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Hint
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Years
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Answer
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1) Martin Luther protests against the Catholic Church, sparking this religious movement
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1517
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Protestant Reformation
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2) Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortes defeats King Montezuma and the collapse of this empire
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1521
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Aztec
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3) Francisco Pizarro defeats this Peruvian empire and founds the city of Lima
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1532-1572
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Inca
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4) This astronomer publishes his theory that Earth orbits the Sun
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1543-1687
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Copernicus
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5) This Portuguese explorers team is the first to circumnavigate the globe
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1519-1522
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Ferdinand Magellan
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6) Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral claims this country for Portugal
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1500
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Brazil
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7) This famous explorer is arrested and deported from Santo Domingo back to Spain, only to have the charges dismissed in December
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Oct 1500
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Christopher Columbus
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8) Portuguese explorer Joao Da Nova discovers this remote Atlantic island
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1502
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Saint Helena
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9) The famous David sculpture by this painter is unveiled in Florence
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1504
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Michelangelo
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10) This famous playwright is born in Stratford upon Avon
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1564-1616
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William Shakespeare
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11) German locksmith Peter Henlein invents a portable version of this timekeeping device
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1506-10
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Watch
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12) Spains' King Philip II sends a massive fleet to England to restore Catholicism, known as this event
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1588
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Spanish Armada
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13) This Italian explorer maps 2 stars, Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri
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1502
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Amerigo Vespucci
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14) This Brazilian megacity is founded by the team of Portuguese explorer Gonçalo Coelho
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1502
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Rio De Janeiro
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15) This famous Dutch humanist publishes In Praise of Folly
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1509
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Erasmus
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16) This family dynasty ruled England when the houses of Lancaster and York were united
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1500s
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Tudor
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17) This Ottoman ruler expands the empire into the Middle East and Africa
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1520-1566
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Suleiman
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18) This Florida city is established by the Spanish as a permanent settlement in America
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1565
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St Augustine
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19) This king severs ties with the pope and establishes the English Anglican Church
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1534
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Henry VIII
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20) This English explorer completes the 2nd circumnavigation of the world
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1577-1580
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Francis Drake
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21) This Flemish geographer creates the famous map projection that bears his name
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1569
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Mercator
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22) #9 paints the famous Last Judgement in this Vatican church
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1536-1541
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Sistine Chapel
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23) This explorer founds the first English colony in present day North Carolina
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1587
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Walter Raleigh
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24) This meeting is held to refine Catholic doctrine in response to the spread of Protestantism
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1545-1563
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Council of Trent
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25) This English queen, the 2nd wife of Henry VIII, is executed for treason at the Tower of London
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1533-1536
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Anne Boleyn
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"Protestantism" would fit the question too - could be added, but I guess it is a minor point.