Get to know the bacteria btch

Generally, a non-pathogenic environmental bacterium but can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals, such as catheter-related bloodstream infections and pneumonia

Normal flora in the anterior nares of humans (30% of healthy individuals are asymptomatic carriers)

Most common cause of hospital-acquired urinary tract infection

Significant only in UTI’s in sexually active females (honeymoon cystitis), as it frequently occurs following sexual intercourse due to bacterial migration into the urinary tract

Responsible for the majority of invasive and non-invasive streptococcal infections worldwide

Most common cause of neonatal septicemia and neonatal meningitis (high morbidity and mortality)

Major cause of otitis media in children and meningitis in adults

Frequent cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis and bacteremia

First clinically relevant group of gram-positive cocci to acquire and disseminate resistance to vancomycin

Grow as satellite colonies around other bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and require sulfhydryl compounds like Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) or cysteine for bacterial growth

Most highly virulent and widely recognized Bacillus spp.

association with food poisoning outbreaks linked to reheated or improperly stored rice dishes

associated with individuals employed as farmers, slaughterhouse workers, food handlers, and veterinarians

Most commonly associated with pharyngitis in adolescents

Natural inhabitants of the human vagina

Causative agent of bacterial vaginosis characterized by a gray white, homogenous, malodorous vaginal discharge with no inflammation

Causes the death of cells in the upper respiratory tract, leading to the formation of a thick, graying pseudomembrane composed of dead cells, fibrin, and inflammatory exudate

One of the most frequently isolate non-toxigenic diphtheroids

Pleomorphic, partially acid-fast, branching, Gram positive bacilli in chains resembling a “beading” or fungal like arrangement

Most important Nocardia spp. in the tropical and subtropical areas

Second most common bacterial STI in adults 15 to 49 years of age worldwide

Leading cause of meningitis in young adults and children

Commensal bacteria of the upper respiratory tract

Most common cause of uncomplicated UTI

Opportunistic pathogens that primarily cause UTI, especially in hospitalized patients and with indwelling catheters

Associated with nosocomial pneumonia, bacteremia, wound infections, and UTIs, especially in immunocompromised patients

Most common isolate and a major cause of UTIs, liver abscesses, and nosocomial infections

Transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water and undercooked food (chicken or poultry) the most implicated food)

Zoonotic pathogen found in fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Most communicable and highly pathogenic bacterial diarrhea (extremely low infectious dose of 10-100 organisms)

Produces a distinctive red pigment (prodigiosin), which is enhanced at 25C and reduced at 37C

Exhibits “swarming” motility (due to hyperflagellation) and produce a “burnt chocolate” odor

commonly associated with UTI and wound infections, particularly in hospitalized patients

associated with contaminated pork, milk, tofu, and blood transfusion-related septicemia

black plague

otitis externa (swimmer’s ear), contact lens keratitis (contaminated contact lens solutions or improperly cleaned lenses), osteomyelitis, ecthyma gangrenosum (necrotic ulcers with a central black eschar), and hot tub folliculitis (pruritic, erythematous papules)

Frequently seen in nosocomial infections especially in intensive care units (ICU) isolated from catheters, ventilators, wounds, and medical equipment

Agent of glanders primarily found in horses, mules, and donkeys

Agent of melioidosis (aggressive granulomatous pulmonary disease)

Major cause of meningitis in children under 5 years of age

Contagious conjunctivitis

Brazilian purpuric fever

genital ulcer disease (GUD) that produces chancroid (soft chancre) and buboes (swollen unilateral inguinal lymph nodes)

agent of infective bacterial endocarditis

dental plaque, brain abscesses, and sinusitis

Associated with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) characterized by rapid destruction of the periodontal ligaments and bone supporting the teeth, often leading to tooth loss

Cause bacteremia and endocarditis, particularly in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (large vegetations on the heart valves)

Leading cause of osteoarticular infections (OAI) such as osteomyelitis/septic arthritis in children aged <4 years

Associated with infection following traumatic inoculation from the oral cavity (clenched fist wounds) and is found in abscesses from human bite wounds

