|
Location
|
|
Glycophorin A
|
|
MN
|
|
Glycophorin B
|
|
S
|
|
Band 3
|
|
Diego
|
|
AE1
|
|
Diego
|
|
Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
|
|
Cartwright
|
|
p chromosome X
|
|
Xg
|
|
SLC4A1
|
|
Diego
|
|
carried on ART4 by GPI anchor
|
|
Dombrock
|
|
AQP1
|
|
Colton
|
|
4th component of C4
|
|
Chido/Rodgers
|
|
Glycophorin C and/or D
|
|
Gerbich
|
|
CR1
|
|
Knops
|
|
Hematopoietic isoform of CD44 marker
|
|
Indian
|
|
CD147
|
|
Ok
|
|
basigin
|
|
Ok
|
|
CD151
|
|
Raph
|
|
Semaphorin 7A
|
|
JMH
|
|
CD108
|
|
JMH
|
|
AQP3
|
|
Gill
|
|
Chromosome 6
|
|
RHAG
|
|
HLA Class 1 on RBC
|
|
Bennett Good Speed Antigens
|
|
DAF
|
|
Cromer
|
|
CD55
|
|
Cromer
|
|
|
|
|
|
Antiglobulin Test
|
|
is an important technical aspect in the performance of an antiglobulin test.
|
|
Patent blue and ariavit tartrazine
|
|
Source of error in AHG: Improper specimen (refrigerated, clotted) may cause in vitro complement attachment
|
|
FP
|
|
Source of error in AHG: Cell suspension either too weak or too heavy
|
|
FN
|
|
Source of error in AHG: Inadequate or improper washing of cells
|
|
FN
|
|
Source of error in AHG: AHG reagent, test serum, or enhancement medium not added
|
|
FN
|
|
Source of error in AHG: Bacterial contamination of cells or saline used in washing.
|
|
FP
|
|
Source of error in AHG: AHG reagent nonreactive because of deterioration or neutralization (improper reagent storage)
|
|
FN
|
|
Source of error in AHG: Using a serum sample for a DAT
|
|
FP
|
|
Source of error in AHG: Cells with a positive DAT will yield a positive IAT.
|
|
FP
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detection and ID of Antibodies
|
|
22% albumin mechanism
|
|
decrease zeta potential
|
|
22% albumin incubation time
|
|
30-60 minutes
|
|
LISS mechanism
|
|
lower zeta potential and decrease ionic cloud increasing antibody uptake by RBCs
|
|
LISS incubation time
|
|
10-15 minutes
|
|
What does LISS contain making it low ionic?
|
|
0.2% sodium chloride
|
|
What does LISS contain that reduces zeta potential?
|
|
glycine or dextrose (glucose)
|
|
PEG mechanism
|
|
removes water from the test system
|
|
PEG incubation time
|
|
10-30 minutes
|
|
Most sensitive among all potentiators
|
|
PEG
|
|
Describe Coomb’s check cells
|
|
O+ coated with anti-D
|
|
pH of saline used in washing cell-serum mixture before performing AHG in test tube
|
|
7.2-7.4
|
|
What does LISS contain making it low ionic?
|
|
0.2% sodium chloride
|
|
Error if washing of cell-serum mixture is not done before AHG phase
|
|
FN
|
|
Simulate how Antibody Screening is done
|
|
2,1,c,o,p,i,o,w,2,c,o,CCC,o
|
|
Advantage of test tube method
|
|
flexibility, availability, cost
|
|
Disadvantage of test tube method
|
|
subjective
|
|
Advantage of gel technology and solid phase technology method
|
|
standardization
|
|
Disadvantage of gel technology and solid phase technology method
|
|
specialized instrument or equipment
|
|
Centrifugation time of gel technology
|
|
10 minutes at 910 rpm
|
|
Incubation time of gel technology
|
|
15 minutes
|
|
Principle of gel technology
|
|
Hemagglutination
|
|
Gel used in gel technology
|
|
dextran-acrylamide gel
|
|
Screening and panel cells are suspended in what solution
|
|
LISS
|
|
Gel technology applications
|
|
ABO forward and reverse, Rh typing, DAT, Antibody screening, Antibody identification, Compatibility testing
|
|
Measure of gel card
|
|
5x7 cm
|
|
No. of microtubes consisting the gel card
|
|
6
|
|
4+ gel reaction
|
|
Solid band of agglutinated red cells at the top of the gel column. Usually no red cells are visible in the bottom of the microtube.
|
|
3+ gel reaction
|
|
Predominant amount of agglutinated red cells at the top of the gel column with a few agglutinates staggered below the thicker band.
|
|
2+ gel reaction
|
|
Red cell agglutinates are dispersed throughout the gel column with few agglutinates at the bottom of the microtube.
|
|
1+ gel reaction
|
|
Red cell agglutinates predominantly observed in the lower half of the gel column with red cells also in the bottom
|
|
Mixed-field gel reaction
|
|
Layer of red cell agglutinates at the top of the gel column accompanied by a pellet of unagglutinated cells in the bottom of the microtube
|
|
Negative gel reaction
|
|
Red cells forming a well-delineated pellet in the bottom of the microtube. The gel above the red cell pellet is clear and free of agglutinates
|
|
Antibody class capable of causing agglutination of saline-suspended RBCs
|
|
IgM
|
