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Hint
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Lifespan
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Origin
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Answer
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"If a triangle is inscribed in a circle and one of its sides is the diameter of the circle, then the angle opposite that side is a right angle."
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624 BCE – 546 BCE
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Greek
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Thales
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"In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides." |
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570 BCE – 495 BCE
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Greek
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Pythagoras
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One of the earliest hypotheses about atoms.
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460 BCE – 370 BCE
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Greek
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Democritus
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Developed theory of four elements which dominated until other discoveries made by other great scientists.
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384 BCE – 322 BCE
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Greek
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Aristotle
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The "father of geometry".
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300 BCE
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Greek
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Euclid
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"An object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces."
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287 BCE – 212 BCE
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Greek
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Archimedes
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Calculated Earth's diameter using stick and the Sun.
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276 BCE – 194 BCE
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Greek
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Eratosthenes
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Known for his work on conic sections.
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c. 262 BCE – c. 190 BCE
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Greek
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Apollonius
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For a triangle with side lengths a, b, and c, and semi-perimeter s (which is half of the perimeter), the area can be found by taking the square root of s multiplied by (s minus a), (s minus b), and (s minus c).
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c. 10 CE – c. 70 CE
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Greek
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Heron
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"If a line intersects the sides of a triangle (or their extensions), the product of the ratios of the segments it divides each side into is equal to -1."
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70 CE – c. 140 CE
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Greek
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Menelaus
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"In a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle), the product of the lengths of the diagonals is equal to the sum of the products of the lengths of the opposite sides."
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c. 100 CE – c. 170 CE
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Greek
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Claudius Ptolemy
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The "father of algebra".
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c. 201 CE – c. 285 CE
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Greek
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Diophantus
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Introduced systematic equations of quadratic equations.
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c. 780 CE – c. 850 CE
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Persian
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al-Khwarizmi
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The "father of modern optics".
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965 – 1040
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Arabic
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Ibn al-Haytham
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The "father of modern geodesy".
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973 – 1048
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Persian
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Al-Biruni
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Introduced the sequence of in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.
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c. 1170 – c. 1250
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Italian
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Fibonacci
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Formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system.
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1473 – 1543
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Polish
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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Discovered the solution for the cubic equation.
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1500 – 1557
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Italian
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Nicolo Tartaglia
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Published the solution for the cubic equation.
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1501 – 1576
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Italian
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Gerolamo Cardano
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The father of "modern science" and scientific method.
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1564 – 1642
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Italian
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Galileo Galilei
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Discovered laws of planetary motion.
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1571 – 1630
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German
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Johannes Kepler
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Developed a coordinate system that laid the foundation for analytical geometry.
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1596 – 1650
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French
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Rene Descartes
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"There are no three positive integers that can satisfy the equation x^n+y^n=z^n when n is greater than 2."
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1601 – 1665
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French
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Pierre de Fermat
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One of the founders of probability theory.
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1623 – 1662
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French
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Blaise Pascal
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Discovered the law describing the relationship between pressure and volume of confined gas.
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1627 – 1691
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Irish
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Robert Boyle
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Invented modern microscope.
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1635 – 1703
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English
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Robert Hooke
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Was first to discover laws of motion and gravity.
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1643 – 1727
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English
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Isaac Newton
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Developed present day notation for the differential and integral calculus.
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1646 – 1716
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German
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Gottfried Leibniz
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Discovered a general method to determine evolutes of a curve as the envelope of its circles of curvature.
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1654 – 1705
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Swiss
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Jacob Bernoulli
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Summed series, and discovered addition theorems for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions using the differential equations they satisfy.
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1667 – 1748
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Swiss
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Johann Bernoulli
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Formulated series that express functions as infinite sums of their derivatives.
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1685 – 1731
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English
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Brook Taylor
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Proved the equality of mixed second-order partial derivatives.
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1687 – 1759
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Swiss
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Nicolaus Bernoulli
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Сontributed to the study of elliptic integrals, reducing many intractable integrals to problems of finding arcs for hyperbolas.
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1698 – 1746
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Scottish
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Colin Maclaurin
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"An increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum."
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1700 – 1782
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Swiss
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Daniel Bernoulli
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Established a mathematical basis for probability inferenceю
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1702 – 1761
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British
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Thomas Bayes
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Known for his experiments with electricity.
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1706 – 1790
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American
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Benjamin Franklin
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One of the most important constants is named after him.
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1707 – 1783
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Swiss
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Leonhard Euler
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The "father of Russian science".
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1711 – 1765
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Russian
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Mikhail Lomonosov
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Measured Earth's density.
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1731 – 1810
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British
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Henry Cavendish
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Found special-case solution for the three body problem.
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1736 – 1813
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Italian / French
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Joseph-Louis Lagrange
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Invented battery.
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1745 – 1827
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Italian
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Alessandro Volta
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"An all-knowing intellect which, if it knows the precise location and momentum of every atom in the universe at a given time, could predict the future and retrodict the past with absolute certainty."
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1749 – 1827
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French
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Pierre-Simon Laplace
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Provided basic analytical tools for mathematical physics.
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1752 – 1833
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French
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Adrien-Marie Legendre
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Introduced atomic theory into chemistry.
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1766 – 1844
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British
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John Dalton
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"A periodic signal is composed of a superposition of pure sine waves, with suitably chosen amplitudes and phases, whose frequencies are harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the signal."
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1768 – 1830
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French
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Joseph Fourier
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The "father of electrodynamics".
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1775 – 1836
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French
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Andre-Marie Ampere
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The "Prince of Mathematicians".
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1777 – 1855
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German
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
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Known for his work in probability theory.
