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Apheresis to Additive Solutions - Statistics

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Topic Hint Answer % Correct
Therapeutic Apheresis has been used to treat patients with hyperleukocytosis, defined as a WBC or circulating blast count of over _____ 100,000/uL
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Therapeutic Apheresis is the regulatory restriction limit for extracorporeal volume during apheresis to avoid hypovolemic reaction 10.5 mL/kg
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Leukapheresis usual dose of either cytokine analogs 10 ug/kg/day
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Shipment of blood must be maintained at a temperature of ___ 1-10C
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Therapeutic Apheresis Because of the diminishing effect of increased plasma removal, it is recommended that approximately _____ plasma volumes be exchanged per procedure 1-1.5
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Plasmapheresis FDA guidelines recommend ___ (14.4 L for donors weighing more than 175 pounds) as the maximum allowable plasma volume donated per year 12 L
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Donation Frequencies NVBSP: single red cell 12 weeks
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Donation Frequencies NVBSP: single red cell + platelets 12 weeks
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Double RBC Pheresis Weight male (pounds) 130 lbs
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization RBCs stored for 42 days in AS-_, -_, -_ demonstrated a mean 24-hour post-infusion survival of greater than 75 percent, the minimum requirement for satisfactory RBC survival 1,3,5
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Plateletpheresis donors on Plavix (clopidogrel) or Ticlid (ticlopidine) should be deferred for 14 days
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Therapeutic Apheresis The patient’s extracorporeal blood volume (ECV) should be less than ___ of the total blood volume (TBV) in order to minimize the risk of hypovolemia. 15%
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Plateletpheresis The platelet count must be at least 150,000/uL or 150x10^9
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Double RBC Pheresis Weight female (pounds) 150 lbs
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Therapeutic Apheresis When erythrocytapheresis is performed to decrease parasitic load, _______ volume red blood cell exchange is done 1.5-2
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Double RBC Pheresis If the total RBCs lost is greater than 300 mL, the donor must be deferred for the full __________________ 16 weeks
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Donation Frequencies Book: 2 RBC 16 weeks
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Therapeutic Apheresis To achieve an adequate reduction in the WBC count, up to _____ of fluid may be removed, necessitating the use of a replacement fluid. 1 L
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Leukapheresis Atypical therapeutic dose is at least ______________ granulocytes each day for 5 consecutive days. 1x10^10
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Plateletpheresis A platelet donor typically experiences an acute fall in platelet count of _____________ following apheresis donation 20-29%
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Shelf life: ACD, CPD, CP2D 21 days
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Apheresis Typically, a drop in hematocrit of __ and a fall in platelet count of __ (2) occur after each granulocyte donation. 22%
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Plasmapheresis For serial donors, RBC loss must not exceed ____ per week or ____ in an 8-week period 25 mL; 200 mL
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Plateletpheresis Donor taking aspirin, Feldene, or aspirin-containing medications should be deferred for 2 days
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Shelf life: Heparin 2 days
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Plateletpheresis If the product contains more than _______ of RBCs, a pilot sample must be attached to the product and used by the transfusing facility to crossmatch the product with the intended recipient. 2 mL
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Apheresis Typically, a drop in hematocrit of __ (1) and a fall in platelet count of __ occur after each granulocyte donation. 3%
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Therapeutic Apheresis The therapeutic goal is to decrease the level of hemoglobin S to less than ________ 30%
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Therapeutic Apheresis In therapeutic plateletpheresis, platelet will be decreased by _____ 30-60%
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Therapeutic Apheresis A single procedure should reduce the WBC count by _____; however, more than one procedure may be necessary due to rapid mobilization of cells from the extravascular compartment. 30-60%
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Plateletpheresis If the donor is donating repeatedly for a specific patient, repeat testing need only be done every _______. 30 days
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Leukapheresis Typically, a drop in hematocrit of _____ and a fall in platelet count of ______ occur after each granulocyte donation. 3%; 22%
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Shelf life: CPDA-1 35 days
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Donation Frequencies NVBSP: platelet 3 days
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Plateletpheresis Each apheresis platelet unit is required to contain at least 3x10^11
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Shelf life: CPDA-2 42 days
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Therapeutic Apheresis _____ daily injections of GCSF are typically required to mobilize sufficient HPCs for collection 4-5
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Plateletpheresis A routine plateletpheresis procedure typically takes __________________. 45-90 minutes
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Therapeutic Apheresis Each HPC collection lasts ____ 4-6 hours
