| Answer | % Correct |
|---|---|
| Along with his own Country, {Germany}, only unified in 1871, he | 88%
|
| At the dawn of the 20th century Europe found itself in a precarious situation. Six Great Powers and their alliances dominated the continent, in a fragile state of balance, called "the Concert of Europe", to avoid any single Country gaining too much power for itself. This delicate scenario (as it was at the end of the 19th century) was the masterwork of Chancellor {Otto von Bismarck}, who played other Powers against each other to his own benefit. | 81%
|
| managed to secure an alliance with two other Great Powers, {Italy} | 81%
|
| The remaining Power was the {United Kingdom}, a tired titan, standing on a throne that increasingly felt uncomfortable: it owned the greatest Empire the world had ever known but chose "splendid isolation" over mainstream European affairs, only swearing to uphold the balance of power in the continent, for example by defending the independence | 77%
|
| of smaller Countries, like {Belgium}, against the hunger of bigger rivals. These Great Powers carved the world into colonies, protectorates and Dominions, armed themselves with the most advanced military technology (such as planes, machine guns and Dreadnoughts) and looked at each other with suspicion, knowing that each crisis, each slip meant one step closer to the possibility of a Great War, tilting the balance irreparably. | 73%
|
| {Russia}, which featured the highest population in Europe, impressive year-by-year economic growth and limitless resources, but also an | 73%
|
| an ultimatum to {Serbia}, which was believed to be the real mastermind of the plot, followed by a direct invasion of the small Kingdom. Rapidly, this | 69%
|
| {France} to enter the war, followed by, over the course of less than a year, all other Great Powers. The world was irreparably changed... | 69%
|
| Yet, the tipping point would come from the Balkan Peninsula, the powder-keg of Europe. The {Ottoman Empire}, sometimes referred as the "sick man" of | 69%
|
| {Austria-Hungary}, a declining Empire which faced rising tensions | 69%
|
| escalated into the July crisis, which forced {Russia} and their western ally | 69%
|
| Meanwhile, these newly independent countries, such as {Bulgaria} or | 69%
|
| {Albania} were politically unstable and influence upon them was bitterly contested between the other Great Powers: another big incident in the region would have been enough to spark a chain reaction that would have plunged Europe into a bloody Great War. | 65%
|
| Sure enough, on the 28th of June 1914, a Bosnian nationalist assassinated in Sarajevo Archduke Franz Ferdinand, leading {Austria-Hungary} to launch | 65%
|
| The other main European Alliance was the so-called "Dual Entente" between {France}, one of the very few republics on the continent, | 65%
|
| authoritarian and corrupt government under tsar {Nicholas II}. | 65%
|
| And the crises came. For example, in the Sultanate of {Morocco}, where French and German ambitions clashed for a protectorate over the Arab monarchy, during the Fashoda incident, which nearly saw the breakout | 62%
|
| humiliating defeat of {Russia} in their 1905 war against Japan, which almost saw the rise of a socialist revolution in the Empire. | 58%
|
| the continent, had lost most of its European territory during the {Balkan Wars} (1912-1913) and was on the verge of collapse. | 54%
|
| of a war between {France} and their rivals over the Channel, or with the | 54%
|
| due to the various nationalities inside their borders which demanded independence, seemingly only held together by the austere figure of their aging Emperor, {Franz Joseph}. | 50%
|
| rancourous after its defeat during the {Franco-Prussian War}, and | 50%
|
| which fought at Prussia's side in the {Bruderkrieg} of 1866, and | 27%
|