of epithelium to another?
Stratified Squamous to Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal to Simple Columnar
Simple Columnar to Stratified Squamous
Stratified Squamous to Simple Columnar
138. Which structure is responsible for producing enamel during tooth development?
Cementoblasts
Odontoblasts
Fibroblasts
Ameloblasts
139. Which component of seminal fluid provides energy for sperm?
Fibrinogen
Citric acid
Prostaglandins
Fructose
140. The epithelium of the bladder is:
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar
Transitional
Simple squamous
141. Which structure is not visible in pre-pubertal seminiferous tubules?
Leydig cells
Spermatogonia
Lumen
Nurse cells
142. The corpus luteum primarily secretes:
LH
Progesterone
Oestrogen
FSH
143. Which of the following papillae does NOT contain taste buds?
Circumvallate papillae
Foliate papillae
Fungiform papillae
Filiform papillae
144. Which cells in the adrenal medulla secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Chromaffin cells
Fascicular cells
Reticular cells
Glomerular cells
145. What is the function of zymogen granules in pancreatic acini?
Produce bile
Store digestive enzymes
Store vitamin A
Secrete bicarbonate
146. Semen is composed of:
Spermatogonia, nurse cells, and seminiferous fluid
Spermatozoa, seminal fluid, desquamated cells, and debris
Spermatozoa, seminal fluid, and prostatic concretions
Testicular fluid, desquamated cells, and blood cells
147. Which region of the adrenal gland secretes mineralocorticoids?
Medulla
Zona Reticularis
Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
148. The antrum in an antral follicle is filled with:
Mucus and enzymes
Plasma and enzymes
Plasma, oestrogen, and progesterone
FSH and LH
149. Which cells in the testes are directly responsible for phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm during sperm maturation?
Spermatogonia
Leydig cells
Myoid cells
Nurse cells (Sertoli cells)
150. Mammary glands are modified:
Salivary glands
Sebaceous glands
Endocrine glands
Sweat glands
151. How long does it take for sperm to pass through the ductus epididymis?
1 week
24 days
2-3 days
12 days
152. The secretion of milk from mammary glands is triggered by:
Progesterone and oestrogen
LH
Prolactin and oxytocin
FSH
153. Which taste buds are primarily responsible for detecting sour tastes?
Foliate papillae
Circumvallate papillae
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
154. The shortest segment of the male urethra is:
Pre-prostatic
Membranous
Penile
Prostatic
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