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Hint
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Lifespan
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Origin
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Answer
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|
"If a triangle is inscribed in a circle and one of its sides is the diameter of the circle, then the angle opposite that side is a right angle."
|
624 BCE – 546 BCE
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Greek
|
Thales
|
"In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides." |
570 BCE – 495 BCE
|
Greek
|
Pythagoras
|
|
One of the earliest hypotheses about atoms.
|
460 BCE – 370 BCE
|
Greek
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Democritus
|
|
Developed theory of four elements which dominated until other discoveries made by other great scientists.
|
384 BCE – 322 BCE
|
Greek
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Aristotle
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|
The "father of geometry".
|
300 BCE
|
Greek
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Euclid
|
|
"An object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces."
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287 BCE – 212 BCE
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Greek
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Archimedes
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|
Calculated Earth's diameter using stick and the Sun.
|
276 BCE – 194 BCE
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Greek
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Eratosthenes
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|
Known for his work on conic sections.
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c. 262 BCE – c. 190 BCE
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Greek
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Apollonius
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|
For a triangle with side lengths a, b, and c, and semi-perimeter s (which is half of the perimeter), the area can be found by taking the square root of s multiplied by (s minus a), (s minus b), and (s minus c).
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c. 10 CE – c. 70 CE
|
Greek
|
Heron
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|
"If a line intersects the sides of a triangle (or their extensions), the product of the ratios of the segments it divides each side into is equal to -1."
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70 CE – c. 140 CE
|
Greek
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Menelaus
|
|
"In a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle), the product of the lengths of the diagonals is equal to the sum of the products of the lengths of the opposite sides."
|
c. 100 CE – c. 170 CE
|
Greek
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Claudius Ptolemy
|
|
The "father of algebra".
|
c. 201 CE – c. 285 CE
|
Greek
|
Diophantus
|
|
Introduced systematic equations of quadratic equations.
|
c. 780 CE – c. 850 CE
|
Persian
|
al-Khwarizmi
|
|
The "father of modern optics".
|
965 – 1040
|
Arabic
|
Ibn al-Haytham
|
|
The "father of modern geodesy".
|
973 – 1048
|
Persian
|
Al-Biruni
|
|
Introduced the sequence of in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.
|
c. 1170 – c. 1250
|
Italian
|
Fibonacci
|
|
Formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system.
|
1473 – 1543
|
Polish
|
Nicolaus Copernicus
|
|
Discovered the solution for the cubic equation.
|
1500 – 1557
|
Italian
|
Nicolo Tartaglia
|
|
Published the solution for the cubic equation.
|
1501 – 1576
|
Italian
|
Gerolamo Cardano
|
|
The father of "modern science" and scientific method.
|
1564 – 1642
|
Italian
|
Galileo Galilei
|
|
Discovered laws of planetary motion.
|
1571 – 1630
|
German
|
Johannes Kepler
|
|
Developed a coordinate system that laid the foundation for analytical geometry.
|
1596 – 1650
|
French
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
"There are no three positive integers that can satisfy the equation x^n+y^n=z^n when n is greater than 2."
|
1601 – 1665
|
French
|
Pierre de Fermat
|
|
One of the founders of probability theory.
|
1623 – 1662
|
French
|
Blaise Pascal
|
|
Discovered the law describing the relationship between pressure and volume of confined gas.
|
1627 – 1691
|
Irish
|
Robert Boyle
|
|
Invented modern microscope.
|
1635 – 1703
|
English
|
Robert Hooke
|
|
Was first to discover laws of motion and gravity.
|
1643 – 1727
|
English
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
Developed present day notation for the differential and integral calculus.
|
1646 – 1716
|
German
|
Gottfried Leibniz
|
|
Discovered a general method to determine evolutes of a curve as the envelope of its circles of curvature.
|
1654 – 1705
|
Swiss
|
Jacob Bernoulli
|
|
Summed series, and discovered addition theorems for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions using the differential equations they satisfy.
|
1667 – 1748
|
Swiss
|
Johann Bernoulli
|
|
Formulated series that express functions as infinite sums of their derivatives.
|
1685 – 1731
|
English
|
Brook Taylor
|
|
Proved the equality of mixed second-order partial derivatives.