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Leukapheresis a recombinant hematopoietic growth factor that can produce ______ times the volumes of cells in each collection compared with other agents; quite well tolerated by the donor. (range) 4-8
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Donation Frequencies NVBSP: plasma 4 weeks
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Plasmapheresis If the donor weighs 50 to 80 kg, not more than ____ WB should be removed at one time 500 mL
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Double RBC Pheresis Height male (feet) 5'1 ft
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Additive solutions reduce hematocrits from around ____ to around _____ (2) with a volume of approximately 300 to 400 mL. 55-65%
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Double RBC Pheresis Height female (feet) 5'5 ft
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Therapeutic Apheresis most common replacement fluid for TPE 5% human serum albumin
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Plasmapheresis If the donor weights more than 80 kg , not more than ___ WB should be removed at one time 600 mL
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Leukapheresis dosage when prednisone is used 60 mg
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Additive solutions reduce hematocrits from around ____ (1) to around _____ with a volume of approximately 300 to 400 mL. 65-80%
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Plateletpheresis Platelets obtained by an apheresis procedure provide the equivalent of ________ units of whole blood–derived platelets (random-donor platelets). [2 answers; insert the word "or"] 6-8 or 8-10
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Plasmapheresis Serum total protein should be at least 6 g/dL
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization At least ___ of the red blood cells must remain viable at the end of the permitted storage period 70%
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization At least ____ of the red cells that have been transfused should remain viable for 24 hours. 75%
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Leukapheresis dosage when dexamethasone is used 8 mg
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Double RBC Pheresis procedure is discontinued prior to completion and the total RBC loss is less than 200 mL, the donor can donate again within ___________, provided all other donation criteria are met. 8 weeks
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Double RBC Pheresis If the RBC loss is greater than 200 mL but less than 300 mL, the donor should be deferred for ____________. 8 weeks
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Double RBC Pheresis don't know how to phrase this but it says "whole blood / 100 mL or more is not returned" 8 weeks
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Donation Frequencies Book: 1 RBC and 1 plasma and/or platelet 8 weeks before donating red cell
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization preserving solutions that are added to the RBCs after removal of the plasma with or without platelets. Additive solutions
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Production of ATP (Improve RBC survival from 21 to 35 days); increases ADP levels, thereby driving glycolysis towrd synthesis of ATP adenosine
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Plateletpheresis If no, when? after collection
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Therapeutic Apheresis Leukostasis is more common in patient with ___ > _____ AML > ALL
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Therapeutic Apheresis How many apheresis collections are usually needed to produce an acceptable “dose" of HPCs at least 1, sometimes 2 or 3
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Double RBC Pheresis Hematocrit female; PUT THE WORD "AT LEAST" at least 40%
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Double RBC Pheresis Hematocrit male; PUT THE WORD "AT LEAST" at least 40%
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Acts as anticoagulant, chelates calcium calcium
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Therapeutic Apheresis HPCs express the cell surface glycoprotein CD34
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization AS-3 contains ____which also protects against storage-related hemolysis citrate and phosphate
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Therapeutic Apheresis Why is FFP associated with allergic reaction? citrate toxicity
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Therapeutic Apheresis Most common reaction in HPCs citrate toxicity
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Lowers pH thus prevent caramelization citric acid
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Leukapheresis The disadvantage of that sedimenting agent is it is a ______; it expands the donor’s blood volume and remains in the circulation for extended periods of time. colloid
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Leukapheresis given to the donor prior to the collection procedure; work by pulling the granulocytes from the marginal pool into the general circulation, thus increasing the supply of cells corticosteroid
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Therapeutic Apheresis Used for up to one-third of the replacement volume Crystalloid
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Therapeutic Apheresis selectively remove RBCs, WBCs, or platelets Cytapheresis
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Leukapheresis In HPCs collection through leukapheresis, what substance is given to the donors to stimulate the release of more HPCs into the peripheral blood. cytokine analog
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Provides energy or glucose to RBC (food for cells); Substrate of ATP dextrose/glucose
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Donation Frequencies Book: Granulocytes every 2 days
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Donation Frequencies Book: Plasma (frequent) every 2 days (no more than 2 time in 7 days)
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Donation Frequencies Book: Platelets, single apheresis unit every 2 days (no more than 2 times in 7 days; no more 24 times in 1 year)