Septicemia in the granulocytopenic or neutropenic patients; bacterial version of rabies

Causes gastroenteritis, bacteremia or necrotizing fasciitis (fishhook injuries or exposure to contaminated water)

self-limiting gastroenteritis

profuse watery diarrhea, which can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Cause wound infections, particularly after exposure to contaminated seawater or shellfish, which may rapidly progress to necrotizing fasciitis

1st bacteria mentioned to be linked to Guillain-Barre Syndrome

cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and duodenal ulcers

associated with cat scratch disease, bacteremia, bacillary peliosis hepatitis or splenic peliosis

causative agent of trench fever which is characterized with relapsing fever, headaches, and bone pain

Oroya fever and Carrion disease

Tularemia (rabbit fever, deer fly fever, market men’s disease)

water borne tularemia in individuals who have has near drowning incidents

Legionnaires’ disease (severe) and Pontiac fever/broad street pneumonia (mild)

Legionella maltophila

Wiga’s agent of pneumonia

Agent of pasteurellosis characterized cellulitis and blood drainage primarily from the bites or scratches of dogs and cats

Causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough, which primarily affects infants and young children

Primarily affects animals, especially dogs where it causes kennel cough, a highly contagious respiratory infection characterized by a harsh, dry cough

Mediterranean fever, Malta fever, Gibraltar fever, Bang diseae, Cyprus fever, and undulant fever

Primary agent of human tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of infectious disease-related deaths worldwide

Agent of Hansen disease or leprosy

Causative agent of Buruli ulcer, an NTD characterized by painless, slow-growing skin nodules that eventually ulcerate (necrotic ulcer)

Most common nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals

Primarily causes pulmonary disease, with symptoms that mimic tuberculosis, including cough, hemoptysis, fever, and weight loss

Causative agent of bovine tuberculosis infects humans and animals (cattle), acquired through ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products or direct contact with infected animals

Most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria from human infections

Most frequently isolated species in human infections, particularly in cervicofacial actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)

Most common anaerobic contaminant of blood cultures, particularly in hospital settings, because they are normal skin flora that can accidentally be introduced during blood collection

Most frequently isolated anaerobic gram-positive rods (GPR)

Most common cause of bacterial food poisoning in United States, particularly following the consumption of improperly cooked or reheated meat dishes

A leading cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) and is strongly associated with antibiotic use

Produces botulism toxin (most potent bacterial toxin) which blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causes flaccid paralysis

Produces tetanospamin (neurotoxin) which causes lock jaw, risus sardonicus (devil's grin), opisthotonos (arched back), and spastic paralysis (contracted) associated with hypocalcemia

Most common cause of anaerobic infections in humans, including intra-abdominal infections, abscesses, and bacteremia

Chartreuse (yellow green) fluorescence under UV light; Lemierre’s syndrome

Frequently associated with head and neck infections, including dental abscesses and periodontal infections, as well as lower respiratory tract infections like aspiration pneumonia

Most commonly reported tick-borne illness in the U.S.

Causative agent of Lyme disease, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected deer ticks (Ixodes spp.) and must remain attached for 36-48 hours to transmit the bacteria

Causes epidemic relapsing fever (louse-borne relapsing fever) transmitted by human body louse (Pediculus humanus)

Causes endemic relapsing fever (tick-borne relapsing fever) transmitted by soft tick (Ornithodoros spp.)

Most clinically significant species are responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease transmitted through contact with urine or water contaminated by infected animals

3rd most common bacterial STI

Causative agent of primary atypical pneumonia, commonly referred to as

Opportunistic pathogen linked to PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) in sexually active adults

Associated with nongonococcal urethritis (genital mycoplasma)

Most common bacterial STI in adults 15 to 49 years of age worldwide

Causative agent of parrot fever (Psittacosis)

Formerly known as TWAR strain (Taiwan Acute Respiratory syndrome)

Mediterranean Spotted Fever

Tick-borne fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Epidemic typhus

Brill-Zinsser disease

Flea-borne disease

Scrub typhi

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis

Canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis

Sennetsu fever

Q fever