|
1687 – 1759
|
Swiss
|
Nicolaus Bernoulli
|
|
Сontributed to the study of elliptic integrals, reducing many intractable integrals to problems of finding arcs for hyperbolas.
|
1698 – 1746
|
Scottish
|
Colin Maclaurin
|
|
"An increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum."
|
1700 – 1782
|
Swiss
|
Daniel Bernoulli
|
|
Established a mathematical basis for probability inferenceю
|
1702 – 1761
|
British
|
Thomas Bayes
|
|
Known for his experiments with electricity.
|
1706 – 1790
|
American
|
Benjamin Franklin
|
|
One of the most important constants is named after him.
|
1707 – 1783
|
Swiss
|
Leonhard Euler
|
|
The "father of Russian science".
|
1711 – 1765
|
Russian
|
Mikhail Lomonosov
|
|
Measured Earth's density.
|
1731 – 1810
|
British
|
Henry Cavendish
|
|
Found special-case solution for the three body problem.
|
1736 – 1813
|
Italian / French
|
Joseph-Louis Lagrange
|
|
Invented battery.
|
1745 – 1827
|
Italian
|
Alessandro Volta
|
|
"An all-knowing intellect which, if it knows the precise location and momentum of every atom in the universe at a given time, could predict the future and retrodict the past with absolute certainty."
|
1749 – 1827
|
French
|
Pierre-Simon Laplace
|
|
Provided basic analytical tools for mathematical physics.
|
1752 – 1833
|
French
|
Adrien-Marie Legendre
|
|
Introduced atomic theory into chemistry.
|
1766 – 1844
|
British
|
John Dalton
|
|
"A periodic signal is composed of a superposition of pure sine waves, with suitably chosen amplitudes and phases, whose frequencies are harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the signal."
|
1768 – 1830
|
French
|
Joseph Fourier
|
|
The "father of electrodynamics".
|
1775 – 1836
|
French
|
Andre-Marie Ampere
|
|
The "Prince of Mathematicians".
|
1777 – 1855
|
German
|
Carl Friedrich Gauss
|
|
Known for his work in probability theory.
|
1781 – 1840
|
French
|
Siméon Denis Poisson
|
|
The electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
|
1789 – 1854
|
German
|
Georg Ohm
|
|
Formalized and proved key theorems of calculus.
|
1789 – 1857
|
French
|
Augustin-Louis Cauchy
|
|
Greatest experimental physicist.
|
1791 – 1867
|
English
|
Michael Faraday
|
|
Independently developed non-Euclidean geometry.
|
1792 – 1856
|
Russian
|
Nikolai Lobachevsky
|
|
Known for his pioneering work in the theory of elliptic functions and for proving the insolvability of the general quintic equation by radicals.
|
1802 – 1829
|
Norwegian
|
Niels Henrik Abel
|
|
One of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry.
|
1802 – 1860
|
Hungarian
|
János Bolyai
|
|
Devised an electromagnetic telegraph.
|
1804 – 1891
|
German
|
Wilhelm Eduard Weber
|
|
“If more than n rabbits must be put into n hutches, then at least in one hutch there will be more than one (so, at least 2) rabbits.”
|
1805 – 1859
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German
|
Dirichlet
|
|
Invented quaternions.
|
1805 – 1865
|
Irish
|
William Rowan Hamilton
|
|
Founded abstract algebra and group theory.
|
1811 – 1832
|
French
|
Evariste Galois
|
|
True / False.
|
1815 – 1864
|
English
|
George Boole
|
|
The "father of modern analysis".
|
1815 – 1897
|
German
|
Karl Weierstrass
|
|
Established that the various types of energy are the same.
|
1818 – 1889
|
English
|
James Joule
|
|
Proved that the Earth rotates on its axis.
|
1819 – 1868
|
French
|
Léon Foucault
|
|
Invented international system of absolute temperature.
|
1824 – 1907
|
British (Scottish)
|
(William Thomson) Lord Kelvin
|
|
Put forward a hypothesis on zeta function that stays unproved till these days.
|
1826 – 1866
|
German
|
Bernhard Riemann
|
|
The founder of electromagnetic theory.