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Donation Frequencies Book: Plasma (infrequent) every 4 weeks (no more than 13 times/year)
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Donation Frequencies Book: Platelets, double or triple units every 7 days
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Therapeutic Apheresis contains all the constituents of the removed plasma and thus would appear to be the optimal replacement fluid for TPE procedures FFP
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Leukapheresis Examples of cytokine analogs (2; just use abbreviations) G-CSF and GM-CSF
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Leukapheresis a recombinant hematopoietic growth factor that can produce ______ times the volumes of cells in each collection compared with other agents; quite well tolerated by the donor. What is this substance? answer with abbreviation granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization used only for priming heart-lung machines Heparin
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Leukapheresis A common sedimenting agent that enhances the separation of the white blood cells from the red blood cells during centrifugation Hydroxyethyl starch
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Therapeutic Apheresis Electrolyte imbalance in citrate toxicity hypocalcemia
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Therapeutic Apheresis Apheresis is a first-line treatment, alone or inconjunction with other therapies. What category? I
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Therapeutic Apheresis Apheresis is a second-line treatment, alone or in conjunction with other therapies II
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Therapeutic Apheresis The optimal role for apheresis has not been established. Treatment should be individualized based on clinical evaluation and assessment of the anticipated risks and benefits. What category? Roman numeral? III
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Therapeutic Apheresis Apheresis is reported as either of no benefit or harmful in these conditions. Clinical applications should be undertaken only under an approved research protocol IV
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization AS-1, -5, -7 contain ____ which protects against storage-related hemolysis mannitol
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Acts as a RBC membrane stabilizer/stabilizing agent mannitol
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Therapeutic Apheresis The preferred method for lowering the platelet count is _____ medication
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Maintains pH during storage; necessary for maintenance of adequate levels of 2,3-DPG; Increase ATP levels monobasic sodium phosphate
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Plateletpheresis If donor is on their first time plateletpheresis or 4 weeks have already elapsed since the prior donation, is it necessary to determine their platelet count prior? No
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Plasmapheresis _________________ undergoes no more than one procedure in a 4-week period. Occasional plasmapheresis
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Therapeutic Apheresis Medical term for numbness or tingling around the mouth paresthesia
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Leukapheresis HPCs are also known as peripheral blood stem cells
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Therapeutic Apheresis used to remove plasma when the pathological substance is found in the circulation Plasmapheresis
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Therapeutic Apheresis Most common TA procedure performed Plasmapheresis
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Plateletpheresis Prior to each plateletpheresis procedure, a sample must be collected to determine the donor’s _____ platelet count
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization No. of red blood cells must remain viable at the end of the permitted storage period. This is called? post-storage viability
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization No. of red cells that have been transfused should remain viable for 24 hours. This is called? post-transfusion viability
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Plasmapheresis At the start of a serial apheresis program and at 4-month intervals, the donor must be tested for ______ and _________, and __________ (3) must be performed. protein electrophoresis
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Plasmapheresis At the start of a serial apheresis program and at 4-month intervals, the donor must be tested for ______ and _________(2), and __________ must be performed. quantitative immunoglobulin levels
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization AS-1, -3, -5 contain saline, adenine, glucose
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Plasmapheresis ________________ may donate more frequently than 4 weeks but no more than every 48 hours and no more than two donations in a 7-day period Serial plasmapheresis
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Blood Preservatives/ Additives/ Rejuvenation/ Freezing/ Deglycerolization Ice or other cooling devices ______ physically be in contact with blood unit to prevent hemolysis should not
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Therapeutic Apheresis Erythrocytapheresis is commonly performed in patients with ________ sickle cell disease
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Plasmapheresis When to check or test those 3 laboratory tests? start of serial program and at 4-month interval
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Plasmapheresis At the start of a serial apheresis program and at 4-month intervals, the donor must be tested for ______ (1) and _________, and __________ must be performed. total serum/plasma proteins
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Therapeutic Apheresis Apheresis is most efficient at removing the substance at the beginning (first portion) of the procedure and least efficient at the end. True or false True
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Therapeutic Apheresis Where are HPCs found during centrifugation? upper part of buffy coat
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