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Hint
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Answer
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alkane to halogenoalkane
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halogen, UV light
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alkene to alkane
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hydrogen, nickel catalyst, 150C
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alkene to halogenoalkane
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hydrogen halide, RTP
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alkene to alcohol
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steam, phosphoric acid catalyst, 300C, 70atm
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alkene to dihalogenoalkane
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halogen, RTP
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alkene to diol
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acidified potassium manganate
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halogenoalkane to alkene
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ethanolic potassium hydroxide, reflux
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halogenoalkane to primary amine
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excess, ethanolic ammonia, reflux, sealed flask
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halogenoalkane to nitrile
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ethanolic potassium cyanide,reflux
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halogenoalkane to alcohol
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aqueous potassium hydroxide, reflux
|
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alcohol to iodolkane
|
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potassium triiodide made in-situ using red phosphorus and iodine
|
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alcohol to bromoalkane
|
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potassium bromide in 50% concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst
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alcohol to chloroalkane
|
|
concentrated phosphorus pentachloride
|
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alcohol to alkene
|
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concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst, 170C
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alcohol to ester
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carboxylic acid, sulfuric acid catalyst, reflux
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primary alcohol to aldehyde/carboxylic acid
|
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dilute sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate, reflux
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secondary alcohol to ketone
|
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dilute sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate, reflux
|
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aldehyde to hydroxynitrile
|
|
ethanolic hydrogen cyanide, reflux
|
|
carboxylic acid to primary alcohol
|
|
acidified lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether
|
|
carboxylic acid to ester
|
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alcohol, sulfuric acid catalyst, reflux
|
|
carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
|
|
phosphorus pentachloride
|
|
nitrile to carboxylic acid
|
|
dilute hydrochloric acid, reflux
|
|
nitrile to primary amine
|
|
acidified lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether
|
|
acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
|
|
water, hydrogen chloride byproduct
|
|
acyl chloride to ester
|
|
alcohol, hydrogen chloride byproduct
|
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acyl chloride to amide
|
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ammonia, hydrogen chloride byproduct
|
|
acyl chloride to n-substituted amide
|
|
primary amine, hydrogen chloride byproduct, may form an ammonium salt
|
|
ester to alcohol and carboxylic acid
|
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acid hydrolysis, dilute sulfuric acid, reflux
|
|
ester to alcohol and carboxylate salt
|
|
base hydrolysis, dilute sodium hydroxide, reflux
|
|
primary amine to higher order amine
|
|
warmed, excess, ethanolic halogenoalkane
|
|
primary amine to salt
|
|
acid
|
|
primary amine to n-substituted amide
|
|
acyl chloride, hydrogen chloride byproduct, may form an ammonium salt
|
|
primary amine to basic solution
|
|
dissolve in water
|
|
primary amine to complex ion with copper ions
|
|
copper (ii) sulfate
|
|
nitration of benzene
|
|
concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, concentrated nitric acid, below 55C
|
|
bromination of benzene
|
|
bromine, iron (iii) bromide catalyst, reflux
|
|
chlorination of benzene
|
|
chlorine, aluminium chloride catalyst, reflux
|
|
friedel-craft acylation
|
|
acyl chloride, aluminium chloride catalyst, reflux
|
|
friedel-craft alkylation
|
|
halogenoalkane, aluminium chloride catalyst, reflux
|
|
nitrobenzene to phenylamine
|
|
tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid, reflux, add sodium hydroxide
|
|
nitration of phenol
|
|
nitric acid, RTP
|
|
bromination of phenol
|
|
bromine water, RTP
|
|
halogenoalkane to Grignard reagent
|
|
magnesium, dry ether, reflux
|
|
Grignard reagent to carboxylic acid
|
|
carbon dioxide, dry ether, dilute hydrochloric acid
|
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Grignard reagent to primary alcohol
|
|
methanal, dry ether, dilute hydrochloric acid
|
|
Grignard reagent to secondary alcohol
|
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aldehydes, dry ether, dilute hydrochloric acid
|
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Grignard reagent to tertiary alcohol
|
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ketones, dry ether, dilute hydrochloric acid
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