|
1831 – 1879
|
Scottish
|
James Maxwell
|
|
One of the founders of statistical mechanics.
|
1844 – 1906
|
Austrian
|
Ludwig Boltzmann
|
|
One of the founders of set theory.
|
1845 – 1918
|
German
|
Georg Cantor
|
|
Discovered X-rays.
|
1845 – 1923
|
German
|
Wilhelm Röntgen
|
|
Clarified connections between electricity, light and magnetism.
|
1853 – 1928
|
Dutch
|
Hendrik Lorentz
|
|
"Every three-dimensional topological manifold which is closed, connected, and has trivial fundamental group is homeomorphic to the three-dimensional sphere."
|
1854 – 1912
|
French
|
Henri Poincare
|
|
Contributed to development of AC electrical systems.
|
1856 – 1943
|
Serbian / American
|
Nikola Tesla
|
|
Proved the existence of electromagnetic waves.
|
1857 – 1894
|
German
|
Heinrich Hertz
|
|
Creator of quantum theory.
|
1858 – 1947
|
German
|
Max Planck
|
|
"Pioneered research on radioactivity alongside his wife."
|
1859 – 1906
|
French
|
Pierre Curie
|
|
23 unsolved problems.
|
1862 – 1943
|
German
|
David Hilbert
|
|
First to win two Nobel Prizes.
|
1867 – 1934
|
Polish / French
|
Marie Curie
|
|
The "father of nuclear physics".
|
1871 – 1937
|
New Zealand
|
Ernest Rutherford
|
|
Co-author of Principia Mathematica.
|
1872 – 1970
|
British
|
Bertrand Russell
|
|
"Energy equals mass multiplied by the speed of light squared."
|
1879 – 1955
|
German / American
|
Albert Einstein
|
|
"For any continuous function f mapping a nonempty compact convex set to itself, there is a point x such that f(x)=x."
|
1881 – 1966
|
Dutch
|
L.E.J. Brouwer
|
|
Proposed a model of atom.
|
1885 – 1962
|
Danish
|
Niels Bohr
|
|
The Man Who Knew Infinity.
|
1887 – 1920
|
Indian
|
Srinivasa Ramanujan
|
|
Made a thought experiment involving a cat.
|
1887 – 1961
|
Austrian
|
Erwin Schrödinger
|
|
Found galaxies other than Milky Way.
|
1889 – 1953
|
American
|
Edwin Hubble
|
|
|
1894 – 1974
|
Indian
|
Satyendra Nath Bose
|
|
The first to split the atom.
|
1901 – 1954
|
Italian / American
|
Enrico Fermi
|
|
"It is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and exact momentum of a particle. The more precisely one of these properties is known, the less precisely the other can be known."
|
1901 – 1976
|
German
|
Werner Heisenberg
|
|
Formulated a fully relativistic quantum theory.
|
1902 – 1984
|
British
|
Paul Dirac
|
|
Outlined the design for modern electronic computers.
|
1903 – 1957
|
Hungarian / American
|
John von Neumann
|
|
The "father of atomic bomb".
|
1904 – 1967
|
American
|
J. Robert Oppenheimer
|
|
"In any consistent formal system that is capable of expressing basic arithmetic, there are true statements that cannot be proven within the system."
|
1906 – 1978
|
Austrian / American
|
Kurt Gödel
|
|
The "father of hydrogen bomb".
|
1908 – 2003
|
Hungarian / American
|
Edward Teller
|
|
Provided the concept that describes fundamental model of computations.
|
1912 – 1954
|
British
|
Alan Turing
|
|
Graphically represented interaction of light and matter.
|
1918 – 1988
|
American
|
Richard Feynman
|
|
Discovered particle that gives mass to other fundamental particles.
|
1929 – 2024
|
British
|
Peter Higgs
|
|
Graphically described black holes through relativity theory.
|
Born 1931
|
British
|
Roger Penrose
|
|
Discovered that black holes emit radiation.
|
1942 – 2018
|
British
|
Stephen Hawking
|
|
Solved one of the Millennium Prize problems.
|
Born 1966
|
Russian
|
Grigori Perelman
|