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1781 – 1840
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French
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Siméon Denis Poisson
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The electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
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1789 – 1854
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German
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Georg Ohm
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Formalized and proved key theorems of calculus.
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1789 – 1857
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French
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Augustin-Louis Cauchy
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Greatest experimental physicist.
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1791 – 1867
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English
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Michael Faraday
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Independently developed non-Euclidean geometry.
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1792 – 1856
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Russian
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Nikolai Lobachevsky
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Known for his pioneering work in the theory of elliptic functions and for proving the insolvability of the general quintic equation by radicals.
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1802 – 1829
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Norwegian
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Niels Henrik Abel
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One of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry.
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1802 – 1860
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Hungarian
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János Bolyai
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Devised an electromagnetic telegraph.
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1804 – 1891
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German
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Wilhelm Eduard Weber
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“If more than n rabbits must be put into n hutches, then at least in one hutch there will be more than one (so, at least 2) rabbits.”
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1805 – 1859
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German
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Dirichlet
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Invented quaternions.
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1805 – 1865
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Irish
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William Rowan Hamilton
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Founded abstract algebra and group theory.
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1811 – 1832
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French
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Evariste Galois
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True / False.
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1815 – 1864
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English
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George Boole
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The "father of modern analysis".
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1815 – 1897
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German
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Karl Weierstrass
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Established that the various types of energy are the same.
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1818 – 1889
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English
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James Joule
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Proved that the Earth rotates on its axis.
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1819 – 1868
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French
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Léon Foucault
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Invented international system of absolute temperature.
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1824 – 1907
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British (Scottish)
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(William Thomson) Lord Kelvin
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Put forward a hypothesis on zeta function that stays unproved till these days.
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1826 – 1866
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German
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Bernhard Riemann
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The founder of electromagnetic theory.
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1831 – 1879
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Scottish
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James Maxwell
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One of the founders of statistical mechanics.
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1844 – 1906
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Austrian
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Ludwig Boltzmann
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One of the founders of set theory.
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1845 – 1918
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German
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Georg Cantor
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Discovered X-rays.
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1845 – 1923
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German
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Wilhelm Röntgen
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Clarified connections between electricity, light and magnetism.
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1853 – 1928
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Dutch
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Hendrik Lorentz
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"Every three-dimensional topological manifold which is closed, connected, and has trivial fundamental group is homeomorphic to the three-dimensional sphere."
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1854 – 1912
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French
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Henri Poincare
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Contributed to development of AC electrical systems.
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1856 – 1943
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Serbian / American
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Nikola Tesla
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Proved the existence of electromagnetic waves.
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1857 – 1894
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German
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Heinrich Hertz
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Creator of quantum theory.
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1858 – 1947
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German
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Max Planck
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"Pioneered research on radioactivity alongside his wife."
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1859 – 1906
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French
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Pierre Curie
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|
23 unsolved problems.
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1862 – 1943
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German
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David Hilbert
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First to win two Nobel Prizes.
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1867 – 1934
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Polish / French
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Marie Curie
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|
The "father of nuclear physics".
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1871 – 1937
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New Zealand
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Ernest Rutherford
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Co-author of Principia Mathematica.
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1872 – 1970
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British
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Bertrand Russell
|
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"Energy equals mass multiplied by the speed of light squared."
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1879 – 1955
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German / American
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Albert Einstein
|
|
"For any continuous function f mapping a nonempty compact convex set to itself, there is a point x such that f(x)=x."
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1881 – 1966
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Dutch
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L.E.J. Brouwer
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Proposed a model of atom.
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1885 – 1962
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Danish
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Niels Bohr
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The Man Who Knew Infinity.
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1887 – 1920
|
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Indian
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Srinivasa Ramanujan
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Made a thought experiment involving a cat.
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1887 – 1961
|
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Austrian
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Erwin Schrödinger
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Found galaxies other than Milky Way.
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1889 – 1953
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American
|
|
Edwin Hubble
|
|
|
|
1894 – 1974
|
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Indian
|
|
Satyendra Nath Bose
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The first to split the atom.
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1901 – 1954
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Italian / American
|
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Enrico Fermi
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|
"It is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and exact momentum of a particle. The more precisely one of these properties is known, the less precisely the other can be known."
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|
1901 – 1976
|
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German
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Werner Heisenberg
|
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Formulated a fully relativistic quantum theory.
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|
1902 – 1984
|
|
British
|
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Paul Dirac
|
|
Outlined the design for modern electronic computers.
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1903 – 1957
|
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Hungarian / American
|
|
John von Neumann
|
|
The "father of atomic bomb".
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1904 – 1967
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American
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
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|
"In any consistent formal system that is capable of expressing basic arithmetic, there are true statements that cannot be proven within the system."
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|
1906 – 1978
|
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Austrian / American
|
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Kurt Gödel
|
|
The "father of hydrogen bomb".
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1908 – 2003
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Hungarian / American
|
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Edward Teller
|
|
Provided the concept that describes fundamental model of computations.
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1912 – 1954
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British
|
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Alan Turing
|
|
Graphically represented interaction of light and matter.
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|
1918 – 1988
|
|
American
|
|
Richard Feynman
|
|
Discovered particle that gives mass to other fundamental particles.
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|
1929 – 2024
|
|
British
|
|
Peter Higgs
|
|
Graphically described black holes through relativity theory.
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|
Born 1931
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|
British
|
|
Roger Penrose
|
|
Discovered that black holes emit radiation.
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|
1942 – 2018
|
|
British
|
|
Stephen Hawking
|
|
Solved one of the Millennium Prize problems.
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|
Born 1966
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Russian
|
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Grigori Perelman